Ethiopia
  • Ethiopia: Preface
  • COUNTRY Formal Name:   Ethiopia.
  • Introduction
  • Chapter 1. Historical Setting by John W. Turner (An African analyst with the Department of Defense) .
  • Early Populations and Neighboring States
  • The Aksumite State
  • Ethiopia and the Early Islamic Period
  • The “Restoration” of the “Solomonic” Line
  • Amhara Ascendancy
  • The Trials of the Christian Kingdom and the Decline of Imperial Power
  • Oromo Migrations and Their Impact  
  • Contact with European Christendom
  • The Gonder State and the Ascendancy of the Nobility
  • The Making of Modern Ethiopia
  • The Reestablishment of the Ethiopian Monarchy
  • From Tewodros II to Menelik II, 1855-89
  • The Reign of Menelik II, 1889-1913
  • The Interregnum
  • Haile Selassie: The Prewar Period, 1930-36
  • Italian Administration in Eritrea
  • Mussolini's Invasion and the Italian Occupation
  • Ethiopia in World War II
  • The Postwar Period, 1945-60: Reform and Opposition
  • Change and Resistance
  • Administrative Change and the 1955 Constitution
  • The Attempted Coup of 1960 and Its Aftermath
  • Growth of Secessionist Threats
  • The Liberation Struggle in Eritrea
  • Discontent in Tigray
  • The Ogaden and the Haud
  • Revolution and Military Government
  • Background to Revolution, 1960-74
  • The Establishment of the Derg
  • The Struggle for Power, 1974-77
  • Ethiopia's Road to Socialism
  • The Mengistu Regime and Its Impact
  • Political Struggles Within the Government
  • Eritrean and Tigrayan Insurgencies
  • Social and Political Changes
  • Ethiopia in Crisis: Famine and Its Aftermath, 1984-88
  • Famine and Economic Collapse
  • Government Defeats in Eritrea and Tigray
  • The People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
  • Changes in Soviet Policy and New International Horizons
  • Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
  • Physical Setting
  • Boundaries: International and Administrative
  • Topography and Drainage
  • Climate
  • Population
  • Urbanization
  • Resettlement and Villagization
  • Refugees, Drought, and Famine
  • Ethiopia's Peoples
  • Ethnic Groups, Ethnicity, and Language
  • Ethio-Semitic Language Groups
  • Cushitic Language Groups
  • Omotic Language Groups
  • Nilo-Saharan Language Groups
  • Ethiopia and Sudan.
  • Ethnic and Social Relations
  • Social Relations
  • Social System
  • Rural Society
  • Urban Society
  • The Role of Women
  • Religious Life
  • Demography and Geography of Religious Affiliation
  • Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity
  • Organization of the Church and the Clergy
  • Faith and Practice
  • Islam
  • Local Character of Belief and Practice
  • Indigenous Religions
  • Foreign Missions
  • Education
  • Education During Imperial Rule
  • Primary and Secondary Education since 1975
  • Higher and Vocational Education since 1975
  • Literacy
  • Foreign Educational Assistance
  • Health and Welfare
  • Chapter 3. The Economy
  • Growth and Structure of the Economy Developments up to l974
  • Postrevolution Period
  • Role of Government
  • The Budgetary Process
  • Revenue and Expenditures
  • Banking and Monetary Policy
  • Labor Force
  • Unemployment
  • Labor Unions
  • Wages and Prices
  • Agriculture
  • Land Use and Land Reform
  • Land Reform
  • Government Rural Programs
  • Peasant Associations and Rural Development
  • Cooperatives and State Farms
  • Resettlement and Villagization
  • Agricultural Production
  • Major Cash Crops
  • Major Staple Crops
  • Livestock
  • Fishing
  • Forestry
  • Government Marketing Operations
  • Industry and Energy
  • Industrial Development Policy
  • Energy Resources
  • Mining
  • Transportation and Telecommunications
  • Roads
  • Railroads
  • Ports
  • Air Transport
  • Telecommunications
  • Foreign Trade
  • Exports
  • Imports
  • Balance of Payments and Foreign Assistance
  • Economic Prospects
  • Chapter 4. Government and Politics
  • The Workers' Party of Ethiopia
  • The Vanguard Party
  • The 1987 Constitution
  • The Social Order
  • Citizenship, Freedoms, Rights, and Duties
  • National Shengo (National Assembly)
  • Council of State
  • The President
  • Council of Ministers
  • Judicial System
  • Regional and Local Government
  • Peasant Associations
  • Kebeles
  • Civil Service
  • The Politics of Development
  • The Politics of Drought and Famine
  • The Politics of Resettlement
  • The Politics of Villagization
  • Political Dynamics
  • Political Participation and Repression
  • The Eritrean Movement
  • Eritrea and the Mengistu Regime
  • The Tigrayan Movement
  • Other Movements and Fronts
  • Afar Groups
  • Somali Groups
  • Leftist Groups
  • Regime Stability and Peace Negotiations
  • Mass Media
  • Foreign Policy
  • Diplomacy and State Building in Imperial Ethiopia
  • The Foreign Policy of the Derg
  • The Derg, the Soviet Union, and the Communist World
  • The Derg and the West
  • Ethiopia's Border Politics
  • Addis Ababa and the Middle East
  • The Demise of the Military Government
  • Chapter 5. National Security
  • Military Tradition in National Life
  • The Armed Forces
  • The 1987 Constitution and the Armed Forces
  • Command and Force Structure
  • Army
  • Air Force
  • Navy
  • People's Militia
  • Training
  • Ethiopia: Morale and Discipline
  • Manpower Considerations
  • Defense Costs
  • Foreign Military Assistance
  • United States
  • Soviet Union
  • Cuba
  • East Germany
  • North Korea
  • Israel
  • External and Internal Opponents
  • The Eritreans
  • The Tigray
  • The Oromo
  • The Somali
  • Public Order and Internal Security
  • People's Protection Brigades
  • Crime and Punishment
  • Prisons
  • Human Rights
  • Bibliography — Ethiopia
  • Glossary — Ethiopia
  • Contributors
  • Table 1. Metric Conversion Coofficients and Factors
  • Table 2. Population by Urban-Rural Breakdown and by Region and Addis Ababa, May 1988
  • Table 3. Area, Population, and Population Density by Region and Addis Ababa, 1975 and 1987
  • Table 4. Population of Largest Cities and Towns, 1967, 1975, and 1987
  • Table 5. Number of Schools by Grade Level and by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1985-861
  • Table 6. Number of Students by Grade Level and Sex, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1985- 86*
  • Table 7. Number of Teachers by Grade Level and by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1985-861
  • Table 8. Medical Facilities by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1975-76 and 1983- 841
  • Table 9. Medical Personnel by Region and Addis Ababa, Ethiopian Calendar Years 1974-75 and 1983- 841
  • Table 10. Key Economic Indicators, Ethiopian Fiscal Years, 1974-75 to 1988-891
  • Table 11. Average Annual Income, Retail Price Index, and Real Income, Selected Ethiopian Calendar Years, 1970-71 to 1987-881
  • Table 12. Retail Price Index for Addis Ababa, Selected Ethiopian Calendar Years, 1970-71 to 1987- 881
  • Table 13. Production of Major Crops, Selected Ethiopian Calendar Years, 1974-75 to 1988- 891
  • Table 14. Value of Principal Exports, Selected Ethiopian Fiscal Years, 1974-75 to 1988- 891
  • Table 15. Balance of Payments, Selected Ethiopian Fiscal Years, 1980-81 to 1988-891
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