Turkey: A Country Study
Foreword
Preface
Country
Transportation and Telecommunications
Introduction
Ancient Anatolia
Greeks
Sultanate of Rum
Ottoman Institutions
Turkey
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Preface
Country Profile
Country
Society
Transportation and Telecommunications
National Security
Introduction
Chapter 1. Historical Setting
Ancient Anatolia
Phrygians and Lydians
Greeks
Turkish Origins
Sultanate of Rum
The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Institutions
Köprülü Era
The Young Turks
Atatürk and the Turkish Nation
Nationalist Movement
Atatürk's Reforms
Table A. Chronology of Major Kemalist Reforms
Turkey after Atatürk
Multiparty Politics, 1946-60
Politics and Foreign Relations in the 1960s
Politics and Elections in the 1970s
Conflict and Diplomacy: Cyprus and Beyond
The Economy: An Unresolved Issue
Military Intervention and the Return to Civilian
Rule
Politics and the Return to Civilian Rule
Economic Stabilization and Prospects for the 1990s
Chapter 2. The Society and Its Environment
External Boundaries
Landform Regions
Aegean Region
Pontus and Taurus Mountains
Eastern Highlands
Climate
Population Density, Distribution, and Settlement
Government Population Policies
Linguistic and Ethnic Groups
Kurds
Peoples from the Caucasus
Greeks
Jews
Islam
Early Development
Sufism and Folk Islam
The Alevi
Retreat from Secularism
Non-Muslim Minorities
The Changing National Elite
Towns
Anatolian Villages
Villages in the South and East
Marriage
Gender Relations
Education
Health and Welfare
Chapter 3. The Economy
Growth and Structure of the Economy
Reforms under Özal
Structure of the Economy
Role of Government in the Economy
Etatism
Development Planning
Agriculture
Irrigation
Land Tenure
Livestock
Industry
Energy
Mineral Resources
Construction
Banking and Finance
Tourism
Foreign Trade
Regional Economic Integration
Chapter 4. Government and Politics
The Constitutional System
Electoral System
National Assembly
Judiciary
Civil Service
Political Developments since the 1980 Coup
Political Parties
Social Democratic Populist Party
Welfare Party
Other Parties
Military
Labor
Religious Interests
Minorities
Newspapers and Periodicals
Foreign Relations
The Middle East
The United States
Chapter 5. National Security
The Armed Forces and Society
External Security Concerns
Syria
The Balkans
Turkey's Participation in NATO
Defense Spending
Education and Training
Army
Air Force
Uniforms, Ranks, and Insignia
Domestic Arms Industry
Kurdish Separatists
Armenian Terrorism
Police System
Gendarmerie
Crime and Punishment
Incidence of Crime
Individual Rights
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