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Pahlavi Texts, Part III (SBE24), E.W. West, tr. [1885], at sacred-texts.com
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CHAP. |
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PAGE |
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1. |
The Dînâ-î Maînôg-î Khirad | |
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2. |
The Sikand-gûmânîk Vigâr | |
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3. |
The Sad Dar | |
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Abbreviations used in this volume | |
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1. |
Introducing the sage and the spirit of wisdom | |
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2. |
How to preserve both body and soul, including the fate of the soul after death, whether righteous or wicked | |
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3. |
What liberality and truth, gratitude and wisdom, mindfulness and contentment are good for | |
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4. |
The nine chief good works, divided into seven classes | |
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5. |
The ten happiest lands | |
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6. |
The ten unhappiest lands | |
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7. |
The four grades of heaven and hell, with the neutral region between them, and the fate of the souls in each | |
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8. |
How Aûharmazd created the universe, and Aharman corrupted it for 9000 years. The evil influence of the seven planets, the good influence of the twelve signs of the zodiac, and how far the good and evil can counteract each other | |
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9. |
The impossibility of going from region to region, the substance of the sky, and the mingling of the water in the earth | |
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10. |
The impossibility of peace and affection between Aharman and Aûharmazd | |
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11. |
Wisdom without goodness and skill without wisdom are useless | |
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12. |
Worldly treasure is not allotted so truly as spiritual, on account of Aharman's chieftains, the seven planets; but, after death, every one is judged according to his own deeds | |
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13. |
Though animals’ knowledge is instinctive, men obtain theirs only by toil, because Aharman has concealed the results of good and evil, and formed many false religions; but the only true one is that taught by Zaratûst | |
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14. |
The best protection, friend, supporter of fame, helper of enjoyment, wealth, and pleasure. | |
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15. |
The poverty and opulence which are good, and the characteristics of good and bad government. | |
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16. |
The best food, grain, and fruit. The effects of wine on different tempers, and when drunk in moderation and in excess. Also why silk clothing is better for the body, and cotton for the soul | |
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17. |
The pleasure that is worse than unhappiness | |
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18. |
Why people disregard the changeableness of worldly things, death, the account of the soul, and hell | |
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19. |
Living in fear and falsehood is worse than death | |
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20. |
The best and worst conversation for kings | |
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21. |
The fate of men who are worldly, scoffing, idle, malicious, lazy, false-hearted, and arrogant | |
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22. |
How far worldly wealth can be acquired through exertion | |
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23. |
The impossibility of contending with destiny | |
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24. |
Providence can over-rule destiny; but rarely does so, because of Aharman's evil doings | |
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25. |
The poorest of the rich, and the richest of the poor | |
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26. |
A blind mind is worse than a blind eye, and an ill-informed is worse than an ill-tempered man | |
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27. |
The several advantages resulting from the actions of Gâyômard, Hôshâng, Tâkhmorup,Yimshêd, Az-î Dahâk, Frâsîyâk, Frêdûn, Mânûskîhar, Kaî-Kavâd, Sâhm, Kâî-Ûs, Sîyâvakhsh, Kaî Khûsrôî, Kaî-Lôharâsp, and Kaî-Vistâsp | |
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28. |
The most forgiving, strongest, swiftest, happiest, and most miserable | |
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29. |
What must be most regarded and protected | |
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30. |
The worst life and most unforeseeing man | |
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31. |
The business of the three classes-priests, warriors, and husbandman | |
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32. |
The business of the fourth class, the artizans | |
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33. |
The worst ruler, chieftain, friend, kinsman, wife, child, and country | |
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34. |
Aharman can hardly disturb a wise and contented man | |
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35. |
The seven kinds of men who are rich, and the seven who are poor | |
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36. |
The thirty sins | |
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37. |
The thirty-three good works | |
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38. |
Why worldly happiness is not allotted to the worthy who are accepted in heaven | |
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39. |
Whose power is most seemly, wisdom most complete, disposition most faithful, speech most proper, goodness least, friendship worst, mental pleasure least, heart most seemly, endurance most approvable, and who is not faithful. What should be kept by every one and no one, and also in conversation. Who cannot give evidence, to whom obedience is due, who must be minded and praised, what must not be unrespected, who is like Aûharmazd, and who like Aharman | |
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40. |
What is coldest, warmest, brightest, darkest, fullest, emptiest, most fruitless, without superfluity, incapable of deprival, cannot be bought, satisfies every one, and satisfies no one. What Aûharmazd desires from men, and what Aharman does; and what is the end in the worldly and spiritual existences | |
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41. |
The mightiest man, most dreadful road, most perplexing account, pleasantest tie, most regretable work, and most unprofitable gift. | |
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42. |
The three kinds of man | |
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43. |
The spiritual armour and weapons requisite for attaining to heaven and escaping from hell | |
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44. |
The arrangement of the sky and earth, flow of the water, and resting-place of the clouds; where the winter demon is most predominant, and the most undisturbed country | |
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45. |
How Aharman deceives, whence is his pleasure, where he has a foundation, whom he haunts, and whence is his food | |
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46. |
Aharman considers no injury complete, unless he seizes the soul | |
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47. |
What is better than all wealth, predominant over everything, and from which no one can escape | |
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48. |
The dwelling of the understanding, intellect, seed, and wisdom in the body | |
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49. |
The duties and motions of the stars, Tîstar, Vanand, Haptôk-ring, the twelve signs of the zodiac, and the rest, the sun and the moon. | |
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50. |
The opulent person who is fortunate, and the reverse | |
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51. |
Why a bad man sometimes succeeds, and a good one fails | |
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52. |
How the ceremonies and religion should be considered, and what is requisite for the renunciation of sin | |
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53. |
How the homage and glorifying of the sacred beings are to be performed | |
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54. |
Why an ignorant man will not learn | |
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55. |
Why an ill-natured man is no friend of the good, nor an untalented man of the talented | |
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56. |
The uses of mountains and rivers | |
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57. |
The many advantages and uses of wisdom | |
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58. |
Though an ignorant king is esteemed by man, a wise poor man is more esteemed by the angels | |
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59. |
The vices of the four classes-priests, warriors, husband-men, and artizans | |
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60. |
The man most conversant with good and evil | |
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61. |
The chiefs of men, women, horses, flying creatures, oxen, wild animals, and grains | |
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62. |
Regarding Kangdez, the enclosure formed by Yim, the body .of Sâhm, the abode of Srôsh, the three-legged ass, the Hôm tree, Gôpaîtôshah, the Kar fish, the griffon bird, and Kînâmrôs | |
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63. |
The best good work, which requires no trouble | |
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1. |
Introducing the subject and the author | |
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2. |
Why Aharman advanced towards the light, though of a different nature | |
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3. |
Why Aûharmazd did not use his omnipotence to repel Aharman | |
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4. |
How the stars came to be distributors both of the good produced by Aûharmazd, and of the evil produced by Aharman | |
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5. |
Proof of the existence of a creator derived from the evident design in the creation | |
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6. |
Further proofs of a similar description | |
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7. |
Proof of the existence of an injurer from the provision made against him | |
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8. |
Proofs of the same from the existence of evil | |
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9. |
Proof of the existence of the opponent before the creation, and of his appearance afterwards | |
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10. |
Those who believe in the unity of creation, also believe in a corrupting influence which is really another being | |
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11. |
The inconsistency of those who trace both good and evil to a sacred being whose attributes are incompatible with the latter; with references to various scriptures | |
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12. |
Other inconsistencies in the assertions of various sects regarding the sacred being | |
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13. |
Criticism of the Jewish account of the creation of the universe and the fall of man, as given in the Old Testament | |
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14. |
Other statements of the Old Testament and Jewish tradition, regarding the sacred being, that are inconsistent with his attributes | |
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15. |
Criticism of many statements of the Christian scriptures, showing their inconsistency, and that some of them also admit the existence of a separate originator of evil | |
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16. |
Criticism of some of the doctrines of the Mânîchaeans | |
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Introduction | |
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1. |
Necessity of unwavering faith in the religion | |
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2. |
Sin not to be committed | |
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3. |
Advantage of perseverance in industry | |
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4. |
No one should despair of the mercy of Hôrmazd | |
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5. |
Advantage of Navazûd and Gêtî-kharîd | |
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6. |
The six indispensable good works | |
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7. |
Why we should recite certain formulas after sneezing | |
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8. |
Why high-priests must be obeyed | |
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9. |
The sin of unnatural intercourse to be punished, by any one, by death on the spot. | |
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10. |
Reasons for wearing the sacred thread-girdle and tying it with four knots | |
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11. |
Why a household fire should be properly maintained | |
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12. |
Why the clothing of a corpse should be scanty and old, though many people must follow the bier | |
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13. |
Why ceremonies in honour of the souls of the departed should be properly celebrated | |
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14. |
How nail-parings should be treated, and why | |
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15. |
How we should salute anything agreeable, and why | |
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16. |
A pregnant woman and new-born infant require the protection of a fire or burning lamp, with other precautions | |
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17. |
Why a toothpick must be cut free from bark | |
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18. |
People should marry early, to benefit by children's good works; and a childless man must have an adopted son | |
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19. |
Advantage of attending to agriculture | |
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20. |
Advantage of feeding the worthy | |
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21. |
How grace must be said before and after eating, and why | |
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22. |
Advantage of performing Gâdangôî | |
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23. |
Tethered animals must be restrained | |
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24. |
Why and how Hôm-juice must be given to anew-born child | |
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25. |
Why promises must not be broken | |
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26. |
Every man of fifteen years must select a patron spirit and a priestly guide whom he must obey | |
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27. |
When it is doubtful whether an action be right or wrong a high-priest must be consulted | |
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28. |
Why the Avesta must be properly learnt and remembered | |
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29. |
Why liberality must extend only to the worthy | |
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30. |
Water must not be poured away, or drunk, in the dark | |
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31. |
Dogs must be fed and well-treated | |
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32. |
Why a hen or cock must not be killed for crowing | |
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33. |
Why search must be made where a corpse is supposed to be buried | |
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34. |
Animals must not be often killed, and some never; also certain parts should be consecrated | |
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35. |
Prayers to be used when washing the face | |
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36. |
Necessity of the Bareshnûm for both men and women | |
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37. |
Why the ten days of the guardian spirits must be celebrated | |
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38. |
We must not drink from the same cup as those of a different religion, until it is purified | |
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39. |
The sacred fire and its attendant must be properly maintained (see Chap. 92) | |
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40. |
Parents and priests must be obeyed and not vexed | |
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41. |
The care and prayers necessary for menstruous women | |
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42. |
Why slander and seduction, sins producing accusers, are specially injurious | |
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43 |
Noxious creatures must be killed, especially five kinds | |
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44. |
Walking barefoot is a sin, and why | |
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45. |
How repentance must be accomplished for every sin | |
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46. |
The proper age for tying on the sacred thread-girdle | |
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47. |
Ceremonies must be celebrated after the death of a child of seven, to liberate its soul from those of its parents | |
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48. |
A cooking-pot must not be more than two-thirds full, for fear of boiling over | |
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49. |
A fire must be cold before the ashes are removed | |
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50. |
How the morning ablutions must be performed | |
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51. |
Why it is necessary to send a child to school | |
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52. |
Why a sacred cake must be consecrated every year on the day Khurdâd of the month Fravardîn | |
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53. |
Any one travelling twelve leagues must have a sacred cake consecrated before he goes and every Bahirâm day during his absence | |
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54. |
If a man's serving wife has a son, he may adopt it; but if only a daughter, he must adopt a relation's son | |
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55. |
When a sacred cake cannot be consecrated at a Navazûd, bread must be eaten with the Hôrmazd vâg | |
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56. |
Precautions and prayers necessary when evacuating water | |
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57. |
A hedgehog must not be injured, and why | |
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58. |
Advantages of a ceremony for the living soul | |
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59. |
The only Nyâyis for women is obedience to their husbands | |
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60. |
Steadfastness in the religion leads to heaven, and helping others to be steadfast is the best good work | |
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61. |
Evils of falsehood | |
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62. |
Advantages of truth in word and action | |
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63. |
Regarding the sin of adultery | |
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64. |
Penalties for theft with and without violence | |
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65. |
Duties of thanksgiving and doing good | |
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66. |
All women must have the Dvâzdah-hômâst celebrated | |
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67. |
Why women must abstain from adultery | |
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68. |
Precautions to be taken by menstruous women | |
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69. |
Allowing the sun to shine on a fire, even through holes, is sinful | |
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70. |
Precautions to be observed in carrying the dead | |
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71. |
Punishment for eating dead matter as medicine | |
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72. |
Bringing dead matter to water or fire is a deadly sin | |
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73. |
Any cow, goat, or fowl that eats dead matter is impure, and its produce cannot be used, for a year | |
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74. |
Morning ablutions | |
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75. |
Cultivators must be careful that irrigation water is not defiled with dead matter | |
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76. |
Period of purification after childbirth | |
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77. |
Purification and precautions after still-birth | |
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78. |
Why meat must not be eaten for three days after a death in the house | |
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79. |
Advantages of liberality | |
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80. |
Different values of Ashem-vohû on different occasions | |
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81. |
Hôrmazd admonishes Zaratust not to postpone to-day's duties and good works till to-morrow | |
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82. |
The sacred thread-girdle must be re-tied when dressing, before moving from the spot | |
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83. |
Proper fasting is from sin, not from food | |
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84. |
Prayers before sleeping and when restless | |
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85. |
Advice must always be asked of the wise and relations | |
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86. |
Beavers must not be killed | |
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87. |
Ceremonies to be celebrated after a death | |
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88. |
Polluted wood must not be used or burnt | |
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89. |
Any one eating dead matter, or polluting another with it, must be purified | |
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90. |
Nothing is to be given to a sinner | |
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91. |
How to purify articles of various materials when polluted by dead matter | |
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92. |
The sacred fire must be properly maintained, and an attendant provided (see Chap. 39) | |
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93. |
Slander a sin, and how to atone for it | |
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94. |
Benefits must be reciprocated | |
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95. |
The merit of performing the Nyâyises, and the sin of neglecting them | |
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96. |
Mourning for the dead is improper | |
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97. |
Priests’ instructions must be treated with respect | |
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98. |
Priests must teach the Avesta to laymen correctly | |
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99. |
Pahlavi must be taught to priests only | |
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100. |
Any one molesting a harmless person in this world will be delayed on his way to the other world | |
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Transliteration of Oriental Alphabets adopted for the Translations of the Sacred Books of the East |
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