How, after the death of the kings Ethelbert and Sabert, their successors restored idolatry; for which reason, both Mellitus and Justus departed out of Britain. [616 A.D.]
IN the year of our Lord 616, which is the twenty-first year after
Augustine and his company were sent to preach to the English
nation, Ethelbert, king of Kent, having most gloriously governed
his temporal kingdom fifty-six years, entered into the eternal
joys of the kingdom of Heaven. He was the third of the English
kings who ruled over all the southern provinces that are divided
from the northern by the river Humber and the borders contiguous
to it; but the first of all that ascended to the heavenly
kingdom. The first who had the like sovereignty was Aelli, king
of the South-Saxons; the second, Caelin, king of the West-Saxons,
who, in their own language, is called Ceaulin; the third, as has
been said, was Ethelbert, king of Kent; the fourth was Redwald,
king of the East-Angles, who, even in the life-time of Ethelbert,
had been acquiring the leadership for his own race. The fifth was
Edwin, king of the Northumbrian nation, that is, of those who
live in the district to the north of the river H umber; his power
was greater; he had the overlordship over all the nations who
inhabit Britain, both English and British, except only the people
of Kent; and he reduced also under the dominion of the English,
the Mevanian Islands of the Britons, lying between Ireland and
Britain; the sixth was Oswald, the most Christian king of the
Northumbrians, whose kingdom was within the same bounds; the
seventh, his brother Oswy, ruled over a kingdom of like extent
for a time, and for the most part subdued and made tributary the
nations of the Picts and Scots, who occupy the northern parts of
Britain: but of that hereafter.
King Ethelbert died on the 24th day of the month of February,
twenty-one years after he had received the faith, and was buried
in St. Martin's chapel within the church of the blessed Apostles
Peter and Paul, where also lies his queen, Bertha. Among other
benefits which he conferred upon his nation in his care for them,
he established, with the help of his council of wise men,
judicial decisions, after the Roman model; which are written in
the language of the English, and are still kept and observed by
them. Among which, he set down first what satisfaction should be
given by any one who should steal anything belonging to the
Church, the bishop, or the other clergy, for he was resolved to
give protection to those whom he had received along with their
doctrine.
This Ethelbert was the son of Irminric, whose father was Octa,
whose father was Oeric, surnamed Oisc, from whom the kings of
Kent are wont to be called Oiscings. His father was Hengist, who,
being invited by Vortigern, first came into Britain, with his son
Oisc, as has been said above.
But after the death of Ethelbert, the accession of his son
Eadbald proved very harmful to the still tender growth of the new
Church; for he not only refused to accept the faith of Christ,
but was also defiled with such fornication, as the Apostle
testifies, as is not so much as named among the Gentiles, that
one should have his father's wife. By both which crimes he gave
occasion to those to return to their former uncleanness, who,
under his father, had, either for favour or fear of the king,
submitted to the laws of the faith and of a pure life. Nor did
the unbelieving king escape without the scourge of Divine
severity in chastisement and correction; for he was troubled with
frequent fits of madness, and possessed by an unclean spirit. The
storm of this disturbance was increased by the death of Sabert,
king of the East Saxons, who departing to the heavenly kingdom,
left three sons, still pagans, to inherit his temporal crown.
They immediately began openly to give themselves up to idolatry,
which, during their father's lifetime, they had seemed somewhat
to abandon, and they granted free licence to their subjects to
serve idols. And when they saw the bishop, whilst celebrating
Mass in the church, give the Eucharist to the people, filled, as
they were, with folly and ignorance, they said to him, as is
commonly reported, "Why do you not give us also that white
bread, which you used to give to our father Saba (for so they
were wont to call him), and which you still continue to give to
the people in the church?" To whom he answered, "If you
will be washed in that font of salvation, in which your father
was washed, you may also partake of the holy Bread of which he
partook; but if you despise the laver of life, you can in no wise
receive the Bread of life." They replied, "We will not
enter into that font, because we know that we do not stand in
need of it, and yet we will be refreshed by that bread." And
being often earnestly admonished by him, that this could by no
means be done, nor would any one be admitted to partake of the
sacred Oblation without the holy cleansing, at last, they said,
filled with rage, "If you will not comply with us in so
small a matter as that which we require, you shall not stay in
our province." And they drove him out and bade him and his
company depart from their kingdom. Being driven thence, he came
into Kent, to take counsel with his fellow bishops, Laurentius
and Justus, and learn what was to be done in that case; and with
one consent they determined that it was better for them all to
return to their own country, where they might serve God in
freedom of mind, than to continue to no purpose among barbarians,
who had revolted from the faith. Mellitus and Justus accordingly
went away first, and withdrew into the parts of Gaul, intending
there to await the event. But the kings, who had driven from them
the herald of the truth, did not continue long unpunished in
their worship of devils. For marching out to battle against the
nation of the Gewissi, they were all slain with their army.
Nevertheless, the people having been once turned to wickedness,
though the authors of it were destroyed, would not be corrected,
nor return to the unity of faith and charity which is in Christ.