Using this
guide
Title Page and Contents
Ch. I
Woolman's youth
That
true religion consisted in an inward life, wherein the heart does love
and reverence God the Creator, and learns to exercise true justice and
goodness, not only toward all men, but also toward the brute creation.
(ch. 1)
One
day, being under a strong exercise of spirit, I stood up and said some
words in a meeting; but not keeping close to the divine opening, I said
more than was required of me. (ch. 1)
My
employer, having a negro woman, sold her, and desired me to write a
bill of sale. (ch. 1)
Ch. II
Early travels in the ministry
A
way of life free from much entanglement appeared best for me, though
the income might be small. (ch. 2)
In
our journeying to and fro we found some honest-hearted Friends, who
appeared to be concerned for the cause of truth among a backsliding
people. (ch. 2)
With
people who lived in ease on the hard labour of their slaves, I felt
uneasy. (ch. 2)
We
were taught by renewed experience to labour for an inward stillness;
at no time to seek for words, but to live in the spirit of truth, and
utter that to the people which truth opened in us. (ch. 2)
Ch. III
Presses issue of slaveholding among Friends
As
I looked to the Lord, he inclined my heart to His testimony. I told
the man that I believed the practice of continuing slavery to this people
was not right. (ch. 3)
Deep-rooted
customs, though wrong, are not easily altered; but it is the duty of
all to be firm in that which they certainly know is right for them.
(ch. 3)
Observing
that they had slaves, I found myself under a necessity, in a friendly
way, to labour with them. (ch. 3)
When
men take pleasure in feeling their minds elevated with strong drink,
and so indulge their appetite as to disorder their understandings, neglect
their duty, and cast off all regard to religion, their case is much
to be pitied. (ch. 3)
To
be a fool as to worldly wisdom, and to commit my cause to God, not fearing
to offend men, who take offence at the simplicity of truth, is the only
way to remain unmoved at the sentiments of others. (ch. 3)
Ch. IV
Travels and shares concerns with slaveholders
Conduct
is more convincing than language, and where people, by their actions,
manifest that the slave-trade is not so disagreeable, there is not a
sound uniting with some Friends who visit them. (ch. 4)
I
was troubled to perceive the darkness of their imaginations. (ch. 4)
When
I was at Newbegun Creek a Friend was there, Samuel Newby, who laboured
for his living, having no negroes, and who had been a minister many
years. (ch. 4)
Ch. V
Reemphasis on peace testimony.
As
scrupling to pay a tax on account of the application [for war] hath
seldom been heard of heretofore, even amongst men of integrity, who
have steadily borne their testimony against outward wars in their time,
I may therefore note some things which have occurred to me. (ch. 5)
Orders
came at night to the military officers in our county (Burlington), directing
them to draft the militia, and prepare a number of men to go off as
soldiers. (ch. 5)
All
true Christians are of the same spirit, but their gifts are diverse,
Jesus Christ appointing to each one his peculiar office, agreeably to
His infinite wisdom. (ch. 5)
And
though none did openly justify the practice of slave-keeping in general,
yet some appeared concerned lest the meeting should go into such measures
as might give uneasiness to many brethren. (ch. 5)
Ch. VI
Friends move forward against slaveholding, step by step
It
is a weighty thing to speak much in large meetings for business.
(ch. 6)
It
was a time of deep exercise, but, looking often to the Lord for His
assistance, He in unspeakable kindness favoured us with the influence
of that Spirit which crucifies to the greatness and splendour of this
world, and enabled us to go through some heavy labours, in which we
found peace. (ch. 6)
In
the winter of this year, the smallpox being in our town, some things
were opened in my mind. (ch. 6)
Ch. VII
Traveling ministry; pressing his concerns about slavery
As
the present appearance of things is not joyous, I have been much shut
up from outward cheerfulness, remembering that promise, "Then shalt
thou delight thyself in the Lord." (ch. 7)
In
the heat of zeal, I made reply to what an ancient Friend said, and when
I sat down I saw that my words were not enough seasoned with charity.
(ch. 7)
I
told him I was free to have a conference with them all together in a
private house; or, if he thought they would take it unkind to be asked
to come together, I was free to spend some time amongst them, and to
visit them all in their own houses. (ch. 7)
I
considered that the formation of the earth, the seas, the islands, bays,
and rivers, the motions of the winds and great waters, which cause bars
and shoals in particular places, were all the works of Him who is perfect
wisdom and goodness. (ch. 7)
Appointing
meetings never appeared more weighty to me, and I was led into a deep
search whether in all things my mind was resigned to the will of God.
(ch. 7)
Ch. VIII
To an Indian village in perilous times
Do
I, in all my proceedings, keep to that use of things which is agreeable
to universal righteousness? (ch. 8)
Some
Friends were apprehensive that my wearing such a hat [the natural color
of the fur] savoured of an affected singularity; those who spoke with
me in a friendly way I generally informed, in a few words, that I believed
my wearing it was not in my own will. (ch. 8)
I
fell in company with some of those natives who lived on the east branch
of the river Susquehanna, at an Indian town called Wehaloosing, two
hundred miles from Philadelphia. (ch. 8)
When
I told my dear wife, she appeared to be deeply concerned about it; but
in a few hours' time my mind became settled in a belief that it was
my duty to proceed on my journey, and she bore it with a good degree
of resignation. (ch. 8)
Tenth
of Sixth Month. -- We set out early this morning and crossed the western
branch of Delaware, called the Great Lehie, near Fort Allen. (ch. 8)
Here
I was led into a close and labourious inquiry whether I, as an individual,
kept clear from all things which tended to stir up or were connected
with wars, either in this land or in Africa, (ch. 8)
Perceiving
there was a man near the door I went out; the man had a tomahawk wrapped
under his match-coat out of sight. As I approached him he took it in
his hand; I went forward. (ch. 8)
The
Indians knowing that this Moravian and I were of different religious
societies, and as some of their people had encouraged him to come and
stay awhile with them, they were, I believe, concerned that there might
be no jarring or discord in their meetings. (ch. 8)
We
reached Bethlehem on the 25th, taking care to keep foremost, and to
acquaint people on and near the road who these Indians were. (ch. 8)
Ch. IX
Further travelling ministry
Religious
conversation with a company met to see the tricks of a juggler.
(ch. 9)
Having
felt an openness in my heart towards visiting families in our own meeting,
and especially in the town of Mount Holly, the place of my abode, I
mentioned it at our Monthly Meeting. (ch. 9)
Through
the darkness of the times and the corruption of manners and customs,
some upright men may have had little more for their day's work than
to attend to the righteous principle in their minds as it related to
their own conduct in life. (ch. 9)
Coming
among people in outward ease and greatness, supported chiefly on the
labour of slaves, my heart was much affected, and in awful retiredness
my mind was gathered inward to the Lord. (ch. 9)
Ch. X
Plans to visit West Indies, but...
"I
believe it is required of me to be resigned to go on a visit to some
parts of the West Indies." (ch. 10)
My
mind was resigned, but I did not feel clearness to proceed. (ch. 10)
Ch. XI
The seafaring life, en route to England
A
Friend laid before me the great inconvenience attending a passage in
the steerage, which for a time appeared very discouraging to me.
(ch. 11)
How
lamentable is the present corruption of the world! How great is the
danger to which poor lads are exposed when placed on shipboard to learn
the art of sailing! (ch. 11)
They
mostly appeared to take kindly what I said to them; but their minds
were so deeply impressed with the almost universal depravity among sailors,
that the poor creatures in their answers to me have revived in my remembrance,
as repeated by Jeremiah the prophet, "There is no hope."
(ch. 11)
In
the love of money and in the wisdom of this world, business is proposed,
then the urgency of affairs pushes forward, and the mind cannot in this
state discern the good and perfect will of God concerning us. (ch. 11)
"No
man can see God and live."As death comes on our own wills, and
a new life is formed in us, the heart is purified and prepared to understand
clearly (ch. 11)
Ch. XII
Concerns for the labouring poor; Woolman's death
John
Woolman sat silent for a space, profoundly affected by the unfavourable
reception he met with, and his tears flowed freely. (Whittier's
note, ch. 12)
So
great is the hurry in the spirit of this world, that in aiming to do
business quickly and to gain wealth, the creation at this day doth loudly
groan. (ch. 12)
Friends
in early times refused on a religious principle to make or trade in
superfluities; but for want of faithfulness, some, whose examples were
of note in our Society, gave way, from which others took more liberty.
(ch. 12)
In
these journeys I have been where much cloth hath been dyed, and have,
at sundry times, walked over ground where much of their dye-stuffs has
drained away. (ch. 12)
Of
late I have sometimes felt a stop in the appointment of meetings, and
I do not feel liberty to appoint them so quickly, one after another,
as I have done heretofore. (ch. 12)
Woolman's
last days. (ch. 12)
Appreciation, by John G. Whittier
Appreciation, part two, on Woolman's continuing influence
The Testimony of Friends concerning John Woolman
Testimony
of Friends in Yorkshire (1773)
Testimony
of the Monthly Meeting of Friends, held in Burlington, NJ (1774)