A Little Bit of Runes: An Introduction to Norse Divination (Little Bit Series)
Author: Eason, Cassandra
Date: 2018-03-06
Publisher: Sterling Ethos
Rights: Copyright © 2018 Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.

A LITTLE BIT
OF

AN INTRODUCTION TO NORSE DIVINATION

CASSANDRA EASON

STERLING ETHOS and the distinctive Sterling Ethos logo are registered trademarks of Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.

Interior text © 2018 Cassandra Eason
Cover © 2018 Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (including electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise) without prior written permission from the publisher.

ISBN 978-1-4549-2866-9

For information about custom editions, special sales, and premium and corporate purchases, please contact Sterling Special Sales at 800-805-5489 or specialsales@sterlingpublishing.com.

sterlingpublishing.com

Cover design by Elizabeth Mihaltse Lindy

Image Credits
iStock: © ilbusca: xi; © PeterHermesFurian: 48; © ZU-09: viii Shutterstock (cover, throughout): Montebellow CA (wings); satit_srihin (border)

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

1 CHOOSING, MAKING, AND DEDICATING YOUR RUNES

2 THE FIRST AETT AND YOUR FIRST RUNE CASTING

3 CASTING AND INTERPRETING THE RUNES: BASIC METHODS

4 THE SECOND AETT: THE RUNES OF HEIMDALL

5 THE THIRD AETT: THE RUNES OF TIWAZ

6 MORE COMPLEX CASTS AND BASIC CASTING SPREADS

7 MORE COMPLEX RUNE SPREADS

8 RUNE MAGICK AND CREATING RUNIC OBJECTS

INTRODUCTION: THE WORLD OF RUNES

What are runes? Runes are distinctive angular markings, based on early rock symbols, that represent the concerns of humankind in age, home, family, travel, love, prosperity, change, health, and destiny fulfillment. Whether we believe our future is imposed by fate the deities, comes from within ourselves, or is a mixture of both, runes can be used to interpret our lives. To the Vikings, the runes also reflected the power of the sun that warmed the land after the cold winter; the stars, by which sailors navigated the oceans; the success of battles; colonizing new lands; and the magical trees whose growth and shedding leaves symbolized the human passage from birth to death.

Runes are found in many parts of the world where the early Vikings invaded, from Iceland, which they colonized in about 815 CE, to America, which was discovered in about 992 CE by Leif, son of the famed Erik the Red. The Vikings voyaged from Russia to what is now Turkey and Greece and even North Africa, as shown by stone monuments, graves, and artifacts marked with runes. These runic carvings are most often found on large inscribed stones, commemorating voyagers or marking the resting place of a fallen hero. These monolithic runestones have survived where almost all small individual sets of divinatory runes have perished. The longest runic inscription in the world is at Rök, close to Lake Vättern in the region of Östergötland in Sweden, and dates back to the 800s. It has seven different types of runic alphabets on it and was possibly created by a man named Varin to honor his dead son, Vämod. The creation of runestones continued into the Middle Ages. In America, the Kensington Runestone in Minnesota and the Heavener Runestone in Oklahoma, both dating to the 1300s, have now been validated as genuine.

RUNES THROUGH THE AGES

For rune sets used in divination, or future-predicting, each symbol is painted, carved, or etched into round stones, bones, wooden discs, or wooden staves. There are also some finely engraved amber sets, and some modern runes are painted or etched symbols on crystals.

Runes form a set of sixteen to thirty-six different symbols, depending on the particular region and time in which they were used. The Elder Futhark runes, used by the Vikings and described in this book, are the most usual, popular, and straightforward form to use. This version has twenty-four symbols, plus an optional blank stone.

The word rune stems from the ancient northern European languages, meaning a secret thing, a mystery. The secrets of the runes were passed on through the family by word of mouth, often from mother to daughter. However, runic symbols were not used for formal writing, which did not reach Scandinavia until the eleventh century. Christian monks first formally recorded what were up until then oral legends and lays. Indigenous chroniclers, such as the Icelandic historian and poet Snorri Sturluson, who died in 1241, also began recording the old myths a century or two later under Christian influence.

Despite the arrival of Christianity in Scandinavia, the magical tradition of runes continued until about 1500. The inscriptive use prevailed even longer among farmers, merchants, and clerics, especially in more remote places.

Runes can be used for divination, magic, or meditation, and when runic forms are combined as bind runes, they create a magical talisman of power or protection. Runes also form a magical alphabet for encoding and empowering magical wishes and spells.

Each symbol roughly corresponds to a letter in the English alphabet, which is described later in the book.

Runes are especially magical because each symbol, etched, drawn, or written on stone, crystal, or wood, contains the power of the meaning, unlike a tarot card, which is purely symbolic. Therefore, when a rune is chosen and interpreted as part of a reading or in magic, it not only gives a message, as in conventional divinatory methods, but it also releases the energies of the symbol into the life of the rune-caster or the person for whom the reading is being made.

THE HISTORY OF RUNES

The first runic symbols were often sacred signs associated with Nerthus, the original Mother Goddess of fertility, and have been discovered in ancient rock carvings in Sweden, dating from the Bronze Age (2300–1200 BCE). Early runic symbols relied on images, such as the six-pointed snowflake/star. Other images include the original Haeglaz, Haegl, or Hail, the rune of change and disruption; the Sun Wheel, Raidho, or Rad, the rune of action; and holy signs from the Bronze Age associated with the Mother Goddess and her consort. These signs often depicted the lozenge, Ingwaz, or Ing, the fertility god, and circles, spirals, and zigzags found in great quantity in ancient Swedish rock carvings.

The runic systems that are used today date from the second or third century BCE, when the Germanic peoples of the Middle Danube, where the modern systems seem to have originated, came into contact with the Mediterranean Etruscan alphabet system. Mediterranean people traded across Europe as far as the Baltic. The runes followed the trade routes, spread by the traders themselves who cast lots to discover propitious times for journeys and negotiations. We cannot be sure of which lands first influenced the others in the formation of the modern systems, because of the sheer number of invasions and trading between the Anglo-Saxon, Scandinavian, Baltic, and Icelandic regions. Variations in the legends behind the runes give different names for the deities. For example, Woden is the Anglo-Saxon name for the Viking Odin; Frige for the Viking Frigga, who was Odin’s wife and patroness of women, marriage, and housewives; and Thunor, the thunder god, the equivalent of the Norse Thor who was of greater importance in Anglo-Saxon cosmology than he was in Viking cosmology. The runes also have slightly different names in the different systems, though their meanings remain similar.

CASTING RUNES IN ANCIENT TIMES

In The Germania, written in 98 CE, Roman author Tacitus described the customs of the ancient Germanic peoples, recording how a white cloth was used for throwing what appear to be rune staves. Tacitus explained how a branch would be cut from a nut-bearing tree and markings etched into rune-slips. These were cast and interpreted either by a priest or the father of the family or clan, who, according to Tacitus, “offers a prayer to the gods and, looking up to the sky, picks up three strips one at a time and reads their meanings from the signs previously scored on them.”

Tacitus also records that women were involved in auguries, or divination from omens, of all kinds. From popular folk legends in Scandinavia, it seems the spákona or völva, a female diviner, would tap into the Orlog, the universal laws, and would use runes as a means of discovering future paths of individuals or the whole clan. Some seið, or Norse witches, also carved wooden runes for spell casting and for throwing wooden rune-slips or staves into water.

Edda, another name for the ancient Norse Mother Earth, was the goddess of all divinatory arts, and it was after her that the great sagas, or eddas, of the Viking and Icelandic world were named. Rune casting was often dedicated to her, especially when the runes were cast onto the ground, a method described later in the book.

Wives, sisters, and mothers of men about to leave for conquest or trade or to herd the wild cattle, chanted magical incantations as they carved runes and created rune amulets to protect their departing men. Women were respected for their prophetic powers throughout Scandinavia and the Anglo-Saxon lands, and no expedition, whether for trade or battle, took place without first casting the runes. A rune mistress was described in the Saga of Erik the Red. The Saga is preserved in two manuscripts: Hauksbók (fourteenth century) and Skálholtsbók (fifteenth century).

She wore a cloak set with stones along the hem. Around her neck and covering her head she wore a hood lined with white cat skins. In one hand she carried a staff with a knob on the end and from her belt, holding together her long dress, hung a charm pouch.

HOW DO WE KNOW WHAT THE RUNES MEAN?

Much of the modern interpretation of runes is based on a series of old rune poems. The three best-known ones are the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem (also Old English Rune Poem), the Old Norse Rune Poem (also Viking Rune Poem), and the Icelandic Rune Poem. Written down by Christian monks, they are of great value. Because of the similarity in systems, we can gain knowledge from each one. In addition, the old myths and legends fill in the gaps and help us understand the context of the runes. But all these meanings are just the basic template. The more you use runes, the less you will rely on set meanings and the more they will act as a channel for your own spontaneously emerging clairvoyant powers. I have consulted translations of all three Rune Poems, and learned the old legends. I studied, taught, and wrote about runes extensively in Sweden for more than ten years, encountering many who still privately practice the old ways.

ODIN AND THE RUNES

As suggested earlier, it is likely that the runes were originally a tradition based around Nerthus, the Earth Goddess. One poem tells the mythical story of how Odin discovered the runes’ wisdom. The fascinating aspect is that even Odin, the Father God Supreme, had to surrender himself to the deeper, older wisdom of the universe if he was to get in touch with these greater powers contained within the runes. Though there are many variations of this poem, it generally, from Odin’s perspective, says:

“For nine nights long

Pierced by a spear

I hung upon [Yggdrasil, the World Tree]

. . .

None brought me bread

None gave me mead

Down to the depths I searched

Until I spied the Runes

I seized them up

And, screaming, I fell.”

HOW RUNES CAN HELP US WITH DECISION-MAKING TODAY

Though runes were in ancient times believed to reveal the will of the deities in making decisions, the Vikings had a remarkably modern outlook on life. They believed that fate was not fixed, but made up of our actions and choices, both past and present, as well as those of our families and ancestors, who influenced us both genetically and by the attitudes they passed on.

Today, we have the same basic concerns about family and home, surviving financially, love, and our place in the sun. And, like the old Scandinavians, we can still draw a circle in the earth or picture an imaginary one on a table and use our deep wisdom to interpret the particular runes we cast into the circle, an act that almost always instantly makes matters clear.

USING THE RUNES

Though this book offers a remarkably simple system to learn, each rune is a doorway into your own intuitive wisdom, as well as the wisdom and magic of the ancient worlds.

When you choose a rune, hold it and allow images, words, and feelings from your inner deep well of wisdom (the Norse Well of Destiny, or Wyrd) and from all who have used the runes over many hundreds of years, to speak to you in your mind and heart. As I said earlier, each rune is more than a symbol. They contain within themselves the power of their meaning and so, in addition to revealing answers to questions, reading runes can also empower you with strength, healing, and courage.

By saying the name of the rune, writing it, or wearing it as an amulet, the power or protection inherent in the symbol is intrinsically activated.

We choose the runes we need to answer our questions by drawing them seemingly at random from a bag, because our subconscious mind guides our hand to the runes that hold the key to the messages we need to receive.

PREDICTING THE FUTURE

The runes do not predict a set future, because our future depends on so many variables, but they can indicate potential paths we can choose to follow. In the Norse tradition, the three Norns, or goddesses of destiny, were believed to guard the Well of Wyrd at the foot of the first root of Yggdrasil, the World Tree (see page xiv). It was here that the gods met each morning for council and the Norns nourished the tree with water from the spring. The first Norn is called Urdhr, and she talks of the past, which in the Norse ancient tradition influences not only our own present and future, but that of our descendants in the attitudes we pass on and the way we raise children, both personally and as a society.

The second Norn, Verdandi, talks of present deeds and influences that are strongly implicated in our future direction and are in themselves sometimes influenced by automatic responses to past situations or hurts that cloud our judgment.

Skuld, the third Norn, talks of what will come to pass, given the intricate web of past and present interaction. Our future fate, or orlag, is constantly being changed as each new day adds to the web of interaction. And so the old ideas of the Viking runes do make sense in the twenty-first century. At every point, even those times where blind fate seemingly brings a disaster or unexpected disruption to our comfort zone, casting the runes gives us insight into likelihoods and possibilities of each future path we may take, often ones we had not even considered.

THE POWER OF THE RUNES

Norse magic has much in common with that of the Ancient Egyptians, who believed that each hieroglyph not only represented an object or idea, but also held within it the power of its meaning. Saying the name of the rune, writing it, or wearing it as an amulet can likewise evoke the power or protection. Runes are an excellent form of magic, healing, and talismanic power.

In Chapter 1, I will explain how you can easily make and dedicate your own runes or buy a set and, in both cases, dedicate it to your work.

If you are buying a set of runes, you will need to choose a Viking or Elder Futhark set that consists of twenty-four runes plus a blank. You can obtain crystal, wooden, stone, or metal runes, and you can buy them on the Internet or through mail order. If you go to a small personalized website, often you will find runes made by craftspeople who love what they create. Their runes will not necessarily be expensive, but will contain the passion of the creator. Buy these if possible rather than a mass-produced set. Runes almost always come with a bag, but you may wish to buy a special one.

If you prefer, spend time in a town or city where there are New Age stores. Take your time and do not feel pressured into buying an expensive set you do not like.

You may occasionally find a variant in one or two runes in your purchased set that differs from the traditional Elder Futhark, as sometimes the makers can substitute an Icelandic or Anglo-Saxon rune, or even an alternative symbol used in a particular region. In this case, lay out all the runes as shown on page 3 and match them with their names. See which ones differ, and you can then read the leaflet that always accompanies a rune set to see which of the remaining runes matches closest the meaning of the missing Viking rune. Designate one of the true Elder Futhark names for each missing rune (there should not be more than two in your purchased set, and hopefully this won’t happen at all). Scribble in this book the rune symbol you are using to represent the true Elder Futhark Viking one.

MAKING YOUR OWN RUNES

Best of all, make your own. It’s very easy and needs no artistic skill. The runes were originally drawn using rough tools on stone or wood, as they were often cast into flowing water after interpreting them and had to be replaced before the next rune reading. Runes consist of very simple straight lines. Just try copying the runes from this table into a notebook. This also gives their names, but you need not learn them yet. We’ll do that in the following chapters.

In the following chapters I will explain the significance of each rune in a reading. You can, if you wish, read about each aett (set of eight runes) before you draw it and extend your work over a number of days.

Traditionally, runes are made just before sunset, the beginning of the Old Norse day, and, if possible, outdoors. On each of your runes draw one of the symbols listed on page 3. The twenty-four runic symbols can be drawn or painted on stone or crystal, or drawn, carved, or burned on a twig or flat piece of wood.

Choosing the Right Materials

You can use stones from a seashore, riverbank, or hillside. Finding them provides a perfect excuse for a day spent outdoors choosing your special stones so that each one feels right.

First, practice copying the runes from the chart above in a thin marker pen on paper. Try starting each symbol in different places and you will soon find the natural way to draw them in one single movement.

You need twenty-five flat pebbles, each about the size of a large coin, all the same size, shape, and color. Pick a few extras to keep as spares, as individual runes can easily get misplaced.

You will mark one side with the appropriate runic symbol, and the other side will be left blank, so each rune will need to have a reasonably flat and wide surface on which to draw with a marker pen, correcting fluid, or paint and a brush. Later you might like to craft a special set, painting crystals, or etching the signs into wooden discs—a sliced broom handle cut into twenty-five separate discs of even size gives you an ideal shape for your runes—and then painting the indentations. Some people varnish their runes, but it is a matter of choice. If you are skilled in handicrafts, you could make metal ones yourself.

You could even use self-hardening clay and etch the rune symbol in the clay using a small screwdriver or paper knife.

By selecting what are to become your own runes, not a set made by someone else for you, you are crafting part of your essential self, and the more you use them the more they will reflect your inner wisdom.

Red is the traditional color used to mark the symbols on the stones or wooden discs, but some people consider black clearer on light stones and gold on darker stones or clay. Leave the twenty-fifth rune blank on both sides.

RUNE STAVES

You can make rune staves from twigs that need not be more than four to five inches (10–12 cm) long and just wide enough to etch the symbol on one side. You might like to use one of the traditional runic trees, like the pine, the ash, the birch, or the yew, but any dry, firm wood will do. Make sure all your twigs are the same size. Scrape away the bark at the top and etch on each. Or use an engraving tool or penknife to cut the symbol and paint it red or black.

Runic staves are especially lovely when they are cast in a forest clearing in a circle made from leaves or twigs or drawn in the earth.

RUNE DEDICATION

Whether you’re using runes for magic spells or healing, as charms or protective amulets, or for divination, you need to dedicate your runes for use when you first make them and again before any particularly significant rune casting. Also dedicate them when filling a rune symbol with power for a specific magical healing or talismanic purpose as a charm or protective amulet. I will explain the differences between charms and amulets in the final chapter of the book.

You can dedicate the individual aett (set of eight runes) separately by setting the runes in a circle around a red candle, calling, as you light the candle, on the power and protection of the aett’s own special Norse deity or power. The correct plural is aettir, but aetts may sound more natural to the non-Viking ear.

For example, for the first aett of Freya, the first eight runes listed on page 3, you would say, These are for Freya, Mistress of all Enchantment, who brings beauty and magic into the world.

Freya was said to have taught magic to the other deities, including Odin.

For the second eight runes or aett of Heimdall, you would say, These are for Heimdall, the Protector, who offers protection from all fears and harm.

For the third eight runes or aett of Tyr, you would say, These are for Tyr, the Spirit Warrior and Starry One, who brings courage and justice into the world.

Or if you prefer to dedicate all three aetts together in a circle, light the red candle in the center of the rune circle and, as you light the candle, name in turn starting with Freya the rulers of all three aetts.

If you are dedicating the aetts separately, add the twenty-fifth rune that is blank on both sides to the end of the aett of Tyr, making nine runes in total for that set.

You can perform the ceremony outdoors on the ground, on a square or rectangular stone, called in the Old Norse world the harrow, or altar. A piece of slate or a rectangular metal tray is ideal if you are working indoors (gold-colored is best).

For a single rune for empowerment for magic, healing, or as a charm, dedicate it to the guardian of the aett to which it belongs.

To use a hammer of Thor (the thunder god who protected the gods from the Frost Giants with his magical hammer), you can often buy a small silver ornamental hammer or use an ordinary small hammer, and very gently bring it down three times in front of the rune/rune circle.

Say, after each bang of the hammer, I made/bought this rune/these runes and seek to seal with magic fire protection and power within. May the wise deities of old and all the powers of Light protect, empower, and bless my work.

Horizontally place the hammer behind the candle inside the rune circle.

Face the candle flame and say, I call on Freya the Radiant, Heimdall the Protector, and Tyr the Good to fill with cosmic fire my rune(s) that I may use them with wisdom and for the right purpose.

Now sprinkle three circles of salt outside the rune circle or around the individual rune.

Light a sage smudge stick or pine incense stick with the candle, and spiral it around the outside of the runes and salt circles, saying softly and continuously, nine times, By Odin the Father and Frigga the Mother of All, may these runes be blessed by you also and always used for the highest purpose and for the greatest good.

Odin was the Father God of the Asgard, the highest order of gods who are credited with discovering the runes. Frigga was the mother goddess and mistress of prophecy.

If you wish, the first time you dedicate your runes, lift each rune in turn over the candle, saying, Protect, empower, and bring blessings by Freya, Heimdall, and wise Tyr.

If time is short, put all the runes in a heatproof dish and pass that over the candle.

Return the rune to its place around the candle, or set the dish of runes in front of the candle and leave it there until the candle is burned through.

PREPARING A RUNE BAG

You will need a bag of a natural red fabric in which to keep each set of runes, and a small bag for carrying a single rune as an amulet or charm.

A drawstring bag is best, so that the runes do not fall out in transit. You can feel into the bag, using the hand with which you write, to select your runes by physical touch. Even if you buy a set, you may wish to choose or make your own bag. Some commercial rune-set bags are too small to allow you to insert your hand and feel the runes, in order to select by psychic touch, or psychokinesis, the runes that will best answer your questions. Each time you learn a rune, add it to the bag. The more runes you use for your rune-of-the-day selection, a process I will describe in the next chapter, the more amazingly predictive it becomes.

MAKING A RUNE-CASTING CLOTH

Traditionally, runes are cast or thrown within a circle that indoors can be about fifty centimeters (20 in) in diameter, or up to two meters (6.5 feet) outdoors, though some people just cast them on the ground or a table. Do what feels right after you have experimented with different methods. Alternatively, you can use rune layouts where the runes are selected but not thrown.

Experiment to find the right size of cloth for you. Some people like to carry a portable rune-casting cloth in their rune bag, already marked with a circle, for casting runes where it is not practical to mark a circle on the ground. Others leave a cloth ready in a special place used for rune casting.

To make a permanent cloth as opposed to drawing an instant one on paper or visualizing the circle, buy a large square piece of cloth in a light color and draw, paint, or sew a circle about fifty centimeters (20 in) in diameter on which to cast your runes.

You can also improvise indoors. One method to do so is by using a circle drawn with a stick in a large sandbox you keep for rune work (draw a fresh circle each time). You can also form a circle from tiny crystals or pebbles, again in a sandbox. Making it before you begin helps to focus on the casting.

Outdoors, you can make a permanent or temporary circle anywhere with a surface you can mark in chalk, such as on a piece of slate, in a yard, with a stick on sand, earth, or snow, or with crystals on pebbles or grass. Agates and jaspers, especially in red or earth colors, are particularly effective crystals to use in a rune circle. You can pick up shells by the ocean to create the circle or draw it in sand.

RECORDING YOUR READINGS

As you work, you will find that the readings are like a diary, reflecting significant events or decisions in your own life and the lives of those for whom you regularly read the runes. Even if you don’t go professional, you will find friends of friends and colleagues are lining up for consultations.

Sometimes it may not be for days or weeks that the full significance of a reading becomes clear, and it is all too easy to forget small details. You can use a loose-leaf folder and keep a supply of ready-drawn pages of circles so you can mark the positions of the runes, including those which were facedown, which signifies a matter not yet emerging or which the recipient of the reading finds difficult to face. Note how the cast runes clustered or scattered, as you can often observe from this that what appear to be unrelated matters are in fact connected. Record any runes that did not fall on the cloth or within your visualized circle, and so were not read, and any intuitive impressions you received as you held each rune.

You can also note down the rune that you will pick each day once you have learned the first aett. You may find a pattern emerging that can indicate areas of your life that need input or urgent action.

In the next chapter, we will learn the first set of runes, the aett of Freya, and how to select a rune every day to guide you through the mood and events of the day ahead.

In this chapter, I will explain the ancient and modern meanings of the first aett of Viking runes. The meaning of each rune changes depending on whether it’s cast symbol-side up or blank-side up. Consider the aspects of whichever side of the rune falls uppermost.

THE AETT OF FREYA, GODDESS OF BEAUTY, ENCHANTMENT, FERTILITY, LOVE

Rune 1: Fehu, or Cattle, Movable Wealth (such as Money, Possessions)

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Prosperity, especially through your own endeavors, financial security, successful property negotiations, the reduction of financial problems, unexpected good luck

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: The price that must be paid for change or happiness

The basic meaning of Fehu is wealth, especially in the sense of money or assets built up through hard work and used when needed. Cattle were a mobile asset, as the Vikings took them along to the new lands. But the Old Norse Rune Poem warns that [greed for] money causes strife among kinsfolk, and so we should not be obsessed with making or holding on to money at the price of happiness.

This rune often appears in readings. Consider whether it relates to issues of emotional, rather than financial, security and whether the true picture is being revealed. If the blank side appears, there may be questions surrounding divorce or family inheritances.

What Fehu means in a reading

This is a good time for any speculation or money-making schemes, especially involving ventures further from home (including via the Internet) and an improvement in any money worries.

The blank side says to balance financial or worldly security loss against peace of mind and freedom to live our own way. Not an easy decision, but future joy may be worth the price, both actual and emotional. If this change is not immediately possible, try to build up financial stability so you can move on when the time is right.

Rune 2: Uruz, or the Aurochs, Huge Wild Oxen

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Strength, courage, overcoming all obstacles, successful business risks and speculation, improving health, a sudden breakthrough when all seems hopeless

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Facing huge odds against you, feeling pressured down a road you don’t want to follow

The aurochs were huge, wild, very fierce oxen, whose horns were, according to myth, worn on the Viking helmets and engraved with the Uruz rune to give the strength of the aurochs to warriors.

The Old Norse and Icelandic Rune Poems talk of refinement by suffering using the images of iron. They tell us even the most seemingly insurmountable obstacles can be overcome through determination, strength, and endurance. Sometimes we should push forward in blind faith.

What Uruz means in a reading

Uruz refers to people or situations that block our way forward, either at work or at home. Sometimes, however, the obstacles are within us, manifesting as a fear of failing or of not being clever or worthy enough to try. Whether inner or outer resistance, seize your courage and, if necessary, be more persistent or assertive than usual—remember those charging herds.

The blank side tells us we may be putting up obstacles without realizing it, because we don’t want to do things we feel we ought to or are told are good for us. Ask yourself if you are feeling pressured for changes you don’t want. Your choice, your call.

Rune 3: Thurisaz, or the Hammer of Thor, the Thunder God, the Thorn

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Passion, protection, overcoming challenges and hostility or bullying, potency, successfully challenging an outmoded or corrupt status quo

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Secrecy and unresolved conflicts, over-protectiveness, fear of showing your true self and taking a chance

This is the rune of the thorn, and it is associated both with the thorn as a protective tree and with Thor, the god of thunder. In the Norse and Icelandic Rune Poems, Thurisaz is associated with the Thurs, the Frost Giants who Thor protected Asgard, realm of the Gods, from with his magical hammer. Thor’s hammer also acted as a sacred symbol at marriages, births, and funerals.

The Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem relates how the thorn is sharp to grasp, but it offers protection to the vulnerable flower or fruit on a tree or bush. Like Thor’s hammer, it can keep away those that would do us harm.

When Thurisaz appears in a reading

Thurisaz says we should deal with each irritation and injustice as it comes, calmly and firmly. This is better than allowing bullies to remain unchallenged or letting resentment fester until we respond in a totally inappropriate way or turn our unexpressed anger in on ourselves.

Beware also of hidden spite and barbs toward you, which can be expressed in the blank side of the rune. But also, if the blank side appears, do not be afraid to show your true self and risk rejection, especially if you have been hurt in love. So too should we avoid being overprotective of loved ones because we fear unnecessarily for their physical safety or emotional well-being.

Rune 4: Ansuz, or Odin, a God, Mouth, “Voice of the Universe”

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Inspiration, continuing or reviving good luck, passing tests and examinations or interviews, for all literary and artistic ventures, and a chance to take the lead/promotion

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Autocracy, inflexibility, dishonesty, giving mixed messages

Ansuz is the rune of Odin the All-Father, and also of growing authority and embracing leadership or launching major dreams and ambitions. As the rune of the mouth, Ansuz favors clear communication on every level by saying calmly but firmly what you truly need and feel in both personal and work relationships.

Indeed, the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem says that the mouth is the origin of every speech and the mainstay of wisdom. This is a warning indeed to watch our words and consider their effect before speaking critically or angrily and to test the truth of what is being said or written.

When Ansuz appears in a reading

This is an excellent rune for the self-employed or those contemplating self-employed business ventures and creative projects. Go for that big break, that promotion, or launch your creative ventures when the time is favorable.

If there are conflicts at work or home, reasoned dialogue and persuasion are the way forward—not unconsidered action or uncontrolled emotions to settle misunderstandings.

The blank side warns that we may be stuck in an old dialogue unresolved in the past. We may not be hearing what others, especially loved ones, are really saying, because we are being sidetracked by the old put-downs and rejections in our head.

Rune 5: Raidho, or Riding, the Sun Wheel and the Wheel on the Wagon

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Successful journeys, travel, relocation, taking the initiative, seizing an opportunity

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Waiting for the ideal moment to act, which may never come, an inner restlessness leading to unwise change in the outer world for its own sake

Opportunities are at hand that may mean leaving your comfort zone, but which ultimately offer future success and fulfillment.

The old Rune Poems contrast the ease of the ancient warriors in their halls, talking about old victories and battles with the cold world outside where action is needed. We must do what we want now rather than using phrases like “if only” and “one of these days,” whether the move is an inner shift, a major job change, relocation, or visiting where you have always wanted to go. Reach out for what you most want—now.

When Raidho appears in a reading

When Raidho appears, we can’t sit around waiting for the sun to shine and happiness or fortune to fall into our hands, but must seize an opportunity that may involve effort and uncertainty. We can chart our own course and decide our destiny. Travel and career opportunities, relocation, and house moves will bring advantage, but there is the need to maybe take the harder but more rewarding path. If things are bad, this is a promise of better times coming.

Others may not approve of changes we need to make, so leave negative people and situations behind.

The blank side says that we may, with the best intentions, be living the dreams of others (many a parent has forced a child onto an unsuitable path as a way of fulfilling his or her own unsatisfied desires). But if you are discontented, be sure the change is outer circumstances and not a problem within that you will take with you.

Rune 6: Kenaz, or the Torch

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Listening to our inner voice; creativity and inspiration for new solutions to old problems; the conception of a child (especially after difficulties)

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Unwelcome intrusion; ignoring intuition; accepting second-best in life and love; unwise romantic and sexual liaisons

Kenaz is one of the fire runes, representing the fire that lit the great halls as well as more humble abodes.

Kenaz is that inner flame we all possess and, once kindled, we can access the inspiration within that leads us to fulfill our inner potential and follow our dreams. All the fire runes talk of the kindling of love and passion for life—and for expressing our unique qualities in whatever way we choose.

When Kenaz appears in a reading

Kenaz says that if you are deciding between two options, or the way is not clear, a third previously unconsidered way ahead will suddenly appear.

Listen to your inner voice and intuition, as it is your greatest guide to the intentions of others and tells us what we really want and feel. You will find that if you dismiss doubts you will get a chance to fulfill a long-awaited dream.

Love may be around or, if you have it, a renewal of passion if things have become mundane. Kenaz also promises the resolution to a long-standing problem that will develop suddenly.

Its blank side warns against accepting second best in life or love. What we regret is what we never tried. However, avoid unwise temptation in love if you have a good, even if temporarily dull, relationship; try to revive what you have.

Rune 7: Gebo, or the Gift

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Joy in relationships, especially concerning fidelity or commitment issues; marriage; generosity; all matters relating to fair exchanges (including contracts); an unexpected blessing or bonus in your life; a birth in the family

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Meanness; lack of commitment in others; giving too much to those who are not worthy, especially in love or to family members

Gebo is the rune of generosity, not only in material terms but also in time and resources, sharing information, and successful group projects or family enterprises. It is the rune of emotional and sexual commitment, happy marriage, fidelity and growing joy in existing relationships, happy family gatherings and celebrations, seeking and receiving mutual respect in all our interactions, and the growth of trust. A lucky time for receiving unexpected financial bonuses, rebates, gifts, and inheritances for happy reasons.

When Gebo appears in a reading

If you are naturally generous, Gebo reminds us this may be a time to ask for help from others if you are feeling overburdened. It may be important to allow others to give to us, as we can sometimes create resentment if we do not graciously accept the gifts or contributions of others.

When the blank side appears, you may love and give too much and be taken for granted, especially with family, friends, and colleagues who expect you to do more than your share or constantly ask for money or help and never repay. Are you unconsciously allowing or encouraging others to take indiscriminately from you to feel wanted? How can you nurture yourself, especially if you constantly fall for partners who let you down, use, abuse, or abandon you?

Rune 8: Wunjo, or Joy

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Personal happiness, joy, developing personal interests, seeking recognition of your worth by others, drawing boundaries around yourself if others seek to take over your life, independence, happy solo vacations

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Trying to please everyone, letting others put you down, selfishness

Wunjo represents happiness through developing self-confidence and self-esteem, and through one’s own efforts rather than through others. It represents establishing your separate unique self, even if you are in a happy relationship.

Although this rune appears only in the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, the poem speaks of “one who knows few” or “little of” troubles. The second translation makes more sense, suggesting that those who have experienced hardships know the importance of taking everyday self-generated happiness as it comes.

When Wunjo appears in a reading

Ask what would make you happy and fulfilled now rather than focusing on making others happy or expecting life to provide bounties and make you happy.

For only by being happy in ourselves can we give happiness to others. Take up new interests and drop those that have become obligations. Develop your unique gifts and make your working life more as you want it. Rewards and dividends for past investments and hard work will manifest within six months of the reading. Like Ansuz, this rune indicates successful self-employment or working independently within an organization.

If the blank side appears, your identity may have become blurred. Maybe you want to move on in your life and spend more time alone, whether on a solo vacation or more permanently. Is the fear of being alone preventing you from seeking what you want? If you are trying to please everyone and acting as referee in family, workplace, or social quarrels, step back.

YOUR RUNE OF THE DAY

Once you have made and read about the first eight runes, you can place them in your bag. Each morning, draw one out without looking. Even though you are not using the full set, it will still give you a sense of the energies of the day ahead.

If the same rune appears two or three times in a week, it clearly is an issue you need to address.

Note whether your daily rune appears symbol or blank-side up, as this will suggest the strengths and qualities that will be of most help in overcoming challenges you are facing. To inspire you, take your rune of the day to work or out with you to absorb the power or protection inherent in the symbol. Remember to get up ten minutes early so you can hold your rune of the day and allow images, words, or impressions to form in your mind. If it is a dark morning, light a white candle.

In the next chapter, we will learn different ways of casting the runes.

Runes are traditionally cast at sunset or sunrise, but you can work with them at any time. Casting means throwing the runes into a circle, actual or visualized, rather than selecting them in a preordained format. To begin, use the first aett in a three-runes cast. However, as you learn the other two aetts, you can reread this chapter. It contains all you need to know about casting the runes.

CASTING THE RUNES

In the evening, light four alternating red and white candles in a row behind your rune-casting area. Burn incense.

If rune casting outdoors, try to find a place where there are trees or bushes so you can be private. Though you can cast the runes anywhere, the more you work in a space, indoors or out, the more powerfully the rune energies build up in subsequent casts. In good weather, outdoor rune casting is extra-magical. You can read just as accurately for yourself as for others.

Preparing for a Rune Cast

It is a good idea to formulate an initial question or area of concern before casting, though this may not prove to be the underlying issue once you read the runes that have been cast.

If you are creating a temporary rune circle, create it while formulating your question or area of concern. If you are reading for someone else, ask him or her to hold the rune bag and talk about the question as you set up the circle.

If you are creating a more complex circle—such as one made of shells, small crystals, or stones—ask the questioner to help you, thus endowing the circle with your joint psyches.

Some people may not want a physical circle, but prefer to visualize the outline of a circle for casting runes.

The Casting

Kneel or sit about fifty centimeters (20 in) away from your rune cloth or circle, whether indoors or out.

Allow your mind to go blank as you cast the runes, rather than thinking about the issue further.

Take three staves or rune discs from the bag, selecting the three that feel right, purely on touch. Take your time.

Holding the runes in the hand you write with (sometimes called your power hand), cast your chosen runes into the circle, either one at a time or all three together.

If the issue is complex or urgent, you can do readings with six or nine runes chosen in the same way. In this case, cast two or three lots of three in total, casting each set of three into the circle, one set after the other. Again, cast only one rune at a time or three together after allowing yourself or the person for whom you are reading to make the choice of each three from the rune bag. Take your time in selecting your triplicate(s).

For a relatively straightforward question or if you do not have much time, three runes may often be sufficient, selected eventually from all twenty-five runes.

Interpreting the Reading

Whether you have cast three, six, or nine runes, the method of interpretation is the same.

Read the runes in approximately the order you cast them (including the ones that are blank-side up); decide intuitively, or ask your questioner to choose, which is the first key rune. Continue in this way until all are read.

Runes near the center of the circle, actual or visualized, tend to be core issues or refer to the questioner’s essential self or inner world.

The farther out in the circle the runes lie, the more other people or circumstances influence the matters in question.

Runes that fall outside the circle, in the area called Isa or Ice (a rune name you will learn later), suggest a waiting period in your life before their influence may be felt or the changes they predict will take effect. This is not necessarily stagnation, but can allow seeds for the future to grow. If, however, all the runes fall outside the circle, note the meanings, return these runes to the bag, and recast until you get at least one in the circle. If none fall in the circle after three casts, leave the reading for another day.

Next, look whether you have more marked or blank sides up. More symbols facing up indicate the matter is one for action or a clear issue, whereas blank sides suggest that hidden factors dominate.

Note the positions of the runes in relation to one another. If clustered, they are connected. If one falls on top of another, the area indicated by the dominant rune is overriding or obscuring others. This will obviously be clearer the more runes you cast, but even if three runes scatter to different parts of the circle, there may be several unrelated issues or the questioner may, like the runes, be feeling fragmented or torn in different directions by people.

Then, in turn, hold each rune in the order they were cast or the order you or the questioner choose to read them, and allow any intuitive information to emerge. This may be presented as images, impressions, or words that come into your mind.

Hold any blank-side-up runes a little longer than symbol-side-up ones and visualize a misty clearing so that the underlying factor can spontaneously form as images or impressions. Only then apply the meaning of the rune from the ideas you have learned and see where the information fits into the emerging picture.

If reading for someone else whom you feel may like some input, ask him or her to hold each rune immediately after you do and then add their own psychic impressions, as often even those who have never had a rune reading will have input related to their current situation or a future decision once you explain the basic rune meaning.

Finally, put all the rune meanings together, either as a story, or by drawing the symbols on paper and linking them with lines, like a web. Allow your intuition to guide you.

Return each rune back to its place in the circle after the individual interpretation, or deliberately move the position. For example, if one covers another and you no longer want its dominance in your life, this is a way of making a definite decision.

You may like to record readings with quick diagrams of the resulting actions taken and their ultimate outcome.

The Blank Side of the Rune

When the blank side of the rune falls face-up, especially if blank sides are predominant in the cast, you may know what you are hiding or what you cannot bring into your life right now. Ask yourself or the questioner if this reaction is valid and, if not, what holds you back. It may be that it is not the right time for necessary change. Perhaps other people or circumstances are holding you back and you need to act more decisively and risk disapproval as the price for freedom (look out for Fehu, the price you have to pay, in such a reading). On the other hand, you may discover that you have set yourself on a path that you know you don’t want.

If you feel ready, return the blank-sided rune back to the cast, this time with the blank side up, and decide what turning over the rune in the cast would mean in your life. Sometimes you’ll want to cover it up again if you’re not quite ready to face an issue.

AN ALTERNATIVE METHOD OF CASTING RUNES

This method works very well with long wooden rune staves, especially if you are outdoors, but you can also use this method with smaller round runes. While it is best with all twenty-five runes, it will also work with the first aett. Create your circle and put your runes in a canister with a lid.

This time, kneel or sit about three feet (36 in) away from the circle. If you are using staves outdoors, you can make or visualize a circle up to six feet (72 in) in diameter for this kind of cast.

Either take the lid off of your canister and shake it toward the cloth, allowing the staves to scatter in the circle, or, holding all the staves between your clasped hands, fling them outward and upward toward the circle. Alternatively, kneel right at the edge of the circle and vigorously shake the canister. If the runes are meant to fall outside the circle, they will, regardless of the method. Ignore any staves or runes that fall outside the circle, whether these are on the cloth or on the ground.

Read only those runes that fall face-up, and if you have all blank runes, then leave the reading for another day.

A Cast of Three

I’ll use an example where three runes were cast to answer a question using the first method described in this chapter. With a cast of three, if an answer is not clear, you can add either three or six additional runes. (The addition of six runes would make it a cast of nine.)

Joanne has a successful career in a bank, but she longs to move to the countryside to the cottage her late aunt has left her, which has a magnificent garden. Like her aunt, Joanne is a keen herbalist and believes she can create a range of natural beauty and healing products that will form the basis of a new kind of business for her.

However, her boyfriend Gary is very much against the plan. He wants to buy an apartment in the city near the bank where they both work, though he could easily commute from the cottage. Joanne casts Fehu, or prosperity, security especially concerning property, and mobile skills. She then casts Uruz, which is hidden and indicates undue pressure not to fulfill her dreams. Her third rune is Raidho, the risky but ultimately fulfilling future that should not be delayed.

Fehu represents Joanne’s future security; the cottage is in her name and Gary is very controlling over money. She worries that, when they have a family, Gary may be less than generous if she doesn’t work outside the home and that this would be an ideal place to bring up children and earn a home-based income.

Since Fehu is near the middle of the circle, it is a key rune. Interestingly, as Joanne held the rune, she was drawn to the blank side, the price she would have to pay either by losing her dream and her future home-based career or by facing the disapproval of Gary, who says the city apartment will increase in value. So there’s a lot bubbling under the surface.

Because the Fehu rune is close to the center of the circle, Joanne knows that her decision is vital to her happiness and that if she doesn’t follow her dream, she will lose part of herself.

Uruz, the obstacle rune, reveals the fears she has that Gary will leave her, as he has hinted quite strongly. The hidden aspect of Uruz suggests that the issue may be deeper than it seems—and that what is at stake here is her whole future with a man whom she loves but who has always put his plans and needs first.

Joanne explained to me that she felt guilty because her late father had been a bank manager and the family had expected her, as the only child, to follow in her father’s footsteps. However, she hated her job and felt that she was with Gary because he was like her father and she felt obliged to fit into her family’s expectations, which coincided with Gary’s dreams. She and her aunt were the black sheep of the family and she felt that her aunt, who didn’t like Gary, was offering her a way out or a chance for Gary to prove his love.

Raidho, the rune of the rough ride or change involving difficulty or hard work, is nearer the edge of the circle. Joanne knows her own family will object to her plans to keep the cottage and that they see Gary as a good match for her. Joanne knows her plans might be considered risky, but she feels she is stagnating in her present life, so she decides to go for the exciting option.

In the end, Gary refused to go with her and, in a remarkably short time, was dating another assistant manager at the bank. But, for the first time in ages, Joanne is happy and free. She met a gardener who shares her passion for plants.

In the next chapter, we will work with the second aett of Heimdall, the Protector.

By now you are becoming familiar with casting the runes. We will add the next aett so readings become even more focused and in-depth. As you learn each rune, add it to your rune bag.

Once you have learned this second aett, you can cast six or even nine runes, using either method suggested in the previous chapter.

MORE ON THE RUNE OF THE DAY

If you repeatedly pick the same rune on the same day of the week or the month, work out what is happening. Do you have to interact with a certain relative on these days? Does an intimidating supervisor visit your workplace? Change your tactics if you cannot avoid the person or issue.

THE AETT OF HEIMDALL, OR HAGALAZ

Hagalaz, the name of the first rune in this set, represents hail. The second aett is also given the name of the protective Heimdall, guardian of the gods, who stood watch over Yggdrasil’s Rainbow Bridge between Asgard (the realm of the gods) and Midgard (the realm of mortals).

Hagalaz: Hail, the Ice Seed

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Temporary disruption or unwelcome change that brings positive transformation, short-term difficulty for long-term gain

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Alienation from others, isolation, suffering by allowing others to oppress us

Hagalaz is an Ice rune, and Ice is the fifth element in the Norse cosmology, the others being Earth, Air, Water, and Fire. The cosmic ice seed fused with fire to bring about creation.

In the Rune Poems, the hail is called white grains, is reminiscent of the harvest and, though sharp to the touch, melts to release water necessary for life and growth to the land.

Therefore, Hagalaz does not predict disaster but says that a crisis, disruption, or setback you have experienced, or which is in your life now, can be used dynamically to enable our lives to grow in a new, more fruitful direction.

When Hagalaz appears in a reading

We may need to cause disruption to stand out against an unfair or unsatisfactory situation. Equally, if we flow with fate that pushes us outside our comfort zone, within a few months, or even weeks, positive rewards will result. This is a good time to quit a bad habit or overcome a fear or phobia.

The blank side indicates we may be suffering petty spite or unfair criticism, either at work or in our personal relationships. Refuse to accept second-best treatment. You know you are worth more, so use the logic of the air, hail’s transporter, to cut through any opposition and backbiting.

Naudhiz: the Festival Fire, Our Needs

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: A cause for celebration, self-reliance, success through our own efforts, acknowledging and meeting our own needs, the kindling of passion, developing love in a difficult situation

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Meeting the needs of others at the expense of our own, codependency, over-possessiveness by others

Naudhiz, a fire rune, represents the wooden spindle that generates the festival fire by friction. These ceremonial fires were kindled at seasonal change points. Naudhiz represents our personal needs and desires and so is a rune of independence. Naudhiz is also associated with love magic.

When Naudhiz appears in a reading

There may be something you need to do that has perhaps been pushed aside, but with no helping hand, it’s time to make it happen yourself. This is an excellent omen for all independent ventures and solo business initiatives, especially where there is a lot of hard work involved in the initial launch.

The blank side of the rune indicates over-reliance on others or over-involvement in the lives of family or friends. It also warns a love you cannot reveal needs you to demand more or risk all, or the flame will go out.

Isa: Ice

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: The need to move slowly forward, reconciliation in love or family, wise caution and slow progress in preparation

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Feeling totally stuck in a situation or relationship, being unfairly cast in the role of scapegoat for family, or marital failings

Isa is the rune of Ice and, like Hagalaz, it refers to the fifth element in the Norse tradition.

The Rune Poems talk of the coldness and beauty of Isa. The Norse Rune Poem sees it as a bridge between dimensions that needs to be negotiated with care by those who are perhaps blinded by the fear of going forward. However, it must be crossed before the ice melts and the chance disappears.

When Isa appears in a reading

Whether we have frozen ourselves into inactivity or circumstance prevents us from moving forward, this is a good time to begin any negotiations, make reconciliation attempts with difficult or stubborn people, and take the first steps toward future change. A good omen for beginning to pursue a new career.

If the blank side is facing up, examine what or who is holding you back. Perhaps the time for change is not right or you are uncertain of the right move. In this case, it may be better to wait and let the ice melt in its own time. But don’t accept unwarranted guilt for others’ stubbornness or negativity.

Jera: the Harvest

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: The good results of earlier input and effort; fertility in every way, including the conception of a child; a bonus or deserved reward or promotion

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Refusing to learn from old mistakes and move on from what is clearly not going to work (for example, people who love the wrong person and take them back again and again)

Jera is the rune of a fruitful year, the good harvest from seeds well planted and cared for, and the Rune Poems talk of Heaven’s king, or Frey, god of fertility and the harvest, allowing the fields to blossom forth as abundance for all. But, of course, that involves earthly input, developing, nurturing, and persevering with longer-term plans, rather than expecting instant return.

When Jera appears in a reading

Jera talks about publicly launching talents you have practiced and refined. It also represents deserved promotion and recognition of material efforts, receiving money owed, success in legal matters, fertility, and good fortune.

Jera is also a reminder that there is a right time for everything. It represents action, waiting, beginning a new venture, and moving on to the next phase.

The blank side of this rune indicates the need for a realistic assessment if you are wasting your life on someone who constantly abuses your good nature or who will never totally commit to you. If we do not learn from each stage of our lives, the great cyclical wheel becomes a treadmill with a repetition of the same mistakes.

If your relationships or jobs tend to end up with the same scenario, it may be important to ask yourself why and see if you need to change your responses or expectations.

Eihwaz: the Yew Tree

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Loyalty in love and friendship, the value of what is enduring, beginnings after endings, utilizing the resources you currently have rather than wasting time on regrets

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Avoid throwing away what is of worth because of excitement or a too-good-to-be-true offer

Because the yew is the longest-living tree, it was adopted by the Northern peoples as a symbol of longevity, tradition, and eternal life and is called in the Norse Rune Poem “the greenest wood in the winter,” an evergreen promising life and hope even in the dead season of winter.

For this reason, the rune is also in the Icelandic Rune Poem associated with a bow made from yew wood, as a symbol of new life from old, and reshaping what is existing, even if not ideal or as planned.

When Eihwaz appears in a reading

Like the death card in the tarot, this rune never foretells death but rather a sometimes unwelcome and inevitable ending to a situation or life phase. A new world is waiting, but it cannot appear until you have finished the old business, said good-bye either physically or emotionally, and allowed yourself to mourn.

Value and give extra input to loyal friends, family, and partners. Any long-term study or training is favored. Listen to the advice of older people or experts.

If the blank side appears, do not be tempted by a quick fix or exciting new friends—or even a flirtation if your relationship is in a dull patch. If you are grieving, allow yourself to express your negative emotions rather than bottling them up. Let go of the old voices in your head.

Perthro: the Gambling Cup

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Unexpected good luck because of taking a chance, the reemergence of the real, essential person you are inside, what really matters to you, standing up for your beliefs

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Leaving everything to chance, believing you can’t change a situation and therefore not trying to, excessive risk-taking and speculation

Perthro is the rune of the lot, or rune cup, in which the ancient warriors tested their luck. The old Rune Poems talk of play and laughter in the beer hall, for gambling and rune casting were sometimes one and the same and a joyous process. Testing their luck, which warriors did in both gambling and rune casting, reflected the will of the deities whether for battle, exploration, or more personal decisions. At the same time, the gambler or diviner was expected to take appropriate action to maximize good fortune or avoid any potential pitfalls. In doing so, they discovered the endurance of their real self with both strengths and weaknesses, vices and virtues.

When Perthro appears in a reading

You will soon discover secret or unknown information that will be of great advantage. Value your real essential self and stick to your principles rather than trying to fit into the expectations of others, whatever the pressures or incentives to do otherwise. Take a chance, as it is a lucky time. Try an interest or develop a talent you have always wanted to try but did not dare. Perthro signifies that the energies in your life are right to express and make true your secret desires, fantasies, or dreams. Perthro asks you to value yourself, because you can be no more or less than what you already are. By being true to yourself, you will find a new, fulfilling happiness that depends only on your own efforts and talents.

If the blank side is facing up, maybe you’re taking one too many chances on Lady Luck delivering, especially financially. If fate has recently dealt you a bad hand, the way you act or react can make all the difference. Even so, don’t accept the blame for others’ inadequacies, which you may find offloaded onto you.

Elhaz or Algiz: the Elk or Eel-grass

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Facing difficulties head-on and resolving them; altruism; rising high through achievement and battling to fulfill a dream; good employment prospects, especially after a period of unemployment or threats to livelihood

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Seeking an easy fix to problems or denying their existence, taking the route of least resistance, not seeing beyond the immediate situation

Elhaz is a multi-meaing rune. The Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, the only one to mention this rune, interprets the rune as eel-grass, which is found in marshes and which “grimly wounds . . . any man who tries to grasp it.” This sharp grass represents the nettle that is hard to grip but, once it has been seized, is traditionally useful for thatching, kindling for the fire, and bedding for animals.

The rune shape also represents the antlers of an elk, another translation, which can be used in attack or defense. It also indicates resources that are available to act powerfully and altruistically.

Above all, it speaks of the higher spiritual self and the need to develop one’s spiritual nature while at the same time living within the world.

When Elhaz appears in a reading

Seize opportunities or make a decision, even if difficult or painful, as this will clear the way for a very good future. This could appear as freedom from limitations or a new life path. Alternatively, it may appear when you are contemplating studying healing, spiritual, therapeutic arts, or downsizing to a more meaningful, simple lifestyle.

When the blank side appears, you need to acknowledge that any pressing problems will not simply go away, so denying their existence is just storing up future trouble.

Sowilo: the Sun

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Self-confidence, health, happiness, travel, success in your chosen career field, fame, and fortune

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Over-emphasis on achievement in the world’s terms and physical, emotional, or spiritual burnout

This is the third fire rune, after Kenaz and Naudhiz. It is the rune of the sun—or the sun wheel—destroying the winter ice, making crops grow, and guiding seafarers. In the Norse world, where the sun was so precious, this is the most auspicious of runes for any aspect of life. It is seen in the Old Norse Rune Poem as “light of the lands,” while the Icelandic Rune Poem talks of the sun as the “lifelong destroyer of ice” and the “hope and guide of seafarers,” and all who believe in themselves and seek adventure. Above all, it signifies the emergence of our own personal sun, our potential fulfillment and happiness.

When Sowilo appears in a reading

The year ahead will be very successful and fortunate; good for the fulfillment of any major ambitions and projects, for travel, and for long-lasting prosperity. It also represents fame and fortune, should you be pursuing any of the performing, creative, or literary arts. Believe in yourself!

If the blank side of the rune appears, then maybe you are working too hard and feel that the quality of your life or relationships are suffering. Step back from the fast track for a time, take a restful vacation, or spend time in nature.

As you cast your sets of runes, you will start to see patterns in the runes you pick, even with the first two sets. For example, consider the mixture of cold runes—like Hagalaz, the hail, and Isa, the ice—matched by fire runes—such as Naudhiz, the festival fire, and Cenaz, the torch that illumines the darkness. If you see this combination, then you will know that you have to bring together opposing people or situations in order to find balance. If you ever feel stuck while interpreting, just shut your eyes and picture, for example, the fire flaring upward into the night sky at a festival, or an ice bridge between two pieces of land that must be crossed with care. The runes represent real forces and real feelings that are as powerful in today’s modern world as they were in the old world, in which they were created.

In the next chapter, we will explore the final aett: the aett of Tyr, the noble warrior god of justice.

As you learn the final set of runes, add each to your bag and then you can do full casts of nine.

THE AETT OF TIWAZ

These eight runes are under the protection of Tyr (also known as Tiw), the Spirit Warrior, the noble warrior god who sacrificed his sword arm to protect the other deities and his father Odin from Fenrir, the cosmic wolf.

Tiwaz: the Pole Star, a Guiding Star

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Justice, altruism, following a worthwhile path regardless of difficulties, truth revealed, making realistic dreams come true, long-distance and long-term travel

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Unrealistic dreams and illusions, unnecessary self-sacrifice, especially for loved ones, losing faith in life and self, depression

Tyr is the Norse god who presided over all matters of justice. In the Norse and Icelandic Rune Poems, Tyr is called the one-handed god, referring to the sacrifice he made of his most precious gift, his sword hand to bind Fenris-Wolf. The Rune Poems talk of “keeping faith over the night’s dark.” Tyr fought as well with his silver arm and was not afraid to fight for what was of value and right. The rune says we can win through perseverance and never losing faith in our principles. The rune also signifies the fulfillment of a hidden talent or creative gift that can become a second or new career.

When Tiwaz appears in a reading

This is favorable for all public performances, competitions, and performing arts. It also augurs well for travel—especially independently—or a new lifestyle involving travel. It is good for matters of justice against opposition great or corrupt, for recovery from illness, and also for taking a salary cut or downsize to fulfill a long-term dream. If you have temporarily had to put life on hold because a loved one needs you, you will be more than repaid for this short-term sacrifice.

The blank side of the rune may appear if you are making unnecessary sacrifices for those who can look after themselves or if you are not prepared to compromise and accept what is possible right now, even if not ideal. If you are suffering from others’ lies, the truth will come out.

Berkano: the Mother Goddess, the Birch Tree

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Renewal, healing, physical or spiritual regeneration, fertility, and mothering in all aspects

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Unwillingness to accept new family members, influencing family members through guilt, dealing with cliques at work and in friendship, and constantly starting over again rather than persevering when things get hard

Berkano is associated with Berchta, a Norse earth goddess who cares for mothers and children, especially abandoned ones, and also with the original Nordic earth mother, Nerthus.

Its secondary meaning is the birch tree, the first tree to recolonize the land after the retreat of the last Ice Age. According to the Old Norse Rune Poem, the birch “puts forth shoots without seeding” and so is associated with rebirth and starting again, especially under difficulty and later in life.

When Berkano appears in a reading

Berkano represents a time for new beginnings or a revival of what was thought to be lost. It is an excellent omen for fertility, pregnancy, and motherhood at all ages and stages. It suggests success for starting up business initiatives or new creative projects, particularly by older people or a new career upon retirement. It is symbolic of a happy time within family and welcoming new members, especially through remarriage.

Relationships may be a central issue at the moment, and you may be either starting again or trying to revive the magic in a long-term relationship. People need you right now to offer sympathy and tender loving care.

When the blank side appears, you may need to act as peacemaker between warring family members or colleagues, and to accept people for what they are, not what you would like them to be. If you are suffering from family members manipulating you through obligation or playing favorites, or if you’re suffering from cliques at work, it’s time to step back and refuse to enter power games you can’t win.

Ehwaz: the Horse

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Harmonious relationships, getting the right balance between inner and outer demands or the different aspects of life, all negotiations and joint ventures, the widening of horizons, house moves or relocation, travel with others

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Allowing someone less wise or weaker to dictate the course of events, disharmony between partners, restlessness and constantly seeking new places, people, and situations

The horse is a sacred animal to the Vikings, especially the horses that carried their riders into battle. The horse is a symbol of perfect trust and harmony with another person or within the self. This rune, mentioned only in the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, emphasizes the joy a horse brings to its rider and how it can make the rider feel like “a prince” or aethling (high-ranking person).

When Ehwaz appears in a reading

Ehwaz indicates the swift resolution of a matter or the need for a fast response, it heralds travel and working holidays—especially one to fulfill a dream or an out-of-the-blue chance to which you should say yes—it’s good for negotiating business partnerships, for the restoration of harmony in a relationship or family, and for the resolution of power struggles or bullying through negotiation or official means.

If the blank side appears, it’s time to take a step back from acting as peacemaker in other people’s conflicts and accepting that you can’t do everything and please everyone. Concentrate on your own priorities.

Mannaz: Mankind

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Acceptance of the weaknesses and strengths of self and others, equality at work and in relationships, learning new skills, striving for perfection, and all matters of structured learning, study, and dealings with officialdom

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Being over-critical and expecting impossible standards of self and others; problems with ageism, sexism, religious, and racial intolerance; fighting against cynical or corrupt authority

Mannaz, the rune of the man and woman, is the rune of our strengths and weaknesses, and finding a meaningful lifestyle. Odin and his brothers formed the first man and woman from an ash and an elm tree, and their descendants repopulated the new world after the destruction of the old.

The Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem talks of the mortality of mankind and of man, in his gladness, being loved by his kinsfolk and yet ultimately divided from them in death. Mannaz represents our potential to reach spiritual enlightenment and says we should value our relationships but ultimately accept that we are our separate selves and can’t totally live through others.

When Mannaz appears in a reading

Maximize your strengths and abilities and do not deny your innate weaknesses. Do not blame others for them or expect them to compensate. Any inequality or unfairness will be overcome if you keep pushing, whether a glass ceiling at work or discrimination because we or loved ones are in some way different. A new skill you need to learn will become easier. It may also be the moment to claim credit for your knowledge and hard work.

If the blank side is facing up, accept that you are not Superman or Wonder Woman, and that you may need to hand responsibilities over if you are doing more than your share, or ask for advice or help. You may find that someone you loved or looked up to has flaws and lets you down, but this may not be a reason to abandon the relationship or situation. Instead, see what can be mended and how trust can be restored.

Laguz: Water, the Sea

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Taking a chance for great happiness beyond the comfort zone without guarantees of success, major life changes, following the flow of life, unexpected opportunity, trusting unconscious wisdom and intuition, taking a step into the unknown, adventurous vacations or a job involving a lot of travel, psychic powers, imaginative ventures, and following your heart and not your head

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Giving way to over-sentimentality, falling for or using emotional blackmail, changeability according to mood, sacrificing all for lust, or irresponsible love affairs

This rune represents, according to the old Rune Poems, the longships the Vikings used to travel to distant lands—including America—described as the “oak steeds” or “oak horses,” facing hazards of “churning water” and the “brine stallion that does not heed its bridle.”

To the Vikings, water was a frightening yet exciting concept because sea journeys were hazardous, yet could lead to great conquests and discoveries. Water never goes backwards and always finds a way around obstacles. It does take courage to follow the unexpected or risky option, but it can be exciting and often be the way to true happiness. It is ultimately a rune of taking a chance and following your heart rather than logic.

When Laguz appears in a reading

You may be contemplating a total lifestyle change or launching a major venture, though the time and circumstances may not be quite when you wanted. You may have to leave behind certainty to reach your dream. Trust your intuition to guide you, improvising and adapting as you go, for this time may never come again and what we regret most is what we never tried. It may be time to try something totally out of your character, or to speak the truth and take a chance emotionally, especially if you have been hurt in the past.

If the blank side appears, others may try to use emotional blackmail or pressure to appeal to your sentiments. Check with your gut feeling before committing yourself to an irrevocable situation or making promises you may regret. Avoid throwing away love and trust for what seems irresistible temptation. Beware of emotional vampires who drain your resources and your energies.

Ingwaz: Fertility, the Fertility God

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Initiating creative ventures that will succeed within six to twelve months, taking the conventional route to success even if slow, promise of better days ahead, fertility—especially for men, meaningful relationships, and love and sex magic

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Impatience for instant success or results that may sabotage previous efforts, stagnation in relationships or careers, questions about whether to start a family or not

Ing or Freyr, the Norse fertility god and consort of Mother Goddess Nerthus or Berkano, drove his wagon over the fields after winter to release the fertility of the soil, animals, and people, as described in the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem. This was part of a sacred marriage ceremony with Nerthus, and he then withdrew to allow the seeds to germinate and grow. He was also protective god of the hearth and home.

When Ingwaz appears in a reading

Launch a venture or initiate communication, but be prepared to wait for a response or results, as patience will pay dividends. It’s a good rune if you want a baby, especially if the male in the relationship is having fertility issues. Take the conventional route in study, legally, financially, or following a slow but sure career path.

If the blank side appears, your life may be stagnating. Take a few days for ideas to germinate about the changes you would like, but these will need to be initiated step by step if they are to be lasting. There may be underlying worries about starting or adding to a family, especially if there are children from previous relationships or one partner does not want or cannot have children. Compromise and sensitivity can resolve the matter.

Othala: the Homestead

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: Good for all property matters; improvements in financial and emotional stability; a happy time for home, family, and pets; improving health and happiness for older family members; possible additions to the family through remarriage

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Financial resources draining away, perhaps due to unreasonable demands by the family, concerns over elderly family members and their care, and children of any age who may be experiencing or causing problems

Othala, the homestead, represents the practical organization of home life. In the Rune Poems, Othala is said to be “beloved of every human.” This domestic contentment is linked with a good harvest. Though the Norse people were great wanderers, the homestead was very important to them, and establishing new homesteads with the blessings of the land guardians in the new land was a priority.

When Othala appears in a reading

A good time for property deals, for buying and selling homes, for working from home and spending quality time with family or close friends. House renovations or building a home are favored.

If the blank side appears, you may need to economize at home and not allow family members or friends to use you as a bottomless bank. You might feel resentment that others in the home are not helping practically. Get tough if the people who are living with you, especially adult children, are causing stress.

Othala is sometimes placed as the final rune, but it seems to make more sense to me that Dagaz, the awakening, should be the last rune.

Dagaz: the Dawning of the Day, the Awakening

STRENGTHS, SYMBOL-SIDE UP: The light at the end of the tunnel, new beginnings, believing in yourself even when others doubt you, a sudden opportunity to shine or succeed

CHALLENGES, BLANK-SIDE UP: Living for the future and not making the most of the present, undue pessimism about life, hanging on to past sorrows

Dagaz, whose name means day, was the radiant son of Nott, the goddess of night. Each dawn, Dagaz rode his shimmering chariot, drawn by his white steed, Skin-faxi (whose name means shining mane), bringing in the dawn. The Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem, the only one to describe Dagaz, refers to the rune as “the Lord’s messenger,” reflecting an attempt by scribes to Christianize the Rune Poems. The light of Dagaz is seen as “shining on rich and poor alike, offering them hope.”

Dagaz is a very exciting, positive rune, whether it refers to improving health for you or a loved one; a new career opportunity, especially after job loss, bankruptcy, or redundancy; or a sudden revival in love or good luck.

When Dagaz appears in a reading

Dagaz promises life will get better if you just keep going and have faith in yourself. It looks favorably on learning new skills, retraining, study opportunities, or pursuing a new career and promises a better situation concerning a young person. It’s a good sign for overcoming addictions, debt, fears, and phobias or depression; finding a new friend or love that will change your life; joy in pregnancy and through children; and amazing good fortune ahead.

If the blank side appears, then it may suggest you are continually waiting for a better tomorrow or worrying too much about past failures, rejections, and future hazards instead of making the most of what is on offer now. If your trust has been shattered, reach out to those who are there for you rather than shutting yourself away.

In the next chapter, you will meet the twenty-fifth rune, the totally blank one, and learn how to work with rune layouts as an alternative to casting.

To the three aetts we have learned, we will add a final rune—the blank—on which nothing is drawn on either side of the rune stone or stave. Casting the blank rune can bring to the forefront a key issue or major life transition when you may want time to consider all the options before acting. It can also indicate an unexpected element or opportunity. This blank rune is called the Rune of Odin, the Father God of prophecy, or the Rune of Wyrd, the future you can decide and shape.

When the blank appears in a reading

You cannot rely on traditional answers, or the advice of others, and the right course may represent a leap into the unknown. You are at a crossroads and the future is still to be explored and determined by you.

DEVELOPING RUNE CASTING

You may like to reread Chapter 3 (page 27) to remind yourself of the two methods of casting runes.

If you use the first method of taking three runes and throwing them into your circle, casting six or nine runes follows the same method and principles as for three.

Sometimes when you cast three runes, the answer is not clear. In this case, leave your original runes where they fell in or beyond the circle and cast another three runes from the bag, seeing how they fall in relation to the first three.

Add yet a third set of three if you need more clarity or if the question is complex. With six or nine runes, the way the runes fall and group will have even more significance, and look for a rune that covers or dominates another previously thrown.

A Cast of Six

Alan is very close to his younger sister Joyce, who is unhappily married. She often has unexplained bruises and admitted that her husband, Carl, attacks her when he gets drunk, which is happening frequently. Carl has refused to seek help and blames Joyce for his outbursts. Alan has begged Joyce to leave Carl. Joyce says that it’s her problem and has forbidden Alan to interfere. Recently, Joyce and Alan quarreled badly, and Joyce has threatened not to see Alan anymore unless he stops pressuring her. But how can he stand aside while his sister suffers?

I met Alan at a book signing and, as always, schedules went haywire as we used the runes to work through a seemingly impossible dilemma. He cast these runes listed below. The first three went out of the circle and I felt that these were runes that Alan’s sister would have to bring into her life before she could really move forward.

RUNE 1: Jera, the rune of the seasons and the harvest, is blank-side up, thrown outside the circle in the area often called Ice, the fifth Norse element, where matters are frozen in inaction. A blank-side-up rune in this area is especially significant of a huge blockage.

RUNE 2: Eihwaz, the yew tree of endings, is blank-side up and also off the cloth in the area of Ice.

RUNE 3: Ingwaz, the rune of withdrawal, is blank-side up in Ice.

The first rune, Jera, the harvest, talks of moving from one stage of life to another. Difficult as it is, Alan has to accept that his sister is an adult and that sometimes we have to stand back and let others live their own way and make their own mistakes. Now he can protect her only if she allows him to. But it is vital that he tell her she can come to him day or night since he is the only member of the family she trusts.

The second rune, Eihwaz, the yew tree, says that Alan is wasting his time trying to persuade his sister into a course she doesn’t want to take and indeed, by pressuring her, may actually make it harder to make the decision only she can make. His sister’s relationship has obviously reached an ending; but until she accepts this, Alan is only creating extra tension by trying to persuade her to leave her husband.

Ingwaz, too, the rune of creative withdrawal, says that Alan has to stand back until his sister is ready to accept his help. In the meantime, he can sort out potential legal advice, arrange a 24/7 taxi that is prepaid to fetch her, and perhaps help determine where she could stay if she does leave, as she says she would not move in with Alan.

The next three runes fall within the circle about halfway out and so emphasize that it is a time for patience and preparation rather than action.

RUNE 4: Berkano, the rune of relationships and new beginnings

RUNE 5: Dagaz, the dawning of the day, the light at the end of the tunnel

RUNE 6: Ansuz, the rune of communication

Berkano talks of the relationship difficulties and suggests that, while his sister makes her choice, all Alan can do is offer love and support, rather than acting as the tough big brother. But as the rune of regeneration, it also promises renewal in her life.

Dagaz, the dawn, promises that if Alan is patient with his sister and supportive on her terms, then she will realize that there is an alternative to life with a bully. But by getting angry with her, Alan is actually making the situation worse. For it has not yet dawned on Joyce that she has the right to leave her abusive husband and that the situation is not her fault. Things may have to get worse before they can get better.

Ansuz is the key rune. Joyce needs to talk, but Alan is too emotionally involved to help her right now. He could tactfully try to steer her toward professional counselors who might help her to see that she isn’t to blame and that there is an alternative life. And simply offering her reassurance and listening to her may give Joyce the confidence she needs to resolve the situation.

A SIMPLE RUNE LAYOUT

While casting runes into a circle is very effective, you may sometimes wish to pick runes from your rune bag and lay them out as you would tarot cards. This can be useful if you are in a confined space or you need to read your runes in a hurry.

THE CAST OF THE FATES

We may sometimes get the feeling that we’ve been in a situation before and vow not to make the same mistakes again. Alternatively, you may feel pressured into living in a way that is not right for you. This spread is especially good for breaking patterns.

The three Norns, or Norse goddesses of destiny, were believed to guard the Well of Wyrd, or Fate, at the foot of the first root of Yggdrasil, the World Tree, and to determine how our future can be influenced by past patterns. The future rune will suggest ways to change a recurring and maybe fruitless pattern if you want, or to become aware of why you are acting that way and then have a choice based on conscious awareness.

Ask a question about some issue, one that has recurred in your life before or where you feel you are being pressured by others, which may itself be a recurring pattern in your life. Take three runes from your bag, one after the other, and set them in a vertical line as on page 72. Turn each rune over in your closed hands nine times and then set it down and see if symbol or blank is facing up. Set the first rune selected nearest to you and work away from you.

RUNE 3: Future

RUNE 2: Present

RUNE 1: Past

The Cast of the Fates in Action

Joe, who is twenty-five, has met a new woman on an overseas vacation and fallen head over heels in love. Alyssa, who is ten years older, lives in Greece and has two small children. He intends to give up his career as a junior accountant in Chicago to work on Alyssa’s father’s olive farm, but there are issues with Alyssa’s former husband, who does not recognize their separation.

Joe first picks Gebo, the rune of love relationships, symbol-side up, but, significantly, this is set in the past placement. Joe said he had had a series of serious relationships, usually with older women, but there were invariably complications and, eventually, the women went back to their exes.

In the present space, he selects the hidden Tiwaz, the Star and Spirit warrior, who talks about sacrifice but also the need to follow our own dreams. Joe is following a pattern of rescuing the damsel in distress, sorting her life, and then maybe he will again get left. However, he feels whatever the risk, he is happy to give up everything to pursue his new love. But the blank side questions, is this a worthwhile sacrifice and what are his buried dreams? I asked Joe what his real dream was. Joe’s dream is to become a painter, and he would love to go to art school, but his parents had pressured him to get what they considered a safe career.

In the future position, Joe picks Kenaz, the torch, the inner light and flame, symbol-side up. His inner voice tells him he should look at the situation and the pattern of his life before jumping in one hundred percent. Joe says he has gone from one disastrous relationship to another. So maybe he should go back to Greece for a month (he has the vacation days) and work on the olive farm to see if this really was love or just a romantic escape from reality for him and Alyssa. In the meantime, he should maybe think about art school (hidden Tiwaz), as accountancy was not making him happy, and this could lie behind his desire for dramatic romance (Gebo).

So Joe went back to Greece and found that working on the olive farm was hard work and bored him. Alyssa meanwhile was flitting between her husband and Joe. Joe decided to break the pattern and has enrolled at art school and is dating a girl his age with no emotional baggage who is studying art history.

AN ALTERNATIVES SPREAD

Sometimes, when two alternatives in our life seem equally possible, it can be helpful to look at each option in more detail. In this method, the first rune at the top sets out the question, then the two branches present two underlying factors, possible short-term and long-term results, one for each option.

Here, Rune 1 represents the decision to be made. The left and right-hand columns represent the choices. Runes 2 and 3 represent any hidden factors. Runes 4 and 5 represent short-term gains and Runes 6 and 7 represent long-term gains.

You might decide to read vertically Option 1 followed by Option 2, or consider the two options together and read horizontally. I use the vertical method. Pick each rune separately from the bag and turn it over nine times in your closed hands and then place it in the spread, to see whether blank or symbol side is side up. The exception is Rune 1, which is always placed symbol-side up but incorporates the meaning of both sides.

The Alternatives Spread in Action

Anna, who is in her early seventies and a retired musician, is struggling to maintain her large home since she had heart surgery, though she is fully recovered. Her married daughter Juliana wants Anna to move to a different part of the country and live in her home and act as babysitter to her three children, as Juliana has a high-powered job and she and her husband travel a lot. But Juliana has made it clear that her mother cannot bring her piano, as there will not be room. It makes economic sense, but Anna feels she will be losing her identity and her beloved music, for she still organizes frequent musical evenings just for fun and Juliana has made it clear that this is a non-starter.

In her reading, Anna picks:

RUNE 1: The real issue, Fehu, the prosperity/price rune

RUNE 2: The hidden factor for Option 1, Isa, the rune of Ice

RUNE 3: The hidden factor for Option 2, Jera, the harvest

RUNE 4: Short-term results for Option 1, Naudhiz, the rune of needs

RUNE 5: Short-term results for Option 2, Uruz, the obstacle rune

RUNE 6: Long-term results for Option 1, Laguz, rune of emotions

RUNE 7: Long-term results for Option 2, Mannaz, the rune of strength

The question was very clear. Was security and freedom from financial worry worth the price Anna would have to pay in other ways?

Option 1, which Anna sees as living with her daughter, indicates that the hidden factor is Isa, or Ice. Anna says that she feels that she would be frozen into a child-like dependency on her very bossy daughter, which she would resent. The short-term result would be that her immediate need of financial security, Naudhiz, would be met. But remember, this is the rune of meeting our own needs, so it sits uncomfortably here.

While Anna loves her grandchildren, they are very boisterous and demanding, and the move, symbolized by Laguz, the waters, would in the long term make her unhappy. She would lose her friends and musical evenings and just become an appendage of Juliana’s life.

Option 2, Jera, offered the harvest as the hidden factor in her keeping her independence. Anna was puzzled what the potential harvest could be, financially. I asked Anna if she had any chances of making money if she stayed in her own house, though she had given up traveling to concerts, which she had done for years, as the travel had become too much for her. Anna said in fact she had often been asked to give private music lessons and to organize a local choir and musical group but she had hesitated, because Juliana often pointed out Anna’s professional music days were over and she should settle down to retirement. Anna had also been asked by the local music college to take students in as paying guests. But her daughter had said that having people living in Anna’s home would be too disruptive.

The short-term result in Option 2, Uruz, overcoming obstacles, was symbol-side up. Anna having to share her home in short-term time was not a major problem as the top floor of the house was self-contained and she could put the students there. Anna said their practicing music would not bother her at all, as the house was too quiet and it would certainly solve her financial problems. As for organizing the choir, Anna had been offered lifts to and from the venue where it was held, and concerts were mainly given locally, and again she would be paid well and would enjoy the odd competition in other parts of the country. Also, giving private lessons could take place at times convenient to her.

The final rune, the long-term result of Option 2, Mannaz, the rune of her own strengths, showed Anna that she could keep her independence as her health is now good and, in addition, by accepting the opportunities she had previously dismissed as impractical, would vastly improve her financial situation, whilst at the same time her house would be brought back to life again with her music.

In the next chapter, we will work with more complex rune spreads.

In this chapter, the rune spreads will increase in complexity, but, as we will work step by step, the process will become remarkably straightforward.

THE RAIDHO SPREAD

Raidho is the rune of movement. The following rune layout is excellent when you are contemplating change and the best route or method to achieve your objectives.

Reading the Raidho Spread

First, write down a question, which may be a few words or several sentences. Do this spontaneously. Then choose four runes from the bag, one at a time without looking, and place one at each of the four positions I have given below. This may initially seem a strange order, but it will in fact make sense once you have used the rune layout.

Rune Positions

RUNE 2: Goal

RUNE 4: Any obstacles

RUNE 3: Your strengths

RUNE 1: Your present position

Set out all the runes vertically in the order given above—2, 4, 3, and 1—and read them from nearest to farthest from you, ending with Rune 2.

Rune 1, along with the first information you wrote down, reflects your present situation. Place this rune in front of you, nearest to you at the bottom of a vertical ladder of runes.

Rune 2, which will appear at the top of the vertical rune ladder with spaces between for Runes 3 and 4, is your ultimate goal. Rune 2 should sit farthest away from you.

Rune 3 represents your strengths, assets, or helpful people who will help to fulfill the goal. This is placed directly above Rune 1.

Rune 4, which sits directly above Rune 3 and below Rune 2, represents the obstacles, people, or fears in your way.

The Raidho Spread in Action

Paula, a single mother, wants to take her children traveling around Europe for a month but worries about the finances, as she has to take unpaid leave because she used her vacation days for moving to a new house. She is a journalist working for a women’s magazine, arranging fashion shoots and sometimes helping the photographer set up visuals, but she wants to become a travel writer. She wants to figure out how to fund the trip and at the same time change her lifestyle so she can work from home, as she pays a fortune in childcare. Let’s see what Paula picks. . . .

RUNE 2 is Paula’s ultimate goal: Othala, the homestead; using practical skills in an innovative way to fund the trip in the short term; bringing about the career change so she can work from home.

RUNE 4 is Paula’s obstacles: Laguz, water or the sea; the risks involved both in traveling on a very tight budget and pursuing a new career linked with travel; an overcrowded job market; children to support.

RUNE 3 is Paula’s strengths: Sowilo, the sun; using her talents to provide the means for travel and ultimately her future career.

RUNE 1 is Paula’s present situation: Berkano, the birch tree; having resources within her that are needed for her future; being a Mother Goddess rune, this rune includes her children as a key to that future.

The Interpretation

Paula looked at RUNE 1, Berkano, and decided that the key to funding the trip and her future career lay through the children and traveling with them. Writing about the experience could be the means to her future fortune as well, as her present short-term need for funds for her month-long trip around Europe. But how?

RUNE 3 signified her strengths, using the resources she had, represented by Sowilo, the sun. Her present company was looking for new ideas, and she could offer an article on travels as a single parent. In fact, she was commissioned after the reading for four articles, one for each week in a different city. The magazine editor offered a modest budget of expenses. So short-term finance issues were resolved.

RUNE 4, or Laguz, the rune of water, gave her a clue as to overcoming her longer-term future obstacles. Freelance writing was a risk in the long-term, so she would need to add another skill. Paula realized she could arrange photo shoots on a freelance basis for would-be child models, as she was very good with children and the business would allow her to work from home and save on childcare. But what was the missing ingredient to her long-term future working from home and more travel?

Finally, RUNE 2, Othala, represented the ultimate goal of working from home and sometimes overseas as a freelancer. The idea came swiftly. Why not write a series of small books about traveling with children as a single parent, a kind of Lonely Planet with a difference? Paula had a friend who worked for a small but successful publishing house. She arranged the deal in the months after the reading and is going overseas with the children to research her first set of commissions with her advance.

THE YGGDRASIL SPREAD

This is an alternative to casting nine runes. Select nine runes, one at a time, from the bag and set them on the three levels of Yggdrasil, right to left. This spread is good for solving a more complex relationship or life issue. Place the symbol-side up, as both aspects of each rune are considered.

The top of the Tree is Asgard, the home of the Aesir (the principal deities) who are led by Odin and his consort, Frigg. This level also contains Vanaheim, the kingdom of the wind, fertility, and sea gods, and Alfheim, the home of the light elves.

On the middle level is Midgard, the land of the humans. They share this level with Jotunheim, the land of the Frost Giants, and Nidavellir, the realm of the dwarves who guard their treasure and make artifacts for the deities.

The lowest realm is divided between Niflheim and Hel, realms of the dead, and Svartalfheim, home of the Dark Elves.

Draw a World Tree and label the main realms at each level, as shown on page 83.

Reading the Yggdrasil Spread

Decide on your question, or two related questions. Pick nine runes without looking, one after the other, from the bag, and place them in the nine positions indicated on page 83 from bottom to top, right to left. Read the nine runes in sets of three to give you the overall path.

The Roots of the Tree, Niflheim

The runes cast here speak to factors that have led to the present position, reasons for possible change, and obstacles in the way of change.

RUNE 1: Reasons for change

RUNE 2: Obstacles to be overcome

RUNE 3: What has come before

The Trunk of the Tree, Midgard

The runes cast here signify what actions can be taken to mitigate or improve circumstances.

RUNE 4: Hopes to be realized

RUNE 5: Fears to be overcome

RUNE 6: Suggested action

The Top of the Tree, Asgard

The runes cast here predict results that could come from following the planned opportunities.

RUNE 7: What can be gained

RUNE 8: What can be lost

RUNE 9: Reaching the goal

The Yggdrasil Spread in Action

Naomi is in her early forties. She has been ill for many years with a wasting illness, but desperately wants to stay in her own home. She is now in a wheelchair, and her social worker has suggested that she might be better cared for in a residential development where she would have her own small apartment. When she visited the area, Naomi found that the other residents were elderly and the apartments were a long way from the town center. Grants are limited to convert her home, but Naomi feels that she doesn’t want to be shut away from life.

The Interpretation

Naomi casts the following runes. Let’s interpret her results.

The Roots of the Tree, Niflheim

RUNES 1–3 represent the past. They look at Naomi’s history and what is responsible for her present situation. Naomi casts:

RUNE 1: Perthro, rune of the lot

RUNE 2: Hagalaz, rune of hail

RUNE 3: Eihwaz, rune of the yew tree

RUNE 1 is Perthro, the reasons for change and the rune of the essential person. Naomi feels that her illness is causing her to lose her identity as a strong, independent woman and that she needs practical help to retain a certain quality of life.

RUNE 2, Hagalaz, indicates the harshness and disruption of her life caused by the possible move, being shunted off to what Naomi sees as a backwater position and her acceptance of sheltered accommodation as an obstacle to progress.

RUNE 3, what has gone before, is Eihwaz, the yew. It represents the closing of a door on her independent physical mobility. But by using the resources she has (the bow made from the yew to make a good future within limitations), Naomi can move forward in a different way to more permanent security.

The Trunk of the Tree, Midgard

RUNES 4–6 represent action in the real world. They look at Naomi’s present position and what actions are possible to mitigate her physical disabilities. Naomi casts:

RUNE 4: Elhaz, rune of the nettle

RUNE 5: Ehwaz, rune of the horse

RUNE 6: Mannaz, rune of strengths and weaknesses

RUNE 4, Elhaz, symbolizes her hopes to be realized. Elhaz grasps the nettle of issues she has avoided. Remember that those nettles, once grasped, are useful. The questions of her independence must be tackled realistically by those responsible for providing care. This is the key to the whole reading.

RUNE 5, Ehwaz, the rune of the horse and harmony, represents Naomi’s need to accept some form of help, but the right help. This is where she needs to talk through her fears with a sympathetic professional and not necessarily her social worker, who seems eager to shunt Naomi into the easy option. Naomi may have to find out exactly what she is entitled to and insist that she receive the necessary grants to convert her home.

RUNE 6, Mannaz, in the position of potential action, represents Naomi’s strengths and weaknesses. In fact, Naomi has a degree in mathematics and was given a computer that she never used by a local educational organization. The local college, which had excellent facilities for students with disabilities, ran computer and adult teaching courses. It might then be possible for her to work from home or teach adults with disabilities her passion, given some extra training.

The Top of the Tree, Asgard

RUNES 7–9 show the world as it might become if Naomi puts her plans into action. Naomi casts:

RUNE 7: Sowilo, rune of potential

RUNE 8: Raidho, rune of change

RUNE 9: Dagaz, rune of the dawn

RUNE 7, Sowilo, the sun rune of Naomi’s untapped potential, says what is to be gained by applying for that computer course and promises that Naomi can make a worthwhile niche for herself in the world.

RUNE 8, Raidho, the rune of positive change and progress effort under difficulty, talks of what will be lost. And Naomi knows that ease and security are a high price for the struggle of independence

RUNE 9, Dagaz, the enlightenment rune, reaching the goal, says that by her own courage, determination and efforts to stay in her present home Naomi can win through to a better way of life.

THE SACRED GRID OF NINE SPREAD

Nine is a magical number that was especially sacred to the Norse people because of the nine worlds on the Tree of Yggdrasil. The sacred grid represented complete protection and was used magically by the Vikings as an area of power.

Choose runes one at a time from your bag and assign each to the appropriate numbered rune position, working 1–9 as shown on page 89.

Reading the Sacred Grid of Nine Spread

Each horizontal row is assigned to one of the Norns, or three sisters of Fate, who traditionally cast rune staves into the Well of Wyrd at the foot of the World Tree.

RUNES 1–3 form Urdhr, the Norn sister concerned with events and peoples of the past, or what and who have contributed to the present situation in both helpful and unhelpful ways. RUNES 4–6 form Verdandi, the Norn sister concerned with the present and what or who is maintaining the present situation in both helpful and unhelpful ways, including through fear. RUNES 7–9 form Skuld, the Norn Sister concerned with the future and what will come to pass. Skuld’s knowledge of the future and fate is constantly changing, as it takes into consideration the intricate web of past and present actions, events, and decisions.

The Sacred Grid of Nine Spread in Action

We will use the past, present, and future concept in this reading. Nathan is a healer in his late sixties who has organized a healing group since his retirement. However, recently the group has radically changed, with younger people and very different methods coming to the forefront. Nathan is feeling increasingly isolated and finds that his healing work is suffering because of the resentment he feels.

The Interpretation

Nathan casts the following spread.

Urdhr, the Past Sister

RUNE 1, Gebo, the rune of giving and partnerships of all kinds, seemed to Nathan to represent his healing world and the former harmonious relationships within the healing group. He felt that this relationship was no longer possible within the new members of the group.

RUNE 2, Ingwaz, the rune of withdrawal, represented what Nathan said began when he had become less enthusiastic after the death of his wife, a fellow healer, three years earlier, who had been a mainstay of the group. After her death there had been an exodus of older members.

RUNE 3, Thurisaz, the rune of the thorn and protection, Nathan said, described the way he had felt, prickly, as younger people joined the group who had not known his wife and started to change the nature of the group, which made him feel worse. But most of all his own vulnerability at being a widower had made him impatient with the newcomers and change.

Verdandi, the Present Sister

RUNE 4, Mannaz, the rune of accepting the strengths and weaknesses of ourselves and others, seemed very significant to Nathan, because he was worried that he was no longer able to heal in the way he used to. Nathan said because everyone seemed so self-assured, he had been reluctant to admit he needed help with difficult clients.

RUNE 5, Naudhiz, the rune of need and the need to answer one’s own needs, suggested to Nathan that maybe he needed to accept the fact that it might be time for him to step back and accept that the healing group was no longer the best focus for his gifts.

RUNE 6, Elhaz, the rune of grasping the nettle and spiritual potential, reflected Nathan’s fears that if he admitted that he wanted to leave the group, he would be denying his own spiritual nature. But the healing group was, by the resentments it evoked in Nathan, actually blocking his gifts.

Skuld, the Future Sister

RUNE 7, Berkano, the rune of regeneration and nurturing, said that Nathan should not abandon his healing work but carry it out in a different way. Nathan had been recently wondering about working alone, perhaps from home, so that he could talk at length with those who needed healing, which was difficult now that the group had an appointment system.

RUNE 8, Ansuz, is the rune of communication and inspiration, and Nathan said that he had been asked several times by a National Spiritualist Organization to write an account of the development of healing within the Spiritualist movement. He had always declined because he had been too busy organizing the group.

RUNE 9, Wunjo, is the rune of personal joy and success. What would make Nathan happy? Nathan wanted to visit his son in Australia, but had been reluctant to do so as he had felt obliged to stay because of the group. This was a limitation he had imposed on himself, because he was afraid they would manage too well without him (he needed to think of himself as necessary). Now that he was free, he decided to go away before coming back to embark on his new beginning.

In the next chapter, we will work on using the runes for magic and healing.

Runes, like Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs, are far more than symbols. Each rune contains within it the power of the meaning that is released into your life or sent to those in need of strength or healing as you write or etch the symbol and empower it magically.

RUNE MAGIC USING CANDLES

One of the simplest and yet most powerful ways you can release rune energies into your life, or into the lives of those who need them, is by etching an appropriate rune on the side of an unlit red candle (the main color used in rune magic) with a thin paper knife or screwdriver, the kind you use for electric plugs. The candle body represents earth, the smoke represents air, the flame represents fire, and the flowing wax represents water.

Alternatively, trace the symbol with the nail of your index finger on the hand with which you write, so lightly it is invisible, to imprint the candle with the chosen runic power and your personal essence. The advantage of this second method is that you can burn the candle anywhere and the meaning remains secret.

For example, if you were having difficult relatives for a meal, you could etch the Thurisaz symbol of protection invisibly on dinner-party candles, or Gebo, the love rune, for a special date.

Look back at the meanings of the different runes in the earlier chapters to choose the best one for any purpose. For example, use Isa, the Ice rune, if you want to bring reconciliation to the family or mend a quarrel. For a complex matter, you can trace different runes on the candle, either vertically or around the sides, or use a combined or Bind rune as I describe later in the chapter.

As you light the candle, silently ask for the purpose you require, and think of to whom the power is being sent and that your ritual will be for the highest good and the purest intention.

Then, as the candle is lit and burns, the power of the rune is amplified by the creative energy of the flame and released to wherever and however it is needed.

For even greater power, light a tree-fragranced incense stick such as pine or cedar from the rune-engraved candle and, holding the incense stick like a smoke pen in the hand with which you write, draw in the air nine times over the candle the rune shape you etched into the candle.

Leave the candle and incense to burn out in its holder.

EMPOWERING A RUNIC AMULET, CHARM, OR TALISMAN

An amulet is protective, a talisman is created for a particular purpose and for a specific time frame, and a charm is for an ongoing purpose such as love or healing.

You can create a runic amulet, talisman, or charm on a flat stone using a permanent red-ink marker or red paint and a thin, firm brush.

If you want to empower a piece of jewelry, a special crystal, or an item you will use in daily life with runic power, invisibly trace the rune symbol with the index finger of the hand with which you write, on the surface of the crystal. Alternatively, melt a beeswax candle and etch the symbol in the cooling wax and cut out a circle around it.

Self-hardening clay is also excellent for making rune charms.

To Empower Your Rune Symbol

Set your divinatory runes (twenty-five in all) in a circle beginning with the first rune of the first aett, Fehu, and ending with Dagaz, the final rune of the third aett, and after that the blank, so the blank is to the left of Fehu if you’re on the outside of the circle. The runes can be spread out sufficiently to make a circle large enough for the magical artifacts.

If you prefer, follow the Norse tradition of working magically within a square by making a square of six runes on each side and leaving out the blank. The first four elemental positions then will be halfway along each side, with the first, Earth, on the side of the square farthest from you, then moving clockwise through Air, Fire, and Water on the other three sides of the square. I will describe using the circle formation, but the method is identical if you choose to use a square.

Set a small dish of salt for the protection of the ancient magical Earth element at the twelve o’clock position of the rune circle just inside the circle.

Put a lighted tree or herb fragrance incense stick in a holder for the wise knowledge of the element of Air at the three o’clock position just inside the circle.

Place a lighted red candle for the Fire element for the inspiration of your ancestors and your spirit guardians in a holder just inside the circle at the six o’clock position.

Set a small bowl of water for the Water element at the nine o’clock position for kindness and that the magic may flow.

Finally, in Norse tradition, for the fifth element Ice, set a dish of ice cubes outside the circle directly beyond and above the twelve o’clock position to represent courage, strength, and the melting of all obstacles.

Put your rune symbol to be empowered in the center of the circle.

Sprinkle a circle of salt counterclockwise around the outside of the rune circle while saying, I call protection into this circle, asking that Nerthus, the Earth Mother, and Edda, goddess of wisdom and divination, will bless this runic amulet/talisman/charm and grant [name the purpose and whether it is for yourself or someone else].

Now, holding the lighted incense stick in the hand with which you write, make smoke spirals clockwise in the air all around the circle a few inches (5–8 cm) above and beyond it, beginning in the Earth quadrant and finishing over the symbol in the center, and say, I call wise knowledge into this circle, asking that Odin the Sky Father will bless this runic amulet/talisman/charm and grant [name the purpose and whether it is for yourself or someone else].

Next, pass the candle also clockwise around the outside of the circle and carefully over the rune symbol in the center, saying, I call the inspiration of the ancestors and spirit guardians into this circle, asking that Tiwaz, the Spirit Warrior and Guiding Star, will bless this runic amulet/talisman/charm and grant [name the purpose and whether it is for yourself or someone close to you].

Sprinkle water drops counterclockwise around the outside of the circle, just beyond the salt circle, saying, I call kindness and the magic of the Old Ones into this circle asking that Frigga, the gentle loving mother with her spinning wheel of stars, will bless this runic amulet/talisman/charm and grant [name the purpose and whether it is for yourself or someone else].

Finally pass the ice dish over the candle flame and then over the rune symbol, clockwise and then counterclockwise for each, and say, So ice and fire unite in this creative process as I call on the power of the runes. Thor who defeated the Frost Giants, bless this runic amulet/talisman/charm and grant [name the purpose and whether it is for yourself or someone else].

Return the ice to its place and allow the candle and incense to burn through naturally.

Afterward, tip the remaining salt into the water bowl and add the melting ice and leave it to flow away on the ground beyond the circle, or, if indoors, tip it away under a running tap.

Your rune symbol is now empowered. You can repeat this monthly if you wish for an ongoing charm or amulet.

Wear or carry the empowered runic item in a red drawstring bag.

RUNES AND ALPHABETICAL CORRESPONDENCES FOR MAGICAL WISHES

To write magical wishes, use the runic symbols that correspond to letters of the alphabet and then you can burn your wishes in a red-candle flame to release the power of the rune.

When writing your wish in runic, reduce any double letters coming together to a single letter so happy becomes hapy and, unless there is a specific diphthong like Th that has a direct runic correspondence, use phonetic sounds so Ph becomes F or simplify so Sh is written as S and not S+H.

In runic script, there aren’t capital letters as such, nor spaces between words or punctuation, so just separate the words or run them together if you wish. Keep the left-to-right format. Below, the rune meaning indicates the kind of magic for which each rune is most helpful.

THE RUNES AND SPELLS

You can easily create your own rune spells using the basic format below that incorporates what we have already learned in this chapter.

Look in the alphabet list for the best rune for your magical purpose, and etch it visibly or invisibly on the side of an unlit red candle.

Now, using the runic alphabet if possible, write your wish with red pen on a long white strip of paper and light the candle.

Light a tree or herb fragrance incense stick and write the rune symbol in the air over the candle and the paper or when you feel confident the whole message in runic script in the incense smoke, using the incense stick as a pen.

Burn the paper in the candle flame and drop the burning paper into a pot of soil.

Leave the candle and incense to burn through.

Afterward, take the burned paper still in the soil and if it is a practical or slow-moving matter, bury the paper still in the soil in the earth beneath a thriving tree or bush.

If you need the help of others to fulfill the wish or want a swift result, tip the soil and burned paper on the ground (use biodegradable paper) in an open place. If the matter concerns relationships or travel/change, drop it into flowing water.

BIND RUNES

Bind runes involve combining two or more runic shapes to join and amplify the powers of the separate runes. These sometimes appear in ancient inscriptions, carved on jewelry or artifacts.

Bind runes are essentially a creative art and best devised by an individual for a specific need. Often, other runic symbols will appear within the combined chosen runes that add to the energies.

Bind runes can be drawn or painted on crystals, or etched into circular discs of wood, stone, metal, on clay, in wax, on candles, or invisibly with the index finger of the hand you write with on anything.

You can drill a hole in your bind-rune amulet and wear it on a cord. The runic symbols can be drawn upside down or horizontally or superimposed on one another to create your own unique focus of energy. I have suggested some that have worked for me, but feel free to create your own shapes and combinations.

MAKE the initials of someone you wished to bind from doing harm (using the runic alphabetic if possible) and wrap the rune combination safely for as long as needed. Make the bind rune with kindness in your heart.

DRAW a series of protective bind runes around your home in the earth or out of stones or small branches on grass, and then smooth them over or remove them so they are invisible, to repel negativity and attract good fortune and health.

BURY a fertility bind rune, in case of sterility, to restore life to a neglected or abandoned place or outside your home.

PLACE a fertility and potency bind rune beneath your mattress if you and your partner are trying to conceive a child.

MAKE a large protective bind rune with bound garden bamboo canes fastened together with red twine in three knots at each intersection. You can grow a climber like jasmine or honeysuckle up the canes to help the energies to grow.

DRAW a bind rune in the air before you sleep or go out or on vacation to protect your home and possessions.

DRAW a protective bind rune in incense smoke over luggage to stop it becoming lost or stolen.

DRAW runes on your computer screen digitally, or use images of the runes as a screen saver.

BURY the bound rune, and plant fragrant herbs on top. Some people believe that, as the herbs bloom, so will their plans. Alternatively cast it into flowing water or tie to a tree on a hilltop.

Example Combinations

THURISAZ (THE HAMMER OF THOR) + URUZ (THE WILD CATTLE): For protection against physical or psychic attack; good for traveling alone.

FEHU (MOBILE WEALTH) + GEBO (THE GIFT) + WUNJO (PERSONAL JOY): For protection against all forms of financial loss and debt and to bring prosperity and material security.

EHWAZ (THE HORSE) + ANSUZ (THE MOUTH OF THE GOD) + URUZ (THE WILD CATTLE): To protect against illness and maintain or restore health and harmony.

GEBO (THE GIFT) + INGWAZ (POTENCY AND THE FATHER GOD): For fertility, whether for a child or a creative venture. If it is the conception of a child you are seeking, you might like to add Berkano, the rune of the Mother Goddess.

MAKING YOUR OWN BIND RUNES

These are just suggestions. Experiment with combining the following runes in different ways (practice on paper first until you are happy with your design).

FOR MATERIAL SUCCESS: Fehu, the prosperity rune; Sowilo, the sun and success; Gebo, your gifts; Wunjo, personal happiness; Jera, as you sow so shall you reap

FOR BETTER HEALTH: Ehwaz, rune of peace of mind; Mannaz, endurance and strength; Uruz, primal power to overcome obstacles; Dagaz, light at the end of the tunnel

FOR HAPPINESS OR SECURITY AT HOME: Othala, rune of the home; Berkano, relationships; Jera, the rune of natural cycles; Ehwaz, harmony; Mannaz, rune of strengths and weaknesses

FOR LOVE: Berkano, rune of relationships; Laguz, emotions; Gebo, giving and marriage; Naudhiz, fulfilling mutual needs; Ansuz, clear and loving communication

FOR STRENGTHENING YOUR IDENTITY: Perthro, the real you; Kenaz, your inner voice; Elhaz, wanting more than the immediate; Wunjo, for personal happiness

FOR LONG-OVERDUE CHANGE: Raidho, rune of the rough but exciting ride; Eihwaz, the yew tree to preserve what is of worth within the change; Hagalaz, facing disruption to get things moving

FOR RECONCILIATION: Ehwaz, harmony; Isa, melting the Ice; Berkano, relationships; Elhaz, grasping the nettle for a better state of affairs

CONCLUSION

Runes are one of the easiest and yet most powerful forms of divination; and the more you use them, the more they will answer questions in your everyday world. The magic of the old world is one that relates to our modern, everyday needs. A Little Bit of Runes will act as your guide and open the door to a world where, as you sit beneath the trees or near water with your runes, the voices of nature and of the old ways will echo in your heart and soul.

Enjoy the journey.