Foreword
Preface
About Author
Chapter Index
- Despondency of
Arjuna.
- Sankhya and
Yoga
- Karmayoga
- Sankhyayoga
- Renunciation
- Dhyanayoga
- Wisdom and
Knowledge
- The Imperishable
Brahman
- The Esoteric
Knowledge
- Divine
Manifestations
- The Universal
Form
- Bhaktiyoga
- The Field andKnower of
the Field
- The Three
Qualities
- The Supreme
Person
- The Divine and
Demoniacal Natures
- Three Kinds of
Faith
- Release
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Chapter Tenth
Gurudeva, you are an adept in imparting a clear
knowledge of Brahman, in making the lotus of learning bloom and in
sporting lovingly with the maiden in the form of the subtlest inarticulate
speech; my salutations to you. You are the sun who destroys the darkness
of ignorance in the form of worldly existence. You are a powerful god, who
promotes with ease the highest state of the mind in which it becomes one
with the supreme self, I bow to you. You are the protector of the whole
world, the mine of gems in the form of blissful things, the sandalwood
tree in the woods in the form of good men. A deity worthy of being
worshipped by the devotees, my salutations to you. You are the moon who
gives delight to the Chakora birds in the form of the discerning men. The
prince among the realizers of self. The ocean of Vedic knowledge. The
destroyer of the god of love: I bow to you. You are worthy of being
worshipped with pure devotion as the destroyer of the temples of the
elephant in the form of worldly existence, and the origin of the world. I
bow to you (1-5).
When Ganesha in the form of your grace bestows his gift. Even a child
has access to the sanctuary of literary art. When your noble voice gives
the pledge of safety, one can dive into the Ambrocial Ocean of the nine
literary sentiments (rasas). When your loving speech grants its
favours, even a dumb person can complete with the preceptor of gods in
literary talent. Not only this, but even an ordinary mortal attains to
divine eminence, when your benedicrory glance falls upon him or your
blissful hand touches his head. How can I describe with the feeble power
of my speech the glorious grace of my Master? Can one besmear the body of
the sun with sandalwood paste? (6-10) With what blossoms can one embellish
the wish-yielding tree? How can one extend hospitality to the milky ocean?
With what scent can one make camphor fragrant? With what kind of perfume
can you besmear the sandalwood tree? What dish can you serve to nectar?
How is it possible to become higher than the sky? What means can you
employ to gauge properly the glory of my master? Therefore, I offer him my
mute solutions. Any attempt on the strength of intellect to describe the
glorious power of the master is like giving gloss to the pearl. Any words
of praise to his are like silver plating the gold. I, therefore, think it
best to prostrate myself at the feet of my master in great humility
(11-15).
Shri Jnanadeva added, "O my Master, since you blessed me with your
graceful glance out of affection for me, I have become the holy baniyan
tree at the confluence of rivers in prayaga in the form of the
conversation between Lord Krishna and Arjuna. When Upamanyu begged for
milk of your, Lord Shankara placed the cup of milky ocean before him or
when the boy Dhruva was sulking because of the ill-treatment of his step -
mother, the lord of Vaikuntha humored him by giving him a lollipop in the
form of a firm seat at the north Pole. So my master has bestowed upon me
the power to explain in ovi curses the Bhagavad - Gita, which is
the most excellent text among the Brahman-lore's and the resting - place
for all scriptures. When I was roaming in the forest of words, not a
single meaningful word had fallen on my ears, but my speech blossomed into
the creeper of marvelous thought because of your grace (16-20). Because of
it, my intelligence, which had not transcended the consciousness of the
body, became the treasure house of divine bliss. My mind has now become a
temple in the milky ocean in the form of the Gita doctrines. This is the
incomprehensible deed of my master. With what words can I describe deed of
my master? With what words can I describe his infinite power? I seek his
forgiveness for daring to sing his glory with inadequate words.
By your grace I have been able so far to explain with great joy the
first part of the Bhagavad - Gita in short sweet verses (ovis). The
first chapter describes the despondency of Arjuna at the prospect of a war
with his kinsmen. In the second chapter, the lord has explained clearly
the yoga of action, distinguishing it from the yoga of knowledge. In the
third chapter the lord has expanded the single yoga of action, revealing
in the fourth chapter the relation of action to knowledge. In the fifth
chapter, he explains the true intent of yoga (21-25), of which he gives a
clear exposition in the sixth beginning with postures of body right up to
the union of the self with the supreme spirit. The sixth chapter also
contains a clear description of the state of yoga and the state to which
one fallen from the yogic path returns. The seventh chapter explains at
the start how one should avoid the temptations of prakriti and then
goes on to describe the four kinds of devotees of god. The eighth chapter
raises some questions and ends it by stating what his remembrance should
be at the time of death.
Now the Mahabharata contains in its hundred thousand verses the
numerous views contained in the Vedas (26-30). And all the import of the
Mahabharata has found its way in the seven hundred verses of the Gita,
which embodies the conversation between lord Krishna and Arjuna. That
import is contained in the single ninth chapter. I was, therefore,
doubtful whether I shall be able to explain clearly the import of this
chapter. Why should I flaunt my ability to do so? For lumps of Jugglery
and sugar are made from the same sugarcane juice, and yet they have
different flavours. Similarly, some chapters describe in clear words the
doctrine of Brahman; some show the way to the abode of Brahman and some,
which try to know Brahman, lose themselves, along with the knowledge, in
the nature of Brahman. Such are the chapter of the Gita, but the ninth
chapter is such that one cannot describe it adequately. O my master, if I
have lain open the truth in it, it is entirely due to your grace (31-35).
The outer garment of a sage (Vashishtha) shed light like the sun; another
sage (Vishvamitra) created another world; and one (Shri Ram) built a
bridge of stones and took his army across the sea; one (Hanuman),
immediately after his birth, seized the sun in his hand, thinking it to be
a fruit and sage Agastya drank the sea in one sip. In the same way, you
made a dumb creature like me speak about the incomprehensible Brahman.
Just as you cannot compare the war between Ram and Ravana with any war
except itself, so I say that Lord Krishna's talk in the ninth chapter
cannot be matched by anything except itself. Only the knowers of truth,
who have comprehended the meaning of the Gita, can settle the question. I
have thus explained to you the nine chapters according to my ability.
Now I begin the second half of the Gita (36-40). At the very start
lord Krishna will describe his main and secondary manifestations. I shall
tell you that tale, which is full of savoir and beauty. With the beauty of
this language, the serene sentiment will surpass the amorous sentiment and
because of that these verses will adorn the Marathi Literature. If you
will read closely the original Sanskrit text and its Marathi commentary,
you will be at a loss to know which is the original text. When ornaments
embellish the beautiful body of a maiden, it is difficult to judge which
adorns what. Similarly both the Sanskrit and Marathi languages have come
together to explain the purport of the Gita Listen now with a serene mind
how they illumine and embellish the truth (41-45). When one wishes to
disclose the purport to a text, the sentiments receive a Philip, and the
literary art shown in that regard becomes an object of admiration. I have,
therefore, borrowed the beauty and youth of the Marathi language to
elucidate the truths contained in the Gita. Now listen to what the lord of
the Universe, the scion of the Yadus and giver of marvelous joy to the
enlightened souls, said to Arjuna. Jnanadeva, the disciple of Nivritti,
says: Shri Hari said, O Arjuna, are you giving full attention to what I am
saying?
The blessed Lord said:
- Once again, O mighty armed (Arjuna), listen to my supreme
utterance, which, desiring your good, I shall speak to you, who are
pleased, with it.
Bow I tried to assess how well you listened to what I
told you so far. I am now assured that you gave adequate attention to
what I said (46-50). Just as one puts a little water in an earthen pot
to see whether it leaks before filling it up, so I made sure that you
were attentive to my small talk and now I felt like telling you more.
You test a newly appointed servant by seeing whether he picks up things
lying about and then put him in charge of the treasury, so you have
already become the treasure-house of my knowledge. Even as the cloud
swells and overflows after seeing the mountain, so lord Krishna glanced
at Arjuna with great affection. Then lord Krishna, the ocean of mercy,
said o mighty armed Arjuna, and I shall repeat my view to you, which I
had told you earlier. Even though one reaps and abundant harvest by
tilling the soil every year, one should not feel tired of doing so
(51-55) or one should purify by hating the gold over and over again, as
it improves its luster. Therefore, o Partha, I am repeating my talk not
to oblige you, but for my own satisfaction. When the child is decorated
with ornaments, it does not know it, but the mother enjoys it as a
festive occasion. In the same manner, the more you realise your own
good, the more it will add to my happiness. But enough of this
declamation. In truth, I like you so much that I am not satisfied by
this long chat with you (56-60). Therefore, I am repeating to you the
same thing over and over again, so hear with concentration. O discerning
Arjuna, listen to my excellent talk. These are not mere words, but in
this form it is the absolute truth, which has come to hold you in its
loving embrace. But you have not yet known my real nature. You see me
here in flesh and blood, but I am really this whole universe.
- The host of celestial beings does not know my origin nor do the
great seers. I am the origin of the celestial beings and of all the
great seers.
The Vedas became confounded trying to know my essence;
the mind and vital breath lost their nerve in trying to reach the sun
and me and moon were eclipsed before my splendor, even before the night
had set in. As the foetus in the womb cannot gauge its mother's age, so
all these gods cannot know me (61-65). Just as aquatic creatures cannot
fathom the sea, or the files cannot cross over the sky, so the wisdom of
the sages cannot penetrate into my being. Many ages have rolled on in
the man's attempts to delve into my mysteries as to who I am, how great,
of what origin and my where about. Because, O Arjuna both the gods and
the great sages, much less all the liking beings find it difficult to
know me, as I am their origin. If water running downhill can rise up to
the top or the tree starts spreading downwards and reach its roots, then
alone the world of beings originating from me can comprehend me. If the
core of the fig tree could cover up the tree and the forest, of the
waves could contain within them the sea of entire globe could be
contained in one single atom. (66-70) Only then living beings, great
sages and gods originating from me will be able to know me, even though
it is difficult to know me, if a person gives up the path of activity
and turning away from sensuous enjoyment abandons body - consciousness
and, sets himself on the crown of the five great elements (i.e. brings
them under his control),
- He who knows me as the unborn, beginningless, supreme lord of the
world, he is undeluded among the mortals and is liberated from all
sins.
And who, in this frame of mind, sees my beginningless
nature in the clear light of self-knowledge, he knows that I am the
great lord of all beings, beyond causation (71-75). Like a philosopher's
stone among stones, nectar among liquids, he is a part of my divine
essence amongst all mortals. He is the embodiment of knowledge, moving
about and talking. His limbs are verily the blossoms of happiness and
his assumption of a human body is mere delusion. Just as a diamond found
in chamfer does not dissolve in water, although he moves about among men
like an ignorant person, he is not tainted by maya and gets rid
of all his sins. Just as a serpent flees from a burning sandalwood tree,
so desires leave a person who knows me (76-80). If the thought has
occurred to you how to know what I am and what the modes of my being
are, I shall tell them to you, listen. My manifestations are spread in
different being in this universe, taking form according to their
dispositions.
- Intelligence, knowledge, freedom from delusion, forbearance,
truthfulness, self-control, serenity, happiness, sorrow, birth and death
and fear as also fearlessness,
- Non-violence, even-mindedness, contentment, austerity, charity, fame
and infamy - these different modes of beings spring from me alone.
Intelligence is the first of my modes. Thereafter
unlimited knowledge, absence of delusion, forbearance, forgiveness and
truth followed by self-control and sense-restraint and o Arjuna, the
pleasure and pain in this world, as well as birth and deaths are the
modes of my being. So are, o son of Pandu, fear, fearlessness,
non-violence, equality, contentment and austerities (81-85). Similarly
charity, success and infamy, which one comes across everywhere, are
produced in the beings by my alone. Just as living beings are different,
so are my modes different. Some of these modes have knowledge of my
divine being; others are ignorant of it. Light bursts at sunrise,
darkness spreads at sunset, both arise from the sun. So to know me and
not to know me are the result of actions in previous births and so modes
differ in different created beings. Thus, my nodes (86-90) pervade O
Arjuna, this universe of living beings. Now I shall tell you about the
guardians of creations who are my eleven projections, under whose
command all created beings deport themselves.
- the seven great seers of old as also the four manus, from whom, the
human race has sprung. Are of my very essence, born of my mind.
Then there are seven famous seers such as Kashyapa, who
are endowed with all virtues and are perfect in wisdom among all sages.
Besides these, there are also four manus, beginning with the
self-existent (svayambhuva). o wielder of the bow, these are my
eleven projections, emanating from my mind, to undertake created, the
three worlds were not properly arranged and the five gross elements had
remained functionless (91-95). Then came these eleven projections of
mine, which formed the worlds and created guardians to protect them. In
this way these eleven beings are the rulers of the world, with all the
people therein as their subjects. Know that this expanse of the universe
has come out of my very being. Behold, there is at the start only a
germ, which bursts into a stem, which then grows into shoots and
branches. Form the branches come out twigs which bear leaves and tender
foliage, from which blossom flowers and fruits. Thus grows a tree, but
if you think over it, it is the single germ, which has spread out as a
tree (96-100). So I was alone at the beginning; from me the mind was
born, and from the mind came into being the seven sages and the four
manus. They created the guardian deities to preside over the world, from
whom sprang the three worlds and all living beings. So this entire
universe has expanded from my being and so only those who realise that
all these projections have their origin from me, are blessed with true
insight.
- He, who knows truly this creative power and manifestation of mine,
becomes united with unshakable yoga; of this there is no doubt.
So, my modes and manifestations pervade o Arjuna, this
universe. Hence. From Brahma to an ant, there is nothing but my divine
self (101-105). He, who knows this well, is truly awakened, and he does
not suffer from the dream of distinctions among living beings as good
and bad. Whoever realises through yoga that I am not different from my
manifestations and the living beings born of these manifestations
becomes one with heart soul and me. O Arjuna, whoever worships me with
this vision of unity, I become his servant by reason of this worship.
Therefore, I have taught you this yoga of devotion, consisting of
knowledge of unity, which continues without interruption. Even if one
meets his death while practicing this devotion, it is all to the good.
This is what I told you in the sixth chapter (106-110). If you wish to
know this devotional yoga of God's unity, listen to these words of
mine.
- Knowing that I am the source of all, and that everything proceeds
from me, the wise worships me full of rapturous devotion.
O Arjuna, I am the source from which this universe
takes its birth and sustenance. Just as waves arise in water, take
shelter in water and have their being in water, and is nothing but
water, so there is nothing in this world without me. The knows of self
who realise this all-pervasive nature a of mine and worship me with true
devotion and love (111-115), and know that I am not separate from place,
time and circumstance, recollect me in their mind and happily sport in
the three worlds, just as the wind, taking the form of a kasha, moves in
the akasha. They also regard that every being that they see is of divine
nature. Know that this is my true yoga of devotion.
- With their mind and life centered on me, extolling me to one
another, and constantly conversing about me, they find solace and
rejoice.
Those who have become united with heart soul, and me
and become thoroughly contented, have become forgetful of birth and
death in their passionate zeal for self-knowledge. Then they begin to
dance, in sheer ecstasy, with the joy of conversation, exchanging their
thoughts and experiences of self-knowledge (116-120). When two
close-lying lakes in spate overflow into each other, their waters mingle
and their waves rise into spirals, so in the union of self-realised
devotees, the ripples of their ecstatic joy get woven into a braid and
the grandeur of self-knowledge of one displays itself, in harmony with
the self-knowledge of the other. As if the sun should wave a light
before another sun or the moon should embrace another moon, or two
streams of equal flow should mingle with one another, so when such
blessed souls come together, they form a confluence of sacred streams of
divine life, throwing up on its surface pure sentiments (sattvic
bhavas). Then the devotees become as it were presiding deities on
the high way in the form of a dialogue. Overflowing with this supreme
bliss they forget their body-consciousness and proclaim loudly their
rapturous joy at having attained union with me, (121-125). They declare
to the whole world in a sonorous voice like that of clouds the secret
and music mantra, which the master discloses in solitude to his
disciple. Just as when a lotus blossoms, it is unable to contain its
sweet smell within itself, and wafts it equally to prince and pauper, so
these devotees, while singing my glory, become so absorbed in the soul's
joy that they become oblivious of everything and thereby lose their
body-consciousness. Utterly oblivious of the time's flow by day and
night in this overflowing love for god, they remains settled in the
enjoyment of their blissful union with me.
- To those, who ever absorbed in yoga worship me with love, I give the
yoga of wisdom by which they come unto me.
O Arjuna, of whatever gifts I wish to give them, they
have already picked up the choicest one (126-130). Considering the
highway, which they have started to tread to come to me, heaven and
liberation seem like by 1lanes. The devotion, which they bear me, is my
gift to them. Whatever I wished to give them, they have at ready
appropriated it. My only wish now is that this devotional love of theirs
should go on increasing and the malignant glance of time should not fall
on it. Just as doting mother follows its child at play wherever it goes
and provides it with whatever toys it asks for, so it is my pleasure to
increase the status of devotion (131-135). I wish to increase especially
those methods of worship by practicing which my devotees will find it
easy to come to me. Since my devotees will find it easy to come to me.
Since my devotees are attracted to me I am also drawn to them because of
their single - minded devotion; for loving devotees are rare in my
abode. See, for the comfort of ordinary devotees, I have earmarked the
well-trodden paths of paradise and liberation and I have allotted to
them even my person with goddess Lakshmi, but I have set apart for my
intimate debates the supreme bliss of self-knowledge. O Arjuna, this way
I love and keep my loving devotees close to me. But it is beyond the
power of words to describe this love (136-140).
- Out of pure compassion for them, I, dwelling in their hearts,
destroy the darkness born of ignorance with the shining lamp of isdom.
For those who have taken refuge in me and regard all
else as trash through devotion, o great warrior, I light the torch of
camphor and walk in front of them as their torch-bearer even in broad
daylight. For these devotees, I dispel the darkness of the night of
primeval ignorance and bring them the dawning light of wisdom. When the
supreme person beloved of his devotees, spoke thus, Arjuna said, "Now
all my desires are fulfilled. O lord, you have swept away the dust of
worldly existence and freed me from the cycle of birth the death
(141-145). O god, I have seen with my own eyes the meaning of my birth,
and I feel as if I have acquired now the art of living. O lord, I
received the grace to hear from your own mouth your sacred utterance and
so have achieved the purpose o my life. Fortune has dawned upon me, and
with the darkness of ignorance gone in the light of your utterance, I
have received the true vision of your being".
Arjuna said:
- You are the supreme Brahman, the supreme abode, the ultimate, the
all-holy, the eternal divine being, the perennial god, birthless,
all-pervading.
O lord of the universe, you are the supreme Brahman,
the haven of rest for all the gross elements, the holiest of the holy.
You are the supreme deity of the triad of Brahma, Vishnu and Mahesha,
the Purusha, the twenty-fifth principle and also the being who is beyond
maya (145-150). O lord, I know now that you are existent since
eternity and you are without such qualities as birth and decay. You are
the Supreme Being who pulls the strings of the past, present and future
times, the guardian deity of the individual selves and the support of
the universe.
- So say all the seers, as also Narada, the divine sage, Asita,
Debala, Vyasa, and you too tell me so.
And in another way also, I have come to know the truth
of all this. Sages in the past too had told up such stories about you,
but the truth of what they said has come home to me now. O god, this is
all due to your grace. The divine sage Narada used to visit our home and
sing your glosses; but we used to appreciate his sweet music and not its
deeper meaning (151-155). The sun shines in the house of the blind, they
only feel his warmth, but how could they see his light? So when the
divine sage used to give us instruction in the doctrine of the self, his
musical notes only used to touch the chords of our hearts. I used to
hear Asita and Devala also extol your divine glory, but at that time my
mind was filled with the poison of sensuous pleasures. So deadly is the
poison that the Absolute Truth, which is really sweet tastes bitter,
while the sensuous pleasures, although bitter, tastes sweet. Why talk of
others? Even sage Vyasa used to come to our place and describe your
glorious life (156-160). But then I was like a person, who, stumbling
upon a philosopher's stone (chintamani) in the dark paid no
attention to it, until he recognized its true value after the day
dawned. So although the talks of Vyasa and other were veritable mines of
gems of knowledge, I brushed them aside, until I saw their worth in the
light of your instruction.
- All this what you say, O Keshava, I believe to be true. Neither the
gods nor the demons know your true manifestation, O Lord.
Now the RAS of your words have entered my heart and
removed the ignorance about the paths taught by the sages. O Lord, their
teachings were veritable seeds of knowledge, and they had gone deep into
the soil in the form of my heart. These seeds, moistened by your grace,
have borne fruit in the form of your divine discourse. O infinite lord,
I have become as it were the sea of your blissful discourse, into which
have flowed the teachings of sages like Narada in the form of river
streams (161-165). O, my Master, you brought about what meritorious
actions performed by me in many previous births could not achieve. For I
had heard my elders extol your greatness on many occasions, but I could
make neither head nor tail out of it, until I received your grace. When
fortune smiled upon one, one's efforts bear gruit. Likewise, with the
grace of the Guru, one realises the truth of what one has heard and
studied. The gardener tends the garden toiling and sweating by watering
the fruit trees, but the trees bear fruit only on the advent of the
spring. A patient can relish dainty dishes only when the fever subsides.
The medicine does not taste sweet until it cures the disease and
restores health (166-170). The senses, speech and the vital berate
achieve their purpose, only when they are moved by the spirit. Thus, it
is only when a disciple receives the grace of his master that he reaps
the benefit of his Vedic studies or spiritual practices. This conviction
dispelled all doubts of Arjuna and made him dance with joy. He said, "O
God, your words have convinced me. O Deliverer, I know now that you are
obscure even to the gods and the demons. I now realise that no one who
ventures upon knowing you solely relying on his intellect, will gain any
knowledge of you without being initiated by you (171-175).
- You yourself alone know Yourself, O Supreme Person, the cause and
the Lord of creatures, O God of Gods, the ruler of the world.
Just as the sky knows its own expanse, or the earth its
own mass, so you yourself, O Lord of Lakshmi, know your infinite power.
The Vedas, Shastras and the Puranas boast in vein of their knowledge of
you. O Lord, who can surpass the mind in speed? How can anyone clasp the
wind in his arms? How can anyone swim across the river of maya
with unaided arms? It is equally hard to know you; indeed no mortal
can do so without help. You alone know your real Self and you yourself
are capable of making others, by your spoken word, to realise you
(176-180). O, you, creator of the universe, O you, the lion who destroys
the elephant of worldly existence, O you, the Providence who is the only
object of worship to all gods, do you hear me? Knowing your glory as I
do, I am not even fit to stand in your presence. If I were to flinch now
because of my unworthiness, From beseeching a favor from you, then there
is no other way to attain you. Even if the rivers and the seas are
overfulling in all ways, of what use are they to the Chataka birds? It
is only when the clouds shed a few drops of water, they will have water
to drink. In the same way, o Lord Krishna, although there are many
Masters in the world, You are all in all to us. This is enough. Now tell
me about your manifestations.
- Pray tell me in full your divine manifestations, by which
manifestations you remain pervading this world.
O Lord, show me some of your divine, all-pervasive and
patent manifestations (181-185). O Infinite God, tell me some of your
well-known and principal manifestations, by which you have remained
pervading this world.
- How may I know you, O Yogi, constantly meditating upon you? In what
particular aspects are you to be meditated upon, O blessed Lord?
O Lord, How do I know you and meditate upon you? If it
is said you dwell everywhere, then no meditation is possible. Therefore,
whatever manifestations you had talked about before repeat them to me in
greater detail. Explain your Yoga very clearly so that I can mediate
upon it without effort.
- Tell me again in detail, your creative power (Yoga) and your
manifestations, O oppressor of foes. For while hearing your Ambrocial
words, I feel no satiety.
O Lord of all beings, tell me about your
manifestations, about which I have asked. If you say why you should tell
the same things over and over again (186-190), please do not entertain
this doubt even for a moment, O oppressor of foes. For even an ordinary
person is not satiated by the drink of nectar which is offered to him
every now and then. This nectar is, however, the brother of poison, and
even though the gods drank it out of fear of death, fourteen Indras rise
and fall during the span of Brahma's Day. This nectar, which was
recovered from the churning of the Milky Sea, has received without any
apparent reason the name of 'giver of immortality.' But no one is sated
with this sweet drink and cries 'enough of it.' If such a trivial drink
is held in high regard, then your talk is truly an embrocial drink of
wisdom. It has not been obtained by churning the sea of milk by using
the Mandara Mountain as the churning rod it is naturally without
beginning and self-existent (191-195). It does not drip, is neither thin
nor thick, and no one can know its sweetness of its smell, but one
realises it that yearns for it. No sooner your sweet words fall on the
ears, than the worldly existence appears illusory and the Yogi attains
to uninterrupted eternal life. Because of it birth and death subside
without a trace and the supreme bliss of self-realization pervades him
in and out. If this drink becomes available to a person by good luck, it
unites him with the supreme self. You are giving me such Ambrocial drink
of wisdom, that I cannot say I have had enough of it. O God, I like your
name, I have also met you and enjoyed your company and on the top of it
you are joyously chatting with me (196-200). I do not know how to
describe this happiness flowing from your talk but it gives me great
joy. I, therefore, feel that I should hear it from your mouth again. O
Lord, does the sunlight ever become stale? Can one call the fire impure?
Or will the ever-flowing water of the river Ganges ever become unclean?
When I heard your words of wisdom, I felt as if I was hearing the word
of God incarnate and was smelling the flower of sandalwood.' Hearing
this speech of Arjuna, Lord Krishna started reeling with great joy and
said, "This Partha has verily become the repository of both knowledge
and devotion." Delighted by Arjuna's speech, the Lord experienced the
exhilaration of love for him, but collecting himself with great
difficulty, he began to speak (201-205).
The blessed Lord said:
- Well then I shall recount to you my divine manifestations, but only
the chief ones, O best of Kurus, for there is no limit to my
expanse.
Forgetting that he was the father of Brahma the
creator. 'Lord Krishna said to Arjuna, "BA Arjuna, you have spoken
well." But you should not feel any surprise that the Lord called Arjuna,
'BA' (Father), because had he not become himself the son of
Nanda? When there is excess of love, such things happen. Then the Lord
said,"O archer, listen to what I am going to say. My manifestations
about which you asked are unlimited in number. So even though they are
my' manifestations, they are beyond the comprehension of my intellect.
Just as no one can count the number of hair on one's body, I cannot
count my manifestations (206-210). Even otherwise, I am myself not aware
of what I am and how great. Therefore, I shall tell you my foremost
manifestations. If you comprehend them, you will come to know the other
manifestations too. Just as one becomes possed of the tree if he has its
seed, or if one owns the garden, one become possessed of its flowers and
fruits, so by knowing my manifestation, you will grasp the whole
universe. O Partha, there is no end to my expanse since even things as
bit as the vault of heaven are contained in me.
- I am the Self, O gudakesha (Arjuna) that dwells in the hearts of all
beings. I am the beginning, the middle, and also the end of al beings.
Hear you, O Arjuna, who have curly hair on your head
and who are like Lord Shiva in the science of archery, I dwell as the
Self in every living being (211-215). I abide in the heart of all beings
and pervade the outer space also. I am also the beginning, the end and
the middle of existence. The sky remains up and down, inside and outside
of the clouds, which are born in the sky, stay in the sky and when they
dissolve, remain in the sky, even so I am the origin, the support, the
destroyer and the final goal of all living beings. You will come to know
my boundless expanse and pervasive quality through these manifestations.
Therefore, listen, being all ears with the soul in it. Now hear about my
foremost manifestations. I wanted to tell them to you, but they remained
to be told (216-220).
- Of the Adityas, I am Vishnu; of the luminaries I am the rising sun;
I am Marichi of the Maruts; of the asterisms I am the moon.
With these words the gracious Lord said: Among the
twelgve adityas. I am Vishnu. Among the lustrous things, I am the sun
with respleadent rays. I am the Marichi among fifty Maruts and the moon
among the stars in the sky.
- Of the vedas I am the Samaveda; of the celestials I am Indra; of
thesenses I am the mind; of the creatures consciousness.
Shri Gobinda said further : I am Samaveda among the
Vedas. Among the gods I am Indra, the friend of Maruts. Among the
senses, I am the eleventh sense, the mind. I am also the consciousness
among all the living beings.
- Of the Radras I am Shiva, and the god of wealth of Yakshas and
demons; of the Vasus, I am Agni (fire), and Meru of the mountains.
Among the Rudras, I am shri Shakara, the enemy of the
god of love. Have no doubt about this (221-225). Among the Yakshas and
demons, I am wealthy Kubera, the friend of Shri Shankara, so said Shri
Ananta. I am fire among the eight Vasus and Meru, the highest among the
mountains with peaks.
- Know me, O Partha, as Brihaspati, the chief among house priests. Of
the generals I am Skanda, and of the water, I am the ocean.
- Of the great seers, I am Bhrigu, of words, I am the muttered prayer,
Of stationery things the Himalayas.
I am Brihaspati, who is the support of Indra's throne,
the ancient seat of learning and the chief of priests. O Arjuna, I am
Kartikaswami, the chief among generals of the three worlds, who was born
in the womb of Krittika from the seed of Lord Shiva through the medium
of fire. I am the ocean of waters among the lakes. I am the great
escetic Ghrigu among the great seers (226-230). I am that single
syllable Om, which manifests Truth prominently in speech, and of all the
sacrifices, I am the muttered prayer. In which the repetition of a
mantra such as om preceded by the relinquishment of the
fruit of action culminates. For that repetition of God's name, which
itself is a great sacrifice and does not require such acts as bath etc.,
sanctifies both pious and impious acts and is known to the Vedas as the
supreme Brahman. I am the Himalayas, the treasure of auspiciousness,
among the immovables of the earth, so said the husband of goddess
Lakshmi.
- Of all the trees, I am Ashvattha, of divine seers, Narada, of the
celestial singers, Chitraratha, and of the Siddhas, the sage Kapila.
- Know me to be, of the horses, the nectar-born Uchchaishravas, of
lordly elephants, Airavata and of men, the monarch.
The wish - yielding tree, the coral tree and the
sandalwood tree are all famous for their qualities', I am the holy
fig-tree among the trees (231-235). O Arjuna, know me to be Narada mong
the divine seers. I am Uchchaishtavas, among the famous horses and am
Airavata among the elephants, the glory of kings. I am the nectar which
the gods took out from the Milky sea aftere churning it. The monarch who
is served by all his subjects is my special manifestation among all
men.
- Of weapons, I am the tunderbolt, of the cows, the wish - yielding
cow; iam cupid, the progentiter, of the serpents, I am Vasuki.
- I am Ananta (Shesha) of snakes, and Varuna of acquatic creatures; of
the ancestors, I am Aryaman, and Yama of those who curb.
O Partha, I am the thunderbolt in the hand of Indra,
the performer of hundred sacrifices, which is the foremost among weapons
(236-240). Among the cows, I am the wish - yielding cow, so said Lord
Krishna, I am the god of love, who is responsible for procreation. I am
Vasuki, the chief among the serpents and the Shesha among the snakes.
Shri krishna siad, I am Varuna among the acquatic deities, the guardian
of the west. I am also the deity aryam of the Manes. I am telling this
truth to you that among the restrainers, I am yama, the judge of all
actions (241-245) who taking stock of men's good and evil actions and
judging their motives dispenses to all the fruits of their actions
strictly according to their deserts.
- I am Prahlada among the demons, Time among the rekoners. Of wild
beasts I am the lion (mirgendra) and the eagle-god of birds.
O Partha, bear in mind that I am Prahlada, born in the
race of demons. He was, therefore, not defiled by the demoniacal nature.
Lord Krishna said, I am the Mahakala, the Time, of those who wear out
and destroy things and the tiger among fierce beasts. O Arjuna, listen.
I am the eagle-god among the birds, because of which he is able to carry
me on his back.
- I am the wind among those who move fast, I am Ram among the wielders
of weapons. Of fishes I am the crocodile (makara), of the rivers, I am
the Ganges.
O wielder of the bow, among those who move fast, I am
the wind, who circumambulates round the earth and the seven oceans with
one bounce in lessthan half an hour (246-250). Among the wielders of
wean. I am Ram, who, finding the religion in peril in the Tretayuga,
espoused its cause and turned the face of victory towards him. Thin
standing on the top of the suveli mountain, he cut off the heads of
Ravana, the mighty lord of Lanka and offred them as oblations to the
spirits. who were hailing his victory in the sky. He preserved the
dignity of gods, restored the religion to its former glory and became
another sun born in the solar race (251-255). I am indeed, that Ram,
husband of Sita, among the bearers of weapons. Crocodile I am among the
aquatic animals with tails. (251-255) Know that among the flowing
rivers, I am the Ganges (Jahnavi), Whom Jahnu gulped while she was being
brought to earth by Bhagiratha and took her out of his thingh. Ir I
werre to describe my different manifestations in this world, I will nor
be able to describe even half of them in thousand births.
- Of the creations, I am the beginning, middle and the end, O Arjuna.
I am self-knowledge among knowledges, I am the debate of disputants.
- Of the syllables, I am the syllable a, and dvandva among the
compounds; I am also time eternal; I am the supporter with faces
everywhere.
Just as one wishing to pick up the stars will have to
tie up the sky in one's bag or if one wishes to count the atoms of the
earth, One must hold the globe in one's armpit, so one must know me in
order to perceive my expance (256-260). Just as a person wishing to
gather in a bundle the branches, flowers and fruits, has to uproot the
tree, one must understand my flawless nature in order to know all my
special manifestations. Otherwise, O Arjuna, how long would you hear
about my different manifestations? Therefore, try to understand that I
am also, O Arjuna, the origin, the middle and the end of all this
created world. Just as the thread fills the warp and woof of cloth, know
that I pervade this whole universe. Once you know this, then you will
not find it necessary to understand all my manifestations. This however,
to understand all my manifestations. This however, is still beyond your
capacity, and so leave it alone (261-265). Since you have asked me about
the manifestations, O Arjuna, listen to me I am the knowledge of the
self which I have told you, among all lores. I am the debate among those
who love to argue. This debate never comes to an end, as the shastras do
nor reach a consensus. but the debate increases with the presentation of
their doctrines, resulting in forceful arguments and giving greater
scope to eloquent orations, I am that debate in which the disputants try
to establish their own doctrines, so said shri Gobinds. I am clearly the
letter a among the alphabets, and know that I am the copulative compound
among the compounds. I am also the Time (Kala) who devours all from the
mosquito to god Brahma (266-270). I am that unlimited time, who at the
time of dissolution destroys the whole world along with the mountain
Including meru, who absorbs then and there the waters inundating the
world, who clasps the fire to his bosom, devours the wind and also
contains the akasha within his belly, so said the husband of
goddess Lakshmi. He further added, "I am also the creator of this world
at the beginning of the cycle."
- I am the all-devouring Death, and the origin of things to come; of
the feminine virtues, I am fame, prosperity, speech, memory,
intelligence, fortitude and forgiveness.
Know that I create all beings, I am also their support
and I am their all-devouring death too. I have also seven female
manifestations which I shall tell you with delight (271-275). O Arjuna,
fame, which is ever fresh, is the very image of my divine being. Know
that I am also wealth which is joined to generosity. I am also the
speech which is enthroned on the seat of reason and treads along the
path of discriminating knowledge. I am also the power of recollection,
by which a person after seeing a thing, remembers me as its creator. I
am also the intelligence, which brings about one's well being in this
world and am also fortitude (that makes men endure hardships and
forgiveness. I am, therefore, these seven female powers, so said the
lord, the lion who destroys the elephant in the form of worldly
existence (276-280).
- likewise, I am Brihatsama of hymns, and Gayatri of the metres. Of
the months I am Margashirsha, of seasons the spring.
The Lord of Lakshmi said, O my dearest friend, know
without doubt that I am the brihatsama of the Samaveda in the
Vedas and the metre known as gayatri of the metres. The lord
added, I am the margashirsha month of all months and the
flowering spring among the seasons.
- I am the gambling of the cheats, the splendor of the splendid, I am
victory, the resolve, ad the goddness of the good.
- I am Vasudeva of the Vrishnis, and Dhananjaya Of the pandavas. Of
the sages, I am Vyasa, and the poet Ushanas (Shukra) of the wise.
O clever Arjuna, I am the gambe among the deceitful
arts and so the victim of gambling on the highway cannot be saved. O
Partha, know fully well that I am the splendour smong all splendid
things. I am also the success which crowns effort in all undertakings
(281-285). I am also the profession which adopts the moral path in any
undertaking, so said further : I am the godness of the good, and also
the most glorious among the Yadavas. Born of Vasudeva and Devaki, I was
removed to Gokula to take the place ofthe daughter of Yashoda. When
Putana came to poison me, I sucked her to death. Even when the bud of my
childhood had not fully blossomed, I made the earth free from demons. I
held the Goverdhana mountain on the palm of my hand and brought down the
prestige of Indra. I pulled out the cobra kalia, who was a thorn in the
bosom of the river Yamuna and saved the ntire Gokula by swallowing its
burning flames. When god Brahma lifted the calves of Gokula, I created
exactly similar calves and outwitted him (286-290). In my childhood, I
destroyed such fomidable foes as Kamsa and Chanura. Why should I tell
you all this? You have heard and seen many such events yourself. I am,
therefore, vasudeva smong the Yadavas. I am also Arjuna amongst you
pandavas, born of the lunar race and therefore, our mutual love does not
suffer any breach. In the guise of an ascetic you kindnapped my sister
Subhadra, but I did not entertain any gurdge towards you; for we have
one soul in two bodies. I am also Vyasa, the foremost among sages and I
am also Shukracharya, the eminent among wise men, so said lord krishna,
the king of Yadavas (291-295).
- I am the rod of those that chastise, and the statesmanship of those
that seek victory. I am the silence too of the mysteries and the wisdom
of the wise.
O Partha, among those who chatise, I am that inexorable
sceptre which chatise, I am that inexorble sceptre which chastens all
beings from an ant to god Brahms. I am ethics among all scinces, wich
discriminates between god and evil and sides with duth and wisdom. I am
silence, O brave Arjuna, the greatest among mysteries and therefore,
even god Brahma seems ignorant before one who observes silence. Know
that I am the wisdom in the wise. Enough of all this, because there is
no end to these manifestations.
- Whatever is the seed of all creatures, I am that, O Arjuna. There is
nor a thing, moving or stationary, which can exist without me.
- There is no end to my divine manifestations, O scorcher of foes.
However, I have said this to illustrate the full extent of my glory.
O Arjuna can anyone count the showers of rain or the
blades of grass on the earth? (296-300). Just as no one can state
definitely the number of waves on the sea, so no one can measure my
special characteristics. Even then, O Arjuna, I have descrived to you
seventy-five manifestations, which are the chief ones among those I
possess. But I think that the purpose with which you asked about my
manifestations has nor been served. The extent of my other
manifestations is limitless. How many of them can I tell you and how
many of them will you hear? Therefore, I shall speak to you of my
deepest secret, that I am the primary seed from which aprout forth all
created beings. therefore, do not regard anything as small or great,
give up all distinctions of high and low, but know for certain I am all
this universe (301-305). but over and above this I shall tell you, O
Arjuna, a general characteristic by which you will be able to recognise
my manifestations.
- Whatever being is majestic, excellent or mighty. know that to have
sprung from a fragment of my splendor.
O winner of wealth, whoever possesses wealth and
compassion, know that to be my manifestation.
- Or what is the use of your knowing all these details, O Arjuna?
Pervading this whole universe. I abide in it with a fragment of myself.
But the sun's disc exists in the sky, yet its light fills the entire
universe. In the same way, he is neither alone nor destitute, whose
command is obeyed all over theworld. does the wish-yielding cow have to
gather materials to fulfil the desires of others? No, she gives to anyone
whatever he desires all at once. so every manifestation of mine possesses
abundant majesty (306-310). Know that this is the one characteristic by
wich one can recognise my manaifestations. those maanifestations before
whom the whole world prostrates itself obeying their orders, are my
incarnations. But it is a great error to distinguish between my
manifestations as high and low, as I am this whole universe. why should
you therefore, debase your reason by imagining distinctions in my
manifestations as common and extraaordinary? Why should on chrun clarified
butter unnecessarily or boil nectar and lose half of ir? Does the wind
have right and left? If one were to see the front and the rear of the sun,
he will only lose his sight. so there are no gradations of high and low in
my divine being (311-315). O Arjuna, I have innumerable manifestations of
different kinds; how can you count them? so give up this effort to know
me. As I have pervaded this world with a fraction of my divine being, give
up the notions of distinctions and worship my different manifestations
with the same consideration.
Thus spoke the Lord of divine majesty who is the very
spring which delights the eforest in the form of men of wisdom and keeps
company with the ascetics. Then Arjuna said, "O Lord, you seem to have
said all this without proper thought. you said that we should give up all
distinctions. But does the sun ever say to the world to drive away
darkness? it would ndeed be rash on my part to call you thoughtless
(316-320). O Lord, if a person utters your name with his lips or hears it
with his ears, he will get rid of all notions of distinctions. NOw that,
with my great good luck, I have attained to you, how can these
distinctions survive? O Lord, can anyone enter the moons's disc and be
affected with heat? Only you with all your greatness can afford to talk
like this." After hearing these words of Arjuna, the lord was overjoyed
and after embracing Arjuna said, "I said all this outwardly to find out
whether the unity of all the different manifestations of which I spoke has
left its stamp on your mind (321-325). but I am now convinced that you
have a proper understanding of my manifestations." Arjuna thereupon said,
"It is for you to see whether I have understood or not. I, on my part, now
know that this whole universe is filled with your divine presence."
In this way, O King, Arjuna becaame fit for the
experience of Brahman. When sanjaya was narrating all this, king
Dhritarashtra was sitting quiet. Sanjaya fest sore at heart, seeing him in
that state and said to himself, "Is it nor amazing that one should miss
what good luck has brought him ? I had tought that atleast he possessed
sound intelligence. But it is nor so, he is blind nor less inwardly as
outwardly. Arjuna, however is trying to achieve the full measure of his
good fortune. for there sprang in his heart another ardent desire
(326-330). he said, " I have realised now that you are all this unverse,
but I long to perceive it with my own eyes". As Arjuna was fortune's
favourite, he could hope to see the cosmic form of the lord. O hearers,
Arjuna was as it were, a branch of the wish-yielding tree which could
never produce barren flowers. for whatever came out of his lips was
accomplished by the lord. for he had lord Krishna as his great master, who
himslef became poison at the bidding ofpralhada. so Jnanadeva, the
disciple of Nivritti, says, I shall next narrate to you how Arjuna will
proceed to ask the lord to show him his universal form (331-335).
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