• ' • . . *' - J: ' 

^qLERANc^; 




❖ 




THE 



umit lountal tofotofc to % literature aito ^Pusopjj, of % Craft. 

Published by the Authority of the Sovereign Sanctuary of the Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry in 

and for Great Britain and Ireland. 

Edited by the GRAND INSPECTOR-GENERAL. 


Vol. III. No. 11. 


NOVEMBER, 1883. 


( 8 ” l 2S p,r ) 2s. [Monthly. 


EDWARD STILLWELL & SON, 

WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS OF 

Masonic Furniture, Fittings, Clothing, Jewels, 
Sworc/s, Charms, Rings, 

And every requirement for all Degrees, including the 

“a. & 13. tfitte,” 

GOLD LACEMEN AND EMBROIDERERS, 

Army & Uavy Accoutrement Manufacturers. 

Price List on application. All Order* promptly executed. 

“LIBERAL TERMS TO SHIPPERS." 


gtsfaBCisBmevtfs at 

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And all other requisites for theso degrees. Price according 
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„ „ „ S. GRt 10/6 

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ESTABLISHED 1851. 

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Accounts opened according to the usual practice of other Bankers, and 
Interest allowed on the minimum monthly balances when not drawn below 
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Money on Deposit at Three per Cent. Interest, repayable on demand. — The 
Bank undertakes for its Customers, free of charge, the Custody of Deeds, 
Writings, and other Securities and Valuables; the Collection of Bills of 
Exchange, Dividends, and Coupons ; and the Purchase and Sale of Stocks 
and Shares. — Letters of Credit and Circular Notes issued. — A Pamphlet, with 
full particulars on application. 

FRANCIS RAVENSCROFT, Manager. 

31sfc March, 1S80. 

The Birkbeck Building Society's Annual Receipts 
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H OW TO PURCHASE A IIOUSE FOR TWO GUINEAS PER MONTH, 
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Gardening Purposes — Apply at the Office of the BIRKBECK FREEHOLD 
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Dedicated to W. Bro. J. II. Socthwood, 33° (P.M. & P.Z. 
1260, England), as a token of sincere regard and esteem , 
by the Authors. 

Words by Bro. J. A. WADE, E.S.A. 

(No. 2, Scotland). 

Music by Bro. LOUIS HONIG, 11° 

(Lodge of Asaph , 1319). 

PRICE TWO SHILLINGS. 


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At his Academy of Music, 

725, COMMERCIAL ROAD, E. 

And to be obtained of 

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THE KNEPH. 


^Lnttent uni j)ri«tti#f Hitt of JHasanr?. 

(INCLUSIVE OF MEMPHIS AND MIZRAJM.) 

The degrees of this Rite are open to all Master Masons in good standing. It teaches the Fatherhood of God the 
Brotherhood of Man, and the Immortality of the human Soul. Strictly unsectarian, it offers an intellectual treat 
of the highest order to the Masonic enquirer, whether he be a literal student of Masonic history, or a philosophical 
seeker of abstruse truth. It forms a pyramid whose base is that Universal Craft Masonry, which has covered the 
Globe, its time-worn ascents are the Masonic virtues, its apex the seat of eternal truth. 


OFFICERS OF THE SOVEREIGN SANCTUARY 

M- HI* Gr. Master-Gen., John Yarker, F.S.Sc. ; Chevalier of the 
Constantinian Order of St. George ; 33-96°, 90°, P.M.of all 
Orders, Pt. Sen. G. W. of Greece ; P. Gd, Constable of the 
Temple, &c., &c. ; Hon. 33*96° in America, Egypt, Italy, 
Roumania and Canada; Withington, Manchester. 

T. Ill- Gd. Adm.-Gen., Samuel P. Leather, 33-95°, 90°, P.M., 
P.M. Mk., P.Z., P.E.C., &c. ; Pt. Prov. G. Chancellor of 
the Temple ; Burnley, Lancashire. 

T. Ill- Gd. Keeper of Golden Bk., Jabez N. Hillman, F.S.Sc., 
33-95° 90°, P.M., P.Z., &c. ; Bedhampton, Havant. 

R. HI. Gd. Expert-Gen., Maurice L. Davies, Ph. D., D.D.S., 

F. S.Sc., 33-95°, 90°, P.M. P.Z. P.E.C.P.M.W., &c., Hon. 33° 
Roumania, 10, Lower Sackville Street, Dublin, Ireland. 

R. 111. G.M. of Cer., Henry Meyer, 33-95°, 90°, P.M.W. , 
The Limes, Upper Clapton, London. 

R. 111. Gd. Insp.-Gen., Charles Monck Wilson, 33-95°, 90°, 
P.M., &c., Rose Villa, North Strand, Limerick, Ireland. 

R. 111. Bro. Thomas Lawrence Shaw, 33-95,° 90°, &c.,&c., 
Pt. Gd. Inspec.-Gen., College Bounds, Aberdeen, N.B. 

R. HI. Gd. Examiner-Gen., Thomas Mackell Campbell, BB- 
SS 0 , 90°, P.M., P.Z., &c., 10, Carrick Street, Glasgow. 

R. 111. Gd. Clianc.-Gen., Joseph Hawkins, 33-95°, 90°, G.M.L., 
Roby, near Liverpool. 

R. 111. Gd. Treas.-Gen., John Henry Southwood, F.S. Sc., 
33-95°, 90°, P.M., P.Z., &c. ; 98, Houndsditch, London, E.C. 
R. 111. G. Keeper of Sane, A. D. Lowenstark, 33-95°, P.M. &c. 

V. HI. Bro. Clyde Duncan, 33-95°, 90°, Trongate Glasgow, 

G. M. of L., Assistant Grand Master of Ceremonies. 


OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND, 33-95°. 

Honorary.— 

M. 111. Bro. Alexander B. Mott, M.D., 33-96° 90° G.M. of 
America, 62, Madison Avenue, New York. 

M.Hl.Bro. Ferdinand Francis Oddi, F.S.Sc. Prof., 33-96°, 90°, 
G.M., Sov. Sane., Cairo, Egypt. 


Kepresentatibe*. 

To America. — R. 111. Bro. Wm. Youngblood, 33-95°, G.-Ex., 
430 Notre Dame-st, Montreal, Canada. 
From America— „ „ J. H. Southwood, 33-95°, Gd. Tr., 
98, Houndsditch, Lond on. 

To Tunis, Africa — „ N. S. Cassankllo, M.D.,3 
From Tunis — 

From Italy — 


John Yarker, 33-96°, G.M. Withington. 
C. M. Wilson, 33-95°, Rose Villa, North 
Strand, Limerick, Ireland. 

De Marinis Gennaro Generoso, 33°, 
Via Zuroli, 43 Naples. 

Prof. F.F. Oddi, F.S.Sc.33-96°,G.M.Cairo. 
Captain Constantine Moriou, 33°, G.M. 

Strada Morfu, 27, Bucharest. 
Maurice L. Davies, M.D., 33-95°, Gd. 
Expert, Dublin. 

Robt Ramsay, M.D., LL.D., 33-96°, 
G.M., Orillia, Ontario. 

Joseph Hawkins, 33-95°, Gd. Chanc. 
Roby, near Liverpool. 

Library. — As the formation of a library for the Antient and 
Primitive Rite is in progress, donations of Books will be thank- 
fully received. Brethren are requested to address their com- 
munications to Bro. John Yarker, Withington, Manchester. 


To Italy — 

To Egypt— 

To Roumania — 

From Roumania- 

To Canada— 

From Canada — 


Crantr JHgstic Ermple. 

COUNCIL GENERAL, 32-94° 

PROVINCE of LANCASHIRE & NORTHERN COUNTIES. 
Chartered 16th June , 1872. 

Gd. Master of Light III. Bro. J. Hawkins, 33-95° 

... „ ,, Ciias. James, 32-94° 


,, Orator ... 

,, Examiner ... ,, 

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3 , Treasurer ... „ 

3 , Keeper of Rites ,, 
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„ Hydranos or M. of C. 
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Past G. M. of Light ,, 
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W. H. Quilliam, 32-94° 
Richard Higham, 32-94° 
OnANNKS Andreasian, 32-94° 
Squire Chapman, 32-94° 
John Croll, 32-94° 

Richard Holt, 32-94° 

Tom Bradshaw, 32-94° 
Jonathan Gresty, 32-94° 

B. B. Labrey, 33-95° 

S. P. Leather, 33-95° 

John Yarker, 33-95° 

F. R. Mott, Sheffield. 

Jordan Ashworth, Bingley. 
^ With its GRAND TRIBUNAL, &c. MEETING on the 
SUMMONS of the GRAND ANNALIST. 

MANCHESTER. 

No. 2. — Palatine and Jerusalem. — Chapter, Senate and 
Council. 

R. III. Bro. J. R. DobsOn, 30°. M.W. 

,, ,, G. A. Robinson, 30°, S.G.C. 

,, ,, P. Tomlinson, 30°, Sub Dai. 

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-MEETING at the GROSVENOR HOTEL, on FOURTH 
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OFFICERS. 

Rt. III. Bro. J. II. Southwood, 33° 

,, „ „ Henry Meyer, 33° 

J. N. Hillman, 33° 
Bernard Meyer,” 31° 

K. R. IT. Mackenzie 
LL.D., 32° 

James Hill, 33° 
TiioSias Francis, 30° 
Edward Harrison, 31° 
John. Harrison, 31° 
Harry Trigg, 32° 

Louis Honig, 30° 

A. 0. Munro, 30° 


Rt. ,, 

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for South of England , Gor. G. Adames, 30 c 




^OLERANCf; 












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r ■ ■ f * V :*r ^7 

S- Utoitit Journal btfrofeb to % literature anb ^jjiloso^g of % Craft. 


Published by the Authority of the Sovereign Sanotuary of the Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry in 

and for Great Britain and Ireland. 

Edited by the GRAND INSPECTOR-GENERAL. 

,_*•■) [Monthly. 


Vol. III. No. II. 


NOVEMBER, 1S83. 


SUBSCRIPTION 2s. 


PER ANNUM, 


EXPLANATION OF THE CUBIC' STONE. 

This Stone is the essential foundation of our Order inas- 
much as it embodies the primitive conception of Science 
and Art, and it then becomes our duty to elaborate 
these researches in our ceremonies. 

First Face . — This side is a square divided into 100 
equal divisions, of which the first 26 contain an alphabet 
of hieroglyphics ; then follows 4 compound vowels and 
letters, and after that 1 2 of hieroglyphic punctuation or 
stops, interrogations, <kc., after that we have 18 squares 
of numerals or hieroglyphic figures from 1 up to 90. 
The remaining 40 squares contain the letters and nume- 
rals of the higher class of the Chapter degrees. 

At the head or Capital is the key to the first series of 
letters. The two levels which you behold at the side, 
proclaim to you that knowledge renders all men equal, 
and that talent elevates a man of ordinary station to a 
level with the great ones of the earth. 

The 12 stars on the outer edge refer to the 12 
months of the year. 

Second Face . — The next face of this stone is a master- 
piece ; it is divided into 81 equal parts or points, being 
the square of 9, though some use 100, in order to admit 
of a greater number of words : it is an arrangement 
embracing the greater part of our mysterious words. To 
comprehend this part begin with the letter Z at the base 
on the first liue to the left, and then take the letter I in 
the next square above it or in the first poiut of the 
second line, thus forming the first syllable of the P. W. 
of the 4° ; then take the of the second point of the 
first liue and pass to the first point of the third line, 
which forms the second syllable of the first word. From 
this point you proceed to read diagonally ; the rest of 
the words will be formed by tracing the angle from the 
highest left to the last right-han<J line, descending from 
the last point oil the left immediately above that with 
which you commenced, and finally concluding with the 
points in the right-hand top corner. At this capital is 
a large triangle composed of 16 smaller ones, in which is 
contained a pacred word composed of three others. The 
delta is an Egyptian emblem of the Deity, and the word 
here referred to is the unpronounceable name, the sacred 
tetragrammaton or great name of Jehovah, whipk 


ever placed in a delta. The cherubims at its side teach 
you the divine nature of the ceremonies of these grades, 
or the Masonic dogma of a sole Creator, of whom we 
ought never to lose sight in all our actions. 

At the sides are certain figures which are referred to 
in our various ceremonies as the ages of an E.A., F.C., 
and M. M., which further symbolise the art of computa- 
tion : the square of 3 is 9, which multiplied = 27 ; the 
square of 6 = 25, multiplied = 125 ; the square of 
7 = 49, multiplied = 343 ; the square of 9 = 81, 
multiplied = 729. 

Third Face. — The study of the sublime science of 
mathematics was confined to Initiates in the mysteries of 
the second degree ; this science conducts to the develop- 
ment of the organisation of all nature, in the observance 
of the course of the sun and moon and the periodical 
order of the seasons ; and this ancient system is repre- 
sented on this side of oar cubic stone. 

The four circles which you observe represent the four 
regions of the earth ; it was by the course of the sun 
that the four cardinal points were discovered, or E. W. 
N. S. ; the foXir enclosed squares serve to indicate angles 
of division for the seasons, and each represents a fourth 
of the solar year or 91 days, which makes 364, to which 
was added one, and two more days inserted at defined 
periods. In the centre is a triangle with the letter Jod, 
denominated the Grand All ; at the angles are the letters 
S. S. M. The Magi decomposed air and matter, aud 
they held salt, sulphur, and mercury to be the constitu- 
ents of all things, and embodied these principles in a 
delta which became the basis of their worship as repre- 
senting the supreme motive power, God or Jehovah, the 
soul of nature. They placed this triangle in the centre 
of divers circles and squares to indicate the vivifying 
principle represented by the Jod, which extends its rami- 
fications through all nature. At the four corners are re- 
presented, “Essence,” “Immensity,” “ Power,” “Unity.” 

On the capital is a square intersected by lines, which 
forms the key to the construction of the ancient arith- 
metical figures, which as they are fully explained in the 
degrees of our Senate, need not be further particularized 
here. It is cut into four equal parts by a perpendicular, 
horizontal, and diagonal line, and out of these may be 
-trucked the ten figures which form the vehicle of all 


82 


THE KNEPH. 


arithmetical computations. You can equally extract 
from this figure the ancient angular alphabet. It is 
from the ancient Initiates of the Mysteries that we 
derive the science of arithmetic and its natural outcome, 
geometry, which led them to the study of the inhabited 
world, and induced them to try to search the labyrinth 
of immensity and to pierce the azure vault. The instru- 
ments decorating the capital are those employed in the 
study of mathematics and geometry. 

The twelve stars allude to the twelve signs of the 
zodiac, into which the heavens were mapped by the 
Hierophants of the Mysteries. 

Fourth Face . — This last face represents a great circle 
divided into 360 degrees which the sun overruns every 
24 hours. Within this circle you distinguish three inter- 
laced triangles which form 27 divisions, in which is 
traced the invariable order of all known principles. To 
comprehend this side it is necessary to commence with 
the Grand All, or central triangle, representing to us 
Divinity or the soul of nature. It is from this central 
point that we see the marvels which surround us ; and 
we behold man placed upon this vast universe to admire 
with astonishment the infinity of the starry vault, inciting 
his curiosity to the study of nature in all its parts, and 
to ascertain the movements of the heavenly bodies. 
From the central fire springs “ Light,” “ Sound,” “ Body,” 
and thence, ‘‘Attraction,” “Repulsion,” “Circulation.” 
In decomposing light the Magi discovered three primary 
colours, red, yellow , blue ; the others are all a mixture 
of two of these colours, for red and yellow gives orange, 
yellow and blue gives green, blue and red gives violet ; 
white is not a colour, for it is light ; black is a negation. 
Other discoveries led to a knowledge of the three natural 
kingdoms, the animal , vegetable , and mineral , and they 
believed the world to be composed of a mixture called 
earth, mingled with water and salt. These nine qualities 
are represented in the nine small triangles formed at the 
intersections of the larger. 

These researches were advantageous, as they thereby 
discovered the “ Infinity” of nature in its constant 
renewal, and the omnipotence of that “Supreme Being” 
of whom the sun had long been a symbol, from the 
“ Chemity,” or influence which it had upon vegetation 
in general. In aggregating knowledge man desired to 
measure a superfice, and he then perceived the necessity 
of placing a “ Point” of departure, which leading onwards 
gave him the “ Line,” conducting to angles, and he 
reached exactly the “Surface” and the cube of different 
bodies. He had the temerity to seek to measure time, 
and arrived at a system of its “ Divisability.” He 
admired the perfection of certain bodies and found 
deformity in others, thus conceiving the idea of “ Pro- 
portion.” He saw that matter was either soft or hard/ 
and thereupon he formed an idea of “ Solidity.” All 
these principles are represented in the second 9 triangles. 
The need of sustenance compelled mankind to cultivate 
the earth, and “ Agriculture” became a science. Shelter 
from the inclemency of th'e seasons was needed, and in 
order to restrain the voracity of ferocious animals, they 
were obliged to build cabins, out of which sprung 
“ Architecture,” which vanity perfected. The sight of 
the celestial bodies goaded man’s curiosity, and led him 


to the study of “ Astronomy,” which science being culti- 
vated by the Magi, added greatly to the mysteries of 
religion, and gave birth to “ Metaphysics.” The wind, 
frost, thunder, lightning, heat, and cold, gave man the 
desire to ascertain the substance of air, which conducted 
naturally to “ Physics” and physical experiment, and 
proved to him that fire existed in all the matter which 
composed the earth. Penetrated with these truths he 
studied matter in general, took vegetables and minerals 
and sought a knowledge of their properties ; he found 
means of decomposing them, and reached “ Chemistry,” 
which led to the establishment of medical science and 
the arrangement of useful doses and omission of whatever 
was hurtful. By these discoveries the Magi acquired a 
still greater veneration from the people, who often 
rendered them homage as demi-gods. Hand-in-hand 
advanced “ Arithmetic,” “ Geometry,” and “ Mathe- 
matics.” .These important discoveries we find repre- 
sented in the outer or larger series of nine triangles. 

At the four corners of the stone are indicated those 
arts drawn from Nature. Born with man and the 
animal creation are voice and sound ; the songs of birds 
gave men the notion of harmony, which they termed 
“ Music,” the first of the arts, and leading to harmony 
in speech ; its “ Eloquence” was heard in the early poets, 
who employed it to sing the glory of gods and heroes. 
Amongst the stones formed by nature man discovered 
some resemblance to animate beings, of which he made 
household images, and afterwards by imitating these 
objects in earth and wood, “ Sculpture” began to appear, 
which naturally led to the perfecting of these creations 
by colouring matter, and the art of “ Paipting” sprung 
into being to please the eye ; this art arrived the last, 
and became so pleasing that it was carried to a high 
state of perfection. 

On the capital above the square are traced two semi- 
circles, in which are indicated two principles, “ Divinity* * 
and “Nature with the true Mason both are synony- 
mous, for all nature is submitted to an organized and 
periodical change, announcing to us that there must be 
a Grand Motor, which draws our veneration to Him, and 
forces us to admit that there can be nothing above Him. 
The symbols of the seveu planets which decorate the 
capital announce to you the great personages who 
anciently governed the earth, and were afterwards placed 
in the heavens by those who admired them. The Sun 
represents Apollo the god of light, sciences and arts — 
celestial light ; the Moon represents the goddess Diana, 
tl\e sister of Apollo, the darkness of intellect ; Mars, god 
of . war, teaches us to combat vice ; Mercury , the divine 
scribe, he carries the caduceus of eloquence and truth ; 
Jupiter is the emblem of divine power ; Venus , goddess 
of beauty and mother of love ; Saturn, god of time, 
incessantly destroying and renewing each day. The 
attributes at the sides point out to us the sacrifices and 
oblations which were practised in the worships of 
antiquity, and of which we yet conservo some usages. 

The twelve stars allude to the twelve cosmogonical 
powers, which sprang from the Sole Author, and which 
were arranged by the Initiates of the Mysteries in 
groups of threes. 

Top. — The Flaming-star, or emblem of the three first 


THE KNEPH. 


83 


degrees, in which is the letter G, or the Hebrew Jod, is 
a symbol of the Supreme Power, the source of all light, 
and is placed upon the top of the Stone. This summit 
represents to us heaven, the eternal sojourn of Divine 
Providence, adored by Masons under the title of 
T.S.A.O.T.U. The nine stars which surround it repre- 
sent the nine months of Spring, Summer, and Autumn, 
the three Winter months being omitted, as by the 
ancients they were given over to the powers of darkness. 

(N.B. — To adapt or rectify this Stone to the Senate, 
the first face would contain the secret cyphers of the 
Senate and Areopagus ; the second face, the words of 
the second series ; the third face, the Hermetic Cross ; 
the fourth face, the Mystic Ladder. To adapt it for 
the Council, the first face would contain the secret 
cyphers of a Consistory and Council ; the second, the 
words of the third series ; the third, three interlaced 
circles ; the fourth, a pyramid surmounted by a sun.) 


ANCIENT EGYPT. 

(Continued from No. 10, page 79.) 

Menes, according to the best authorities, began to reign 
about 3620 B. C. — Tradition tells us that he diverted 
the course of the Nile in order to protect the site of the 
future Memphis from the overflowings of the river. He 
also acquired glory in war ; but his best and greatest 
claim to immortal renown consists in having liberated 
his country from the enthralment of the priests, improved 
the laws, and instructed his people in the useful arts of life. 

Under his descendants, to whom the royal power was 
handed down in the regular line, it became gradually 
still milder and more enlightened. Thebes, “The City 
of the hundred gates,’ ’ had been the sole capital of the 
kingdom, till Memphis, whose foundations had been laid 
by Menes, was completed by his son and became the 
the second capital of the now flourishing Egyptian 
kingdom. 

Of the succeeding kings who belonged to the dynasty 
founded by Menes, tradition says nothing, but the careful 
list given by Mr. Oxley is perhaps at the present 
the most reliable that has appeared. * We are, however, 
confronted with this difficulty, the kings who have given 
ancestral tablets have used different dynastic lines of 
descent, as their vanity, or political or religious bias 
inclined. 

This is plainly seen by comparing Sethi’s table with 
that of his predecessor Thothmes HI, who reigned only 
about 140 years before Sethi. This tablet is on one of 
the walls of the Great Temple of Karnak. It originally 
contained the names of 64 kings his predecessors, but 21 
have been since erased and others so mutilated that they 
cannot be deciphered. In their ancestral lists both omit the 
kings of the 7th and 8th dynasties, which is accounted 
for by the fact that these were Memphite kings, and 
rivals of* the lines adopted by Thothmes and Sethi. 
Thothmes ignores all the names of the kings of 9th and 
1 Oth, which are mentioned by Sethi, but gives the same 
names in 12th, and again supplies many of the names 
of 13th, 14th, and 16th, which are ignored by Sethi, and 
which help to fill up the chasm in Sethi’s list between 
the 12th and 18th dynasties. 

* See Appendix. 


Mr. Oxley accounts for this by pointing out that 
whereas Thothmes was an outandout Ammon worshipper, 
Sethi had much stronger leanings to the Osirian worship. 
About the year 2400 b.c. the Hycsos or Shepherd Kings, 
accompanied by a fierce people, poured into Egypt from 
the east and drove from the throne the native sovereign. 
Under their rule, which lasted about two centuries and a 
half, the progress of civilization was completely suspended. 
According to Manetho, an Egyptian priest, who lived in 
the reign of Ptolemy Philadelphus, they were at length 
driven from the country by Amosis Ahmes, a chief of 
Upper Egypt, and crossing the desert entered Syria; but 
fearing the Assyrians, who were a warlike and powerful 
people, they entered what was afterwards called Judea, 
and settling there built Jebus or Jerusalem. 

After the expulsion of the Shepherd kings Amenhoph I 
succeeded his father on the throne. His entire reign 
and those of his three successors Thothmes 1st, 2nd, and 
3rd, was devoted to the object of re-establishing a regular 
government and raising up the nation which had been 
crushed by many years of servitude under a foreign yoke. 

The cities and temples which had been destroyed were 
rebuilt, the canals were repaired; agriculture and the 
arts fostered and protected by the sovereigns soon brought 
back abundance: edifices consecrated to religion appeared 
on all sides, and many of the monuments which yet 
excite the wonder and admiration of travellers belong to 
this interesting epoch. 

Egypt thus advancing in civilization and internal pros- 
perity, presented a tempting field for the encroachments 
of several nations of Asia who had extended their power to 
the borders of the Red Sea: but Thothmes III, and his suc- 
cessors, although continuously drawn into wars in resisting 
these encroachments, eventually derived therefrom con- 
siderable advantages to the Egyptian nation. 

Amenophe II rendered tributary Syria and the ancient 
kingdom of Babylon : Thothmes IY invaded Abyssinia 
and Sennaar ; and Amenhoph III made successful expedi- 
tions into other parts of Asia. This king built the temple 
of Sohleb in Upper Nubia, the magnificent palace of Lux- 
or, and all that part south of the grand palace of Karnac 
at Thebes. It is conjectured that it was under one of 
the princes of this dynasty that Joseph became prime 
minister of Egypt. The history of the 19th dynasty 
commences with the reign of Rameses the Great or 
Sesostris. The exploits of this mighty warrior are the first 
that are recorded with any degree of clearness. 

Some chronologers are of opinion that he is identical 
with the Shishak who plundered Jerusalem in the reign 
of Rehoboam, 968 b. c. ; others contend that he was the 
Pharaoh who pursued the Israelites and was drowned in 
the Red Sea, 1639 b.c. ; others again with more probability 
assume the commencement of his reign to have been 
about the beginning of the 13th century B. C. 

It is said that his father being told in a dream by the 
god Ptha, that his newly born son should be lord over 
the whole, earth collected all the males in Egypt who 
were born on the same day with Rameses, and had them 
brought up with him as companions : being persuaded 
that the friends of his youth would prove the most faith- 
ful ministers and soldiers in his riper years. 

. Inured to laborious exercises, trained to perform long 


84 


THE KNEPH. 


journeys fasting, and skilled in martial exercises, these 
chosen troops were placed under the command of Raineses, 
in an expedition against the Arabians. 

These, unconquered before, fled before the prowess of 
Rameses and his companions. The conqueror pursued 
his way westward, subduing a large part of Africa, and 
was only stopped in his career of victory by the Atlantic 
Ocean. Whilst engaged on this expedition his father died ; 
and Rameses then resolved to fulfil the prediction of the 
god Ptha and become the conqueror of the world. With 
this view he divided his kingdom into thirty-six provinces, 
and endeavoured to secure the loyalty of his subjects by 
lavish gifts of money and acts of clemency. He appointed 
his brother Armais regent of the kingdom, forbidding 
him however to wear the kingly diadem. 

With an army of 600,000 infantry, 24,000 cavalry, 
and. 27,000 chariots ; with a fleet on the Mediterranean 
for conquests in the west, and another on the Red Sea 
for operations in the east, Rameses successively subdued 
Cyprus, the coast of Phoenicia, the Cyclades, and the 
coasts of the Red Sea, and his further progress in 
that direction being stopped by shoals, marched with the 
land forces against the Troglodytes (an ancient people of 
Ethiopia) and compelled them to pay him a tribute in 
gold, ebony, and ivory. Proceeding to Dira near the 
Straits of Babel mandeb he 3et up a pillar with an hiero- 
glyphic inscription. Pursuing his conquest on the 
continent of Asia, he crossed the Ganges, and erected 
pillars likewise on its banks ; marching northwards he 
ascended the plateau of Central Asia, subduing the As- 
syrians and the Medes, and afterwards directing his 
course towards the Caspian, invaded Scythia and Thrace. 
This seems to have been the limit of his conquests, for 
beyond it his pillars were nowhere seen. The abandon- 
ment of his project of universal conquest seems to have 
been occasioned by news of the treachery of his brother, 
who had assumed the diadem and violated his queen. 
Thus after an absence of nine years Rameses returned at- 
tended by vast multitudes of captives, and laden with the 
spoils of Asia. His brother met him at Pelusium and it is said 
invited him to an entertainment at which Rameses drank 
deeply and when all had retired to rest, Armais fired a 
quantity of reeds which he had caused to be laid round 
the apartment where they were to sleep. Rameses, 
however, roused from his slumbers by the flames, suc- 
ceeded in making his escape, and also rescued his queen 
and children. Armais driven out of Egypt withdrew 
into Greece, where under the name of Danaus, he acquired 
great renown. 

The illustrious hero of these romantic details is gene- 
rally supposed to have been one of the best of princes as 
well as the bravest of warriois. During his reign the 
star of the Pharoahs reached its zenith. He founded new 
cities, dug canals, and reared those magnificent structures 
the remains of which still bear witness to their founder’s 
glories. Ibsambul, Derri, Guircheh-Hassan, and Wady- 
Essebouah in Nubia ; Kournah, El Medineh, a portion 
of Luxor, and the great hall of the palace of Karnac, 
(the most magnificent structure ever reared by the hand 
of man) yet attest the genius and the grandeur of his 
mind. Desirous to promote the real welfare of his 
people, he published a code of new laws, the most impor- 


tant of which gave to all classes of his subjects the right 
of property in its fullest extent. 

By this he divested himself of that absolute power, 
which his ancestors had reserved to themselves after the 
overthrow of the Shepherd Kings, and Egypt thus 
politically free and commercially prosperous attained its 
highest pitch of internal splendour and external power. 
When we consider that either as sovereign or as receiver 
of tribute Rameses reigned over Egypt, Nubia, 
Abyssinia, Sennar, several countries in the south of Asia, 
all the wandering tribes of the desert, east and west of 
the Nile, Syria, Arabia, the kingdoms of Babylon, and 
Nineveh, a great part of Asia Minor, Cyprus, the Archi- 
pelago, and a large part of Persia : that regular intercourse 
was carried on with these countries, and also with India 
whose productions have been found in the tombs of 
Thebes: and that Thebes and Memphis were the first 
central depots of this commerce ages before Babylon, 
Tyre, Sidon, Alexandria, Palmyra, or Bagdad were 
founded, we can form some conception of the immense 
wealth which must have flowed into Egypt, and how it 
became the centre of tho arts and sciences as well as of 
commerce. 

Its internal administration was perfect : its code of 
written laws, just, liberal, and enlightened, were dispensed 
with impartiality and respects by all. 

Of the six millions of people thus happily situated, a 
part specially devoted to the study of the sciences, and 
the advancement of the arts, was charged besides with the 
ceremonies of religion, the administration of justice, the 
assessment and collection of the taxes, and with all the 
branches of civil government. This was called the 
Sacerdotal Caste in which were included members of the 
Royal family. A second portion of the people formed 
the Military Caste, from which tho soldiers were exclu- 
sively drawn. The third portion formed the Agricultural 
Caste, which had the sole cultivation of the soil ; the 
fourth and last, was the Industrial Caste, which included 
artisans of all kinds, traders and merchants. 

Great as were the exploits of Rameses, it does not 
appear, however, that he took any special precaution to re- 
tain the vast empire which he had made subject to his arms. 

Egypt was never a conquering power, nor the Egyp- 
tians a warlike people. Their conquests were never of 
a solid and permanent nature. As often as they took 
the field, so often did they experience the most vigorous 
resistance, and the very nations which they conquered, 
in mauy instances, successfully carried arms against 
them and subjected Egypt to their power. 

The industrious habits of the people, and tho vast 
increase of wealth, and the cultivation of the Arts and 
Sciences, which was tho ruling passion of the Egyptian 
intellect, doubtless indisposed them to lengthened cam- 
paigns 'with tho hardships and vicissitudes of military 
life. The intellectual eminence they achieved induced 
them to penetrate into all the secrets of nature — even 
into its most hidden recesses. 

In the natural sciences — in Mathematics, Astronomy, 
and even in Medicine, they were the masters of all nations, 
and in what are called the occult sciences, there 
is little doubt but they attained a proficiency, which even 
now excites the wonder and admiration of modern scientists. 


86 


THE KNEPH. 



t OME of our readers may recollect that 
a meeting of the Provincial Grand 
Lodge of North Munster, in Ireland, was 
called specially for the purpose of considering 
the situation of Craft Masonry in that Pro- 
vince with regard to the action taken against 
the members of the Antient and Primi- 
tive Rite, and the suppression of a Resolution 
from that Province by the Provincial Grand 
Master, and his having kept back the document 
from the knowledge of the Grand Lodge of 
Ireland. Before the Provincial Grand Lodge 
was opened, the Deputy Provincial Grand 
Master, who was going to preside, asked if there 
were any members of the Antient and Primitive 
Rite present, and, when two brethren honestly 
stated they were members of our Order, the 
Provincial Grand Master ordered them to leave 
the Lodge-room, otherwise he would not open 
the Provincial Grand Lodge, and sooner than 
bring business to a standstill, the two members 
foolishly withdrew. Now this transaction was 
manifestly illegal, and an exercise of arbitrary 
power, for as long as the Lodge remained 
unopened, so long the Deputy Provincial Grand 
Master had no power as Master, and he therefore 
had no authority to turn any member of the 
Provincial Grand Lodge out of the room. He 
also could not legally refuse to open a Lodge to 
which members had been duly summoned, pro- 
vided the necessaiy quorum of duly qualified 
Past Masters were present in compliance with 
that summons, and the hour named had arrived. 
This arbitrary and unconstitutional act had not 
only the effect of personally disfranchising the 
. two members so unjustly treated, but it deprived 
the Provincial Grand Lodge of the presence of 
the only persons who could authoritatively fur- 
nish information about the Body, the persecution 
of which formed the matter for discussion at the 
Special Assembly. The two members referred 
to belonged to two different Lodges : to one of 
these Lodges the Provincial Grand Master sub- 
scribed, and he apologized afterwards to it for 
the illegal act of his Deputy. The second 
Lodge appealed to the Grand Lodge of Ireland, 
and the Board of General Purposes of the Grand 
Lodge of Ireland have now had the hardihood 
to endorse the action of the Deputy^ Provincial 


Grand Master of North Munster in his illegal 
and arbitrary act. We rather think that this 
barefaced endorsement of such a manifestly 
unconstitutional proceeding, more particularly 
on the part of anyone when exercising the office 
of Master, will have the effect of arousing some 
independent members of the Irish Grand Lodge 
to a sense of the slavish and dependent position 
to which they are reduced by the illegal and 
unmasonic conduct of the Board to which they 
have confided their liberties and their honour as 
men and Freemasons. 


We republish a correspondence which has 
appeared in “ The Freemason, ” relative to the 
manifesto issued by the Grand Mystic Temple 
of Eri. It must be remembered . that this 
document was advertised in the Irish papers 
for the purpose of attracting the attention 
of Irish Freemasons. Through the mode of 
procedure adopted by the Board of General 
Purposes of the Grand Lodge of Ireland, the 
members of the Antient and Primitive Rite had 
no other course open to them for laying their 
case before the Craft in Ireland. The Grand 
Lodge, or rather, those members of it who met 
in the beginning of the year, and most of whom 
had been called up to Dublin by a “ whip” 
issued by those who manipulated the wires, 
absolutely refused a hearing to the Antient and 
Primitive Brethren who appeared before them, 
and refused to take anything into consideration 
but a simple vote of suspension or otherwise. 
It must be remembered that in England any 
brother subscribing a small sum annually can 
obtain a printed copy of the proceedings of each 
meeting of the Grand Lodge of England, and 
so can keep a watch over his own liberties ; but 
in Ireland no such report is obtainable, and it is 
almost impossible for country members to ascer- 
tain what business is transacted in Dublin, and 
their liberties are liable to be frittered away 
accordingly without their knowledge or consent. 


THE “ANCIENT AND PRIMITIVE RITE OF 
MASONRY— MEMPHIS AND MIZRAIM” 

The following Correspondence has appeared in il The 
Freemason ” witfi regard to the Resolution which was 
adopted by the Ct Grand Mystic Temple of Eri,” and 
published in our last number : — 

TO Tire EDITOR OF “THE FREEMA80N.” 

Dear Sir and Brother, — The following amazing advertise- 
ment appears ie the Irish Times of Wednesday last : “ Ancient and 
Primitive Rite of Masonry — Memphis and Mizraim. — The Grand 
Mystic Temple of Eri, assembled in Convocation at Limerick, 
Wednesday, September the 12th, 1883, hereby solemnly declare — 
That the action of the Craft Grand Lodge of Ireland in suspending 
some of the Members of the Ancient and Primitive Rite of Masonry 
s illegal, unconstitutional, and in express violation of the universal 
aws of Craft Masonry. This Grand Mystic Temple farther 


THE KtfEPH. 


87 


solemnly declares that the Vote of Suspension by the Grand Lodge 
was carried through means of the suppression of important Resolu- 
tions adopted by Irish Provincial Grand Lodges, whose sympathy 
with the Members of the Ancient and Primitive Rite was conse- 
quently concealed from Grand Lodge ; and this vote was likewise 
further secured by false statements made to the Grand Lodge of 
Ireland, to the effect that no recognition or treaty whatever existed 
between the Grand Lodge of Egypt and the Egyptian Rite of 
Memphis, when a Treaty was at the time and is still in ‘existence 
between these two Grand bodies ; and, furthermore, that the 
National Grand Lodge of Egypt (duly recognised by the Craft 
Grand Lodge of Ireland) was itself founded and created by the 
Memphis Rite. This Grand Mystic Temple holds that this recog- 
nition of the Crafl Grand Lodge of Egypt by the Craft Grand 
Lodge of Ireland is amply sufficient in itself to establish the legality 
in Ireland of the Ancient and Primitive Rite, under Article 28 of 
the Irish Constitutions; and the Members of the Grand Mystic 
Temple of Eri solemnly call upon their brethren in the Craft, in the 
name both of Freemasonry and Justice, to investigate these un- 
Masonic Acts, and through their Representatives in the Grand 
Lodge of Ireland to insist upon the restoration of the status of their 
Brethren, whose Masonic rights have been outraged by falsehood 
and deception. Given under the Seal of the Grand Mystic Temple 
of Eri, this 12th day of September, 1883. By Order, W. Steele 
Studdart, 32°, 94°, Grand Annalist.” 

I will not ask you whether this style of advertisement in a public 
print is in good form, because I perfectly well know what your 
reply would be, but I will ask your readers whether a body of 
Masons who wash their dirty linen before the world in this manner 
are entitled to the support of the Craft or not. 

I was in Dublin last week and hoard something of the doings of 
this so-called “ Rite.” I met several active and prominent brethren 
and was informed by them that its promoters were asserting that 
their system had the support of 6ome of the best Masons in England 
as opposed to the Ancient and Accepted Rite. It afforded me great 
pleasure to disabuse my informants of the erroneous impression that 
had been given them, and I hope that this latest extraordinary 
procedure on the part of the “ Primitives” will open the eyes of 
Freemasons to the real character of their movement. — I am, &c., 

T. B. WHYTEHEAD. 

York, 80th Sept., 1883. 


TO THE EDITOR OF “THE FREEMA80N.” 

Dear Sir and Brother. — I have read Bro. Whytehead’s 
letter in your last, and I think we shall all concur in his 
condemnation of such public incriminations, such printing 
of resolutions attacking a Craft Grand Lodge in a non- 
Masonic journal. It is, to say the least of it, very 
“ bad form,” and I, for ono, quito ngreo with Bro. Whytehead 
that such “ bodies,” and all “ bodies,” ought to “wash their dirty 
linen at home,” and not promulgate to the world difficulties and 
debates which it does not in the least interest the world to hear 
about. But the best remedy is probably to leave all such mutters 
to find their own level. If good, they will hold their own ; if 
worthless, they will sooner or later “ come to grief.” It is always 
the wisest and best course for Freemasons to look at matters of the 
kind philosophically, without heat and without fidgetiness. To this, 
n» to many other subjects of querulous lamentation or abnormal 
excitement, “ the gods in good time bring an end,” and there let 
them rest. 

But it is impossible not to see that this last manifestation is 
after all but the “ outcome” of a combat which lias been going on 
for some timo, and has recently been felt in America. I here one 
or two Craft Grand Bodies have unwisely meddled in the matter, 
and left “confusion worse confounded,” and have even added 
intensity to the struggle, and bitterness to the warfaro. 

As we survey the growth of “ high,” “ chivalric,” “mystical,” 
“exalted," “hermetic" grades to-day, we see now that since 
1 754, at any rate, they have increased a hundredfold, and all ap- 
parently the result of Ramsay's fanciful oration in 173G-37. -The 
“ Rite de Bouillon,” Hit Ecossnis, the Strict Observance, the Lax 
Observance, the Council of the Emperors of the East and the West, 
the Hercdom Kilwinning, and numerous other formations of curious 
nomenclature, have all in turn flourished and passed away, and 
are almost forgotten except by tlio Masonic Antiquary or Masonic 
student. At the beginning of this century few existed, except the 


“ Rit Ecossais,” which may justly claim to be the “ Patriarch ” of 
all existing Chivalric Rites. Indeed it may be questioned if its 
true date lias yet been correctly ascertained. All the nonsense of 
Cagliostro and other impostors had long since happily ended ; very 
few comparatively had survived * * decay’s effacing fingers.” Before 
the second decade of this century the Kites of Mizraim and Memphis 
appeared, some think a revival of Cagliostro’s Egyptian Masonry, 
some contend “pure nonsense,” some assert ancient and Hermetic. 

America has witnessed of recent years “ Cryptic Masonry,” and 
within a generation we have seen ourselves the “ revival ” Qf the 
Mark, the Red Cross of Constantine, the Rosicrucian Confraternity, 
and more than one “ Side Degree.” It seems to me. then, that in 
this intense multiplication of grades there is nothing for us all but 
“ Toleration” within due bounds and proper limits. People will 
have them ; let them. We may not like them nor affect them, but 
our “ vanities” are not other people’s “ vanities,” our “doxies” do 
not suit our neighbours* views. 

Surely the “world is wide euough for us all” and though I 
naturally adhere to the superior claims of Craft Masonry on the 
one hand, and the A. and A. Scottish Rite on the other, I yet, for 
one, do not feel inclined to condemn those who for good and valid 
reasons of their own cling to some chivalric or mystic form of quati 
Masonic association which touches their idiosyncrasies or accords 
with their sympathies. I entirely reprobate, as properly does Bro. 
Whytehead, the publication of “childish censures” and “ultra 
vires excorpta ” from minute books, as always a reprehensible 
course, but I equally think it but right to remind your readers 
that toleration of others is a great Masonic virtue, and ought 
always to be the “ badge of all our tribe.” 

Yours fraternally, 

A STUDENT OF MASONIC HISTORY. 


TO THE EDITOR OF “ THE FREEMASON.” 

Dear Sir and Brother, — The members of this Rite are much 
indebted to Brother Whytehead and the Freemason for republishing 
in your valuable medium tlieir solemn protest against (what they 
conscientiously believe to be) the illegal action of the Grand Lodge of 
Ireland in suspending several good Masons from their Craft Lodges 
for no other offence than that of joining a Chivalric Order outside the 
jurisdiction of that Grand Lodge. Unfortunately for Craftsmen in 
Ireland, no Masonic journal is permitted by the Grand Lodge of 
Ireland to be published, and in Masonry, as in the outside world, 
many unwiso and even unjust things are done which would never 
be attempted were their authors subjected to the criticisms of an 
intelligent press. In the absence of a Masonic journal, the perse- 
cuted brethren had no alternative but to publish their grievance iu 
a representative paper, such as the Irish Times 1 or stand condemned 
before their brethren by such falsehood and deception as is alleged 
in the solemn protest in question. 

I was in Dublin at the same time as Bro. Whytehead, and know 
that it was with painful regret the officers of the Grand Mystic 
Temple of Eri came to the resolution that as men of honour and 
brother Freemasons they were bound in self-vindication to publish 
this protest. Firstly, to place before their brethren indisputable 
facts not otherwise ascertainable by the majority; and secondly, as 
a reply to the insidious attacks (by inuendo) of Bro. Whytehead 
and his friends. It is really surprising that a clever writer like Bro. 
Whytehead was not sufficiently logical to see that it was the very 
much besmudged linen of his friends he was exposing by the attack. 
The letter by “A Student of Masonic History” is, however, a 
grateful relief. It strikes the true keynote of Masonic life — toler- 
ation. The members of the Antient and Primitive Rite are not an 
aggressive body— they attack no other community. They admit 
no one to membership who is not in good Mending with a Craft 
lodge. They have no paid officer in their service, all the official 
work being voluntarily rendered tbat the "whole of their surplus 
funds may be devoted to Masonic charity; and although not a large 
body, yet four of their chapters are Life Governors in perpetuity of 
the Royal Masonic Benevolent Institution, at whose festival last 
year the “ Primitives,” whose real character Bro. Whytehead is so 
anxious should be made known, did me tho honour to entrust me a 
their Steward for the year with £116 odd. When the purifying fires 
of his beloved Rosicrucianism have purged our good Bro. Whytehead 
of misconception or bigotry, a patient study of our Antient and 
Primitive system will convince him, as it has others before him, 
that it is founded on Antient and Hermetic Philosophy, and worthy 


THE KNEPH. 


88 


to rank in good fellowship with the learned and beneficent 
societies of the nineteenth century. — With fraternal greeting, 
yours faithfully, 

JOHN H. SOUTHWOOD, 

London. P. M. and P.Z. 1260 . 


TO THE EDITOR OF “ THE FREEMASON. 

Dear Sir and Brother, — By your kind permission I desire 
to say a few words in reply to Bro. Whytehead’s letter in the 
Freemason of the 6th inst. respecting the Antient and Primitive 
Kite. 

Bro. Whytehead does not seem to be aware that matters even in 
Masonry are different in Ireland from other countries. Ireland 
does not enjoy a Masonic publication. The policy of the inner 
circle who control the Grand Lodge is to shroud its proceedings in 
secresy, so that the Craft in the provinces rarely know what the 
central body do, and for that reason, being without a Masonic 
journal, the publication of the resolution of the Grand Mystic 
Temple of Eri was an act of necessity, so as to bring their solemn 
protest as much as possible under the notice of their brethren. 
Bro. Whytehead has been careful to make no comment on the 
resolution, but it is one that appeals strongly to the sympathy of 
the English Craft body, for the reason that certain Irish Crnft 
Masons are undergoing a persecution because they prefer to adopt 
a well known High Grade System which in no way affects the 
three first Degrees and in no way enters into rivalry with the 
Craft Body, but is itself a benevolent order, whose surplus funds 
are devoted to alleviate the wants of distressed members, widows, 
and orphans. 

Agaiu, Bro. Whytehead by his remarks wishes to cast a slur on 
the Antient and Primitive Kite. I do not expect him to say any- 
thing kind of it — it is rare to find an Ancient and Accepted man 
having the candour to do so. The fact cannot be contradicted, 
however, that the Memphis Rite is the senior body in Egypt, and 
that it actually formed the Craft Grand Lodge of that country out 
of its own members, which creation is recognized by the Grand 
Lodge of Ireland, and there can be no stronger evidence than this 
of its legality. 

One word more. Bro. Whytehead wishes to open the eyes of 
Freemasons to the real character of the “Primitives.” I do not 
know exactly what he wishes to infer, but I can tell him and others 
Who have a desire to know thait Antient and Primitive Masonry is 
anon-sectarian Rite, admitting all good Masons to its ranks who 
believe in the fatherhood of God and the brotherhood of man, and 
is a system of 33 learned degrees upon symbolic Masonry, and that 
we desire to be left in peace and quiet to practise our own system, 
with which we are quite satisfied. 

MAURICE L. DAVIES, Pli.D., 33° 

10, Lower Sackville Street, Dublin, 

10th October , 1883. 


ORIGIN OF THE “ DECORATIONS ” OF THE ANTIENT 
AND PRIMITIVE RITE OF MASONRY. 

There is an Ancient Eygptian Papyrus which treats upon the 
Ceremonial of Investure with the Golden Chain as a Decoration 
conferred by the Pharoahs upon those who had well deserved. 
This custom, which is of the most extreme antiquity in that King- 
dom, is continued in our Rite by decoration with the Lybic Chain , 
of which one is conferred annually upon the most deserving of our 
members, with/some of the various highor decorations attached to 
it We give the account herewith without abridgment. 

Extract from the Tablet of Newer-Hotep (translated by Paul 
Pierret) containing the Egyptian account of a Scene of Invcsturc 
with the Chain of Honour . — 1 

In the year 11 of His Holiness, King Horns,* 

Behold, His Holiness appeared like unto the Sun, 

. In his palace of the placid life , 

After having there consecrated loaves to his father Ammon. 
As he left the Chamber of Gold 3 cries of joy 
And acclamations circulated all over the world, 

And their clamour reached even to Heaven. 

The Divine Father of Ammon, 4 Newer- Hotep, 

Was called to receive recompenses, 

Coining from the King of millions of years, 

And which consisted of all sorts of things, — 

In silver, gold, perfumed garments, bread, beverages, 



Meat, cakes, in rirtue of the order of my Lord Ammon : 

*« Let them give my favours before witnesses to the Kher-heo 
“ Repose-of-the-heart-of- Ammon, Newer-Hotep, 

Who says [replies] : “ Numerous are the things 
“ Which the God, who is the King of Gods, 

“ Giveth to him who knoweth Him, 

“ He doth recompense him who Berveth Him, 

“And He protecteth him who doth follow Him, 

“ (Him) of whom the Sun is the body, 

“ And whom the Solar Disk doth for ever accompany. 

Underneath this legend Newer-Hotep is represented receiving 
the Chain of Gold, which is, however not mentioned in the text. 
This leads me to believe that the representation of the Investure 
of the Chain has not the precise meaning attributed to it, but had 
oftentimes no other object than to picture to the eye, the totality 
of the favours by which exceptional services were rewarded. 

N.B.— The Klier-hcb would seem to be the High Priest who 
read the panegyrics. That is, the brother whom in our Rite we 
should call Grand Eulogist. On a death two beautiful women were 
seated on the floor, on the shoulder of one was inscribed the name 
Isis, and on the other female Nepthys j each had a crystal vase 
lull of water in the right hand, and a loaf of Memphis bread in the 
left. Then the Khcr-heb , or High Priest of Panegyrics, and the 
Sam or High Priest who presided over the funeral ritual, recited 
at the third and eighth hour of the day, the lamentations calling 
upon the desceased to come to his abode, while his two sisters were 
protecting his funeral bed and calling him weeping. 

J . Y . 

1. — Compare Genesis xli, 41-42. This text lias been published by I. 
Dumichen. Hist. Inscrip, ii, 40 e., and partly by H. Brugscli, Monum 
pl. 37. 

2. — King of the xvilith Dynasty. 

3. — Epithet names of the Royal Palace. 

4. — Sacerdotal Title. 

b. — Idem. 

6.— The xlli pl. of Dumichen, Hist. Insc. (2nd part), also represents an 
Investure of the Chain which is not mentioned In the text which accom- 
panies it. 


spoils of Hlasomt “gobies. 

St. Andrew’s Grand Council, No. VI. — A Supreme Council 
of the Rite of Mizraim was held in St. Mark’s Hall, 213 Buclmnan- 
street, on Friday, the 21st ult. 

Very Ulus. Bro. Robert Morrison, 32° 94° 89°, as President 
assisted by other members of the Rite. The Council was opened 
on the 8t>°, when 111. Bro. Duncan C. White, 32° A. and A. Rite 
30° A. & P., was received and constituted a S.P. 86°, and obligated 
in the duties thereof. 

There being no further business before the Supreme Council, it 
was closed in due form. 

Glasgow, Oct. 19, 1883. — The Regular Meeting of St. 
Andrew’s Rose Croix Chapter No. 9 was held in St. Murk’s Hall, 
on Friday, 19th inst. Sir Knight Morrison, 32°, M.W., presided, 
and was nbly supported by Sir Knights Clyde Duncan, 83°, Colin 
M*Kenzie, 32°; Brownlee, 32°; Jnrdine, 31° ; Jumcson, 80° ; also 
present, Bro. Duncan ; C. White of America, 32° A. and A. and 
30° A. and P. ; and others. 

After the ordinary busiuess of the Chapter was disposed of, the 
8th or Degree of the Sword was conferred upon Bro9. Jardine and 
Main by the M.W. in a very efficient manner. There beiDg no 
further business, the Chapter was duly closed. 


NOTICE TO SECRETARIES. 

To lessen the trouble attending the issue of certificates , 
all of which undergo three separate registrations, the various 
Chapters , Senates, Councils, and Mystic Temples , are 
requested to make their Returns to the Grand Seci'etary 
General at the close of each month, so that all certificates 
required may be issued together on the 1st clay of every 
^ rnonth. 


Printed for the Sov. Sane. A. <fc P. Rite, by Robert Chapman, Temple-lane, 
Dame-atrcet, in the Purish of St. Andrew, Dublin, and Published by 
Bro. James Hill, at 6 Little Britain, London, E.C.— November, 1883. 


THE KITE PH 


SCOTLAND. 

(Srattb HJgsfk Sxmpk 

COUNCIL GENERAL, 32-94 


No. 6.— Bose of Sharon.— Chaptered Senate. 

V. 111. Bro. Edward Harrison, 32°, M.W. 

R. „ ,, Henry Meyer, 33°, S.6.C. 

„ „ ,, W. J. Kennaby, 30°, Sec. and Recorder. 


OFFICERS. 


Gd. Master of Light, V. 111. Bro. 
„ Orator „ „ „ 

,, Treasurer ... 111. Bro. 

,, Annalist ... a 

„ Examiner ... ,, 

„ Keeper of Rites ,, 

„ Expert ... ,, 

„ Master of Ceremonies, 

,, Conductor ,, 

„ Guard of the Council 


Clyde Duncan, 33-95°, 90°. 
Thomas L. Shaw, 33° 

D. Chalmers, 32° 

Colin McKenzie, 32° 

J. Shirra, 32° 

Thomas W. Brownlee, 32° 
Vacant, 32° 

Andrew Holmes, 32° 

Robert Morrison, 32° 

Frdk. Neute, 32° 


Repres. from Sov. Sane. R.I11. Bra Thos. M. Campbell, 33° 
Grand Tribunial, 31-93° 

W. F Shaw, 32° 


Judge 

Defender 

Arbitrator 

Orator 

Treasurer 

Secretary 

Overseer 

Asst. Overseer 

Marshall 

Pursuivant 


William Brown, 31° 
John Mclnnes, 31° 

Janies C. Rice, 31° 
William Carruthers, 31° 
Charles Marshall, 31° 
James Finlay, 31° 

James Jardine, 31° 
J.Warker, 31° 

James Baird, 31° 


SOUTHERN COUNTIES. 

HAVANT, HANTS. 

No. 3.— Orion.— Chapter, Senate and Conncil. 

V. III. Bro. J. Harrison, 32°, M.W. 

„ „ J. Clay, 32°, S.G.C. 

R. ,, ,, J. N. Hillman, 33°, Sub Dai. 

V. ,, „ Thomas Francis, 32°, Sec. & Recorder. 

MEETING at the MASONIC HALL, HAVANT, on 4th 
TUESDAY, March, May, Sept., Nov. 


BOURNEMOUTH. 

Dispensation to III. Bro. Frederick Holland, 30° 


NORTHERN COUNTIES. 


IRELAND. 

tr lUnstic cDmple. 

COUNCIL GENERAL OF ERI, 

33-94°. 

Meeting at DUBLIN or elsewhere in IRELAND. 

Gd. Master of Light ... Rt. III. Bro. C.Monck Wilson, J.P., 

33-95°, 90° 

„ Annalist ... * ,, ,, WSteele Studdert,32° 

„ Representative ... R. „ „ M.L. Davies, M.D., 33° 

Grand Tribunal, 31-93°, with its Grand Liturgical 
Council, 31-92°, 

MEETING ON SUMMONS OF GRAND ANNALIST. 

GRAND MYSTIC TEMPLE OP ERL 

A meeting of the Grand Mystic Temple will be 
held at 3G, George Street in the City of Limerick, on 
Wednesday, 12th September, at eight o’clock in the 
evening. 


No. 4. — Sirius. — Burnley. 

III. Bro. Tom Bradshaw, 32-94°, M.W., Manchester Road. 
(Not working.) 

LIVERPOOL. 

Ho. 7.— Lily of the Talley. — Chapter. 

V. III. Bro. Josetii Hawkins, 33°, M.W. 

„ „ Bower Wood, 11°, Sec. 


SCOTLAND. 

GLASGOW. 

No. 8.—“ Sphynx.” — Chapter, Senate and Council. 

III. Bro. James Shirra, 32°, M.W. 

„ „ W. F. Siiaw, 33°, S.G.C. 

,, ,, David Chalmers, 32°, Sub Dai. 

,, ,, W. J. Donaldson, Secretary. 

MEETING on 3 rd THURSDAY, at MASONIC HALL, 
HOPE STREET. 


CHAPTEES, 11-18°, SENATES, 20-33° 
S. Gd. COUNCILS, 30-90° 


LONDON. 

No. 1.— Mount Sinai. — Chapter, Senate and Council. 

Sublime Dai, K. III. Bro. A. IX Lowenstakic, 33°. 


No. 9. — St. Andrew’s. — Chapter, Senate and Council. 

III. Bro. Clyde Duncan, 32°, Sub I)ai. 

„ „ Andrew Holmes, 32°, S.G.C. 

„ „ Robert Morrison, 32°, M.W. 

V. „ Jno. McC. Buchanan, 32°, Sec. 

MEETING at St. MARK’S HALL, 3rd FRIDAY in each 
Month. 


THE KNEPH. 


ABERDEEN. 

Dispensation to R. III. Bro. Thos. L. Shaw, 33° 

IRELAND. 

DUBLIN. 

Ho. 5. — “Primitive Pilgrims.” — Chapter and Senate. 

Also chartered to meet in Holyhead when advisable. 

LIMERICK. 

Ho. 10. — “Limerick.”— Chapter, Senate and Council. 

It is deemed advisable, owing to the persistent persecution of 
our Brethren in Ireland, to discontinue the publication of officers' 
names in these Chartered Bodies , or for the present to publish the 
whereabouts of any other Bodies of the Rite working in that 
Kingdom. Any Irish Mason requiring information for legiti- 
mate uses, can apply to the Members of the Sov. Sanctuary with 
residences in Ireland. — G. Master or Light. 

INDIA. 

Dispensation granted to receive Brethren, and to 
Establish Bodies of the Rite, 

To V. 111. Bro. M. V. Portman, 32°, Bengal. 

„ ,, Prosonno Coomar Dutt, 32°, Calcutta. 

,, ,, D. M. Kapadia, 30°, Bombay. 

BRITISH GUIANA. 

Dispensation to III. Bro. E. H. G. Dalton, 32° 

GEORGETOWN. 

AUSTRALIA. 

Dispensation to III. Bro. William Riddle, 30°. 

PARIS. 

Dispensation to V. III. Bro. A. 0. Munro, 32°. 
SPAIN. 

We are glad to be able to announce that Bodies 
of the Antient and Primitive Rite are about to 
be started in Madrid under the most favorable 
auspices. 

NOTICE TO SOVEREIGN SANCTUARIES, 

&C.j &C. 

As we have been requested to print in French, English, 
and two other Languages the “ Constitution of the 
Imperial Council General, 0 confirmed and signed in 
March, 1882, by the Illustrious Chief Guiseppe Garibaldi, 
we shall be glad to hear from each Power of the Rite in 
America, Canada, Egypt, Italy, Spain, Roumania, and 
other countries, so as to ascertain the number of copies 
that may be required. The Constitutions in each Lan- 
guage can he bound together and will be issued at cost 
price. Address to the Publisher of “ Kneph,” 6, Little 
Britain, London, E.C. 


SPECULATIVE FREEMASONRY 

A HISTORICAL LECTURE 

UPON 

THE ORIGIN OF CRAFT AND HIGH 
GRADE FREEMASONRY, 

AND 

Showing the great Antiquity of the combined system, 

Delivered befoi'e the Brethren of the Palatine and Jerusalem 
Chapter, No. 2 on the Roll of the Sovereign Sanctuary of the 
Antient and Primitive Rite of Masonry in and for the 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, in 
assembly at their place of meeting, the Grosvcnoi' 

Hotel, Dcansgate, Manchester, SI Mar. * S3 . 

BY JOHN YARKER, 

33°, 90°, 96°, F.S.Sc., &c. &c. 

PRICE SIXPENCE. 


Published for the Palatine and Jerusalem Chapter by Brother Jos. 
Hawkins, 33°-95°, Grand Master of LicnT for the Northern 
Counties, Roby, Liyikfool, and to be had from niM. 

CONSTITUTION OF THE A. and P. RITE. 

FOR MEMBERS.— PRICE 1/-. 

PUBLIC CEREMONIALS OF THE RITE, 

BOUND IN CLOTH, 2/6. 

HISTORY OF THE A. AND P. RITE, 
PAPER COVER, 1/6 

PRICE 2/6, cloth, 

LECTURES 

OF A 

Ctmtitrr, Snrntf, anh Connril: 

ACCORDING TO THE FORMS OF THE 

ANTIENT AND PRIMITIVE RITE, 

BUT EMBRACING ALL SYSTEMS OF 

HIGH GRADE MASONRY 

EMBODYING THE PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIONS 
REQUIRED FOR ADVANCEMENT ; TETE SYMBOLICAL 
EXPLANATIONS OF THE VARIOUS DEGREES, 

FROM THE 1° TO THE 30° TOGETHER WITn THE 

GRAND BOOK OF MAXIMS. 


frmit ll;c hg 

JOHN YARKER, 33-90°, ~ 

Authoi' of “ Speculative Freemasonry ,” ifc. ; Past- Master of Ci'aft, 
Mark, Arch , Templar , Rose Croix, K-d-s-k, and Antient 
and Primitive Masonry ; Grcmd Master' General 
of the Antient and Primitive Rite , and the Swedcnborgian 
Rite, in and for Great Britain and Ireland. 

gTnnbon : 

Bro. JOHN HOGG, 13, Paternoster Row, E.C. 


Printed for tlie Soy. Sane. A. & Y. Rite, hy RoBKRT Chapman, Temple-lane, Dame-street, in the Parish of St. Andrew, Dublin, and Published br JBro. 

James Hill, at 6, Little Britain, London, E.C.— November 1883.