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For centuries there were
fearsome tales of a half

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human monster roaming
the African forests

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Even in modern times,
knowledge of the elusive creature

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the wild chimpanzee-
was largely based on speculation

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Then, in 1960 a daring
young Englishwoman

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set out to sort fiction from truth

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She had been warned

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"You'll never get
near the chimpanzees,"

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but she was determined to try

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Her name, Jane Goodall

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She was 26 years old and
destined to make scientific history

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Against odds many
thought insurmountable

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she gradually earned
the chimpanzees' trust

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The picture that has
emergedis an awesome

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portrait of the animals
most like man

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The similarities to humans are
startling:

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The obvious physical resemblance;

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the discovery that they hunt and eat meat;

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the even more profound revelation
that they are intelligent enough

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to make and use tools

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and in their nonverbal communication

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perhaps the most uncanny
resemblance of all

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Meticulously documented on
motion-picture film

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Jane Goodall's classic study stretches
from 1960 to the present day

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A compelling chronicle that spans
three generations of chimps

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it is the longest study of any wild
animal group in the world

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Unexpectedly one of its recent
chapters took a forbidding turn

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The usually gentle

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amiable chimps revealed a dark
and sinister side

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- puzzling, savage behavior
as yet unexplained

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And so the saga goes on -
the emarkable adventure of the wild

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chimpanzees and the dedicated
woman who works among them still

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Growing up in Bournemouth,
England, Jane Goodall

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was drawn to the world of animals
almost from the start

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When her mother gave
the infant a chimp doll

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outraged friends predicted nightmares

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They could not have been more wrong

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"Even when I was very tiny I was
absolutely fascinated by animals

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I think I first began to dream of
going to Africa after reading

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Dr. Doolittle and Tarzan
when I was about eight

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I was absolutely fascinated with
the idea of being out in the jungle

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out with the animals
feeling a part of it all."

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Famed anthropologist Louis Leakey
had long searched for someone

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to study wild chimpanzees for
clues to the behavior of early man

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"I want someone unbiased
by academic learning," he said

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"Someone with uncommon patience
and dedication."

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His faith in Jane Goodall would
lead to one of the most important

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scientific studies of our time

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Her journey would take Goodall to
the East African country of Tanzania

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then known as Tanganyika

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The remote Gombe Stream Game
Reserve stretches for about

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ten miles of rugged

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mountainous country along the
shore of Lake Tanganyika

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And so on the 14th of July 1960
Jane Goodall was 4,000 miles from home

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a tiny boat her only link
to the civilized world

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"When I arrived at the
Gombe Stream Reserve

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I felt that at long last my childhood
ambition was being realized

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But when I looked at the wild and
rugged mountains where

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the chimpanzees lived

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I knew that my task was not going to be easy."

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Day-to-day life in this remote
wilderness would be difficult at best

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The local authorities

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horrified at the thought of a young
white woman alone in the wild

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at first refused Jane
permission to come

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agreeing only when she said she would
bring a companion

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Aside from her mother
Vanne Goodall, and an African cook

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Jane would spend the next
several months virtually alone

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It was already late afternoon

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when the tents were pitched and
provisions stored

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But after 20 years of dreaming
of this day

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Jane was eager to begin

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Unarmed and untrained she
ventured into a strange, new world

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For most, this would be a lonely
forbidding realm

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But for Jane Goodall
it was where she most wanted to be

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"During my first days at Gombe I
could hardly believe it was true

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At last I was out in the wild
I didn't see many animals

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but I had the feeling they were there
all around, watching me

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There were rustles in the undergrowth
strange calls

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smells I could not identify."

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For months

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the objects of her search invariably
fled at the mere sight of her

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Often she couldn't find them at all

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It was a steep
rigorous climb to the open ridges above

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but perhaps, she hoped
a way to pinpoint the nomadic apes below

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"I discovered not far from camp

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that there was a peak overlooking
two valleys

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And from this vantage point
I was able to gradually piece together

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the daily behavior of the chimps

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The major advantage of the Peak was
that the chimps could see me

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sitting up there and gradually
get used to my presence."

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Sitting quietly in the same spot
day after day

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always dressed in the same
neutral colors

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never attempting to
follow the shy apes

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the figure on the Peak gradually
became less of a threat

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It would be some time, however
before Jane was accepted at closer range

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Though the chimps now
recognized the intruder

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her intent was far from clear

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Jane had to accept the
realization that

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for the being being at least

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much of her knowledge would
be based on indirect evidence

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like an abandoned sleeping
nest high in the trees

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Jane found the nest was not
simply a pile of wadded leaves

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but a carefully interwoven
platform created by dextrous hands

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and a reasoning brain

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But the intelligent creature
who made it had long since moved on

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lmpatient with her slow progress
with the chimps

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Jane stretched each day to the
final rays of the setting sun

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This would be her first meal
in 12 hours

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It had been another long
and frustrating day

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"As I am not a defeatist
it only made my determination

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to succeed stronger

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I never had any
thought of quitting

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I should forever have
lost all self-

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respect if I had given up."

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And so

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days that began before dawn
reached well past midnight

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And, for as long
as it would take

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tomorrow would be the same

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Even when there were no
chimps to be found

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there was always much to be done

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Samples of plants the chimps eat

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would be preserved for
later identification

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There was a new language to learn
tribal customs to absorb

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A makeshift clinic helped cement
good relations

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with the local villagers

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With camp life settling into
a comfortable routine

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Gombe increasingly became
Jane Goodall's private world

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Though her staff was growing

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outsiders til now
had not been welcome

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lest they frighten the chimps

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But at Louis Leakey's urging

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she agreed that a permanent film
record of the chimps be made

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To shield herself
and the cameraman

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she built a blind
- a screen of leaves

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Hugo van Lawick
is a specialist in wildlife

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Primarily funded by the
National Geographic Society

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over the coming years he
and Goodall would capture

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details of chimp behavior
never before dreamed possible

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They found that chimpanzees
are nomadic

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traveling in ever changing groups
in the daily search for food

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wanderings that can take them
two to six miles in a single day

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They are animals of
dramatic extremes

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noisy and excitable one minute
calm and gentle the next

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To satisfy their hunger on a
diet that is largely vegetarian

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chimps eat up to
seven hours a day

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Much of their diet is fruit
but they also feed on leaves

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blossoms, seeds, and stems

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After congregating at a food source

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several individuals may rest
and groom together

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then separate once again

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The only stable group within the
community is a mother and her young

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Males take no part
in child rearing

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Contrary to common belief
chimps do not have fleas

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Mutual grooming does remove flakes
of dried skin and grass seeds

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but physical contact for its own
sake seems to be the primary goal

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Not much interested
in quiet pursuits

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youngsters have better things to do

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"The chimps very gradually

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came to realize that
I was not dangerous after all

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I shall never forget the day
after about 18 months when

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for the first time

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a small group allowed me
to approach and be near them

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Finally I had been accepted

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I think it was one
of the proudest

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and most exciting moments
of my whole life

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Chimpanzees are as distinct from
one another as are human beings

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and Jane gave them names
as she came to recognize them

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Old Flo, with her bulbous
nose and ragged ears

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is matriarch of the family
Jane would come to know best

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At seven weeks, infant Flint is
still completely dependent on Flo

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Flo's adolescent son Figan plays
with his younger sister Fifi

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Even fully mature Faben often
stays with the family

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Ever since Flint's birth

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his sister Fifi has been
fascinated by the baby

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Repeatedly she tries to
touch and groom him

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The older chimps
less interested in babies

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tend to ignore Flint

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But Fifi is persistent

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actually trying to take
the infant from Flo

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Though protective of her newborn
Flo is never rough with Fifi

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When she's had enough
she simply walks off

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leaving Fifi looking
rather frustrated

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Another group's arrival is signaled
by a chorus of hooting calls

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Adult males dominate chimp society
and are much precoccupied with

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their position in the hierarchy

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In an effort to better his rank the
male puts on an awesome charging display

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With hair bristling
and vegetation flying

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the male makes himself appear larger
and more dangerous than he actually is

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Intended to intimidate rivals

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it is usually nothing
more than superb bluff

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After displays of aggression
the dominant chimp often reassures those

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who have been frightened or hurt

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and thus tension is defused
harmony restored

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One male rose to the
top of the hierarchy

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by intelligence rather than strength

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Mike discovered that rolling
empty kerosene cans from Jane's camp

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made a horrifying noise

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Originally one of the
lowest ranking males

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Mike was now number one

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Close to where they are feeding
when dusk falls the chimpanzees will build

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sleeping nests for the night 30
to 40 feet up in the trees

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After choosing a suitable
foundation such as a horizontal fork

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the chimp takes only three to
five minutes to bend down branches

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then twigs, to create
a comfortable, padded bed

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With creature comforts
long since forsaken

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Jane found increasing pleasures
in her wilderness world

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But, as she soon discovered

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human creature comforts
were not without appeal to some

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A chimp had wandered into camp

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and found the supply tent
where bananas were stored

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Because he had been to camp
before when Jane was in the forest

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she had a prearranged signal
to call her back

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"It was thrilling after all this time
to find a chimp actually in my camp

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It was David Greybeard

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a male I had already come to
know out in the forest."

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David's boldness marked
a turning point for Jane

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After the endless months
she had searched for them

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the chimps

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following David's lead
mow came to her

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Gradually
their inherent fear gave way

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and an offer of friendship
was accepted with trust

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If she could lure the chimps
into camp regularly

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Jane realized
her observations would be

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far more consistent than
chance encounters in the forest

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Bananas were the answer

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The scheme was not without its flaws
as the local baboons quickly proved

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David Greybeard repeatedly
ran to his friend

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the more powerful Goliath
for protection

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Goliath came to David's defense

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but the baboon knew
which chimp was afraid

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and it was David
he went for every time

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Because of the trust
established in camp

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tracking the chimps in the forest
was now much easier for Jane

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She was able to follow and document
in detail the development of

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Flo's infant son, Flint

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At six months

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Flint is lerning to ride
on his mother's back

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But sometimes he doesn't
get it quite right

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At around the same age
he takes his first tottering steps

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When he stumbles and whimpers
Flo quickly rescues him

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Flo is a particularly affectionate

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tolerant and playful mother

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and because much maternal
behavior is learned

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she is the role model
for her daughter Fifi

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As Flint grows older

246
00:20:05,737 --> 00:20:09,173
Flo permits Fifi to take him
for brief periods of time

247
00:20:10,142 --> 00:20:13,942
Such experiences provide important
training for the future when young

248
00:20:14,046 --> 00:20:17,709
females mature and
have offspring of their own

249
00:20:19,851 --> 00:20:23,252
About the time Flo
begins to carry Flint on her back

250
00:20:23,355 --> 00:20:26,188
Fifi tries to imitate Flo

251
00:20:30,128 --> 00:20:31,459
Though unsuccessful

252
00:20:31,563 --> 00:20:36,227
the attempt marks an important
milestone in her learning experience

253
00:20:43,375 --> 00:20:47,072
Mandy is a young female who has
just had her first baby

254
00:20:47,879 --> 00:20:51,781
Fifi has never seen the baby
before and is intrigued

255
00:20:52,251 --> 00:20:53,718
For the moment at least

256
00:20:53,819 --> 00:20:56,652
this is something more
interesting than Flint

257
00:20:58,123 --> 00:20:59,647
As Mandy settles down

258
00:20:59,758 --> 00:21:04,388
Fifi comes for a closer look at
this newest member of the community

259
00:21:05,097 --> 00:21:09,227
All youngsters at Gombe
are interested in new babies

260
00:21:09,334 --> 00:21:13,498
but Jane had never seen one
who showed more fascination than Fifi

261
00:21:17,142 --> 00:21:19,508
A study in concentration

262
00:21:27,986 --> 00:21:31,080
Mandy is not worried
by Fifi's presence

263
00:21:31,256 --> 00:21:35,955
but when adolescent male Figan
approaches she nervously moves off

264
00:21:37,496 --> 00:21:42,229
Both Fifi and Figan are fascinated
by the smell of the new baby

265
00:21:46,471 --> 00:21:51,966
Fifi has followed Mandy up a tree
and now attempts to touch the baby

266
00:21:52,711 --> 00:21:55,305
Mandy gently fends her off

267
00:21:59,651 --> 00:22:04,611
Meanwhile, even Flint is curious
about another infant younger than he

268
00:22:08,193 --> 00:22:11,026
But Flo is ready to move on
in search of food

269
00:22:11,129 --> 00:22:13,893
and she lets Flint know
it is time to go

270
00:22:15,133 --> 00:22:17,931
Fifi, still engrossed
with Mandy's baby

271
00:22:18,036 --> 00:22:20,129
does not notice that they leave

272
00:22:26,511 --> 00:22:28,411
When she finally
looks for her mother

273
00:22:28,513 --> 00:22:31,175
Flo is out of sight

274
00:22:37,189 --> 00:22:42,388
At six, Fifi is still quite dependent
on her mother and cries in distress

275
00:22:42,494 --> 00:22:46,055
She has no idea in
what direction Flo has gone

276
00:22:57,576 --> 00:23:00,010
Normally Flo would come
at Fifi's cries

277
00:23:00,112 --> 00:23:03,912
but apparently can't hear her
above the growing storm

278
00:23:16,027 --> 00:23:18,461
Although chimps seem miserable
in the rain

279
00:23:18,563 --> 00:23:22,363
surprisingly they make little effort
to find shelter

280
00:23:24,469 --> 00:23:29,907
Even in a torrential downpour
they just sit and wait it out

281
00:23:40,485 --> 00:23:43,477
Long committed to observing
the chimps seven days a week

282
00:23:43,588 --> 00:23:45,818
Jane ignored the rain

283
00:23:48,593 --> 00:23:53,121
Searching for the lost Fifi
she saw something remarkable instead

284
00:23:53,231 --> 00:23:57,827
the male Goliath performing
a spectacular display

285
00:23:59,271 --> 00:24:01,899
Enthralled by the magnificent
"rain dance,"

286
00:24:02,007 --> 00:24:06,808
Jane would later write:
"With a display of strength and vigor

287
00:24:06,912 --> 00:24:11,349
such as this primitive man himself
might have challenged the elements."

288
00:24:12,317 --> 00:24:17,755
Twenty minutes later the rain dance
was over as suddenly as it had begun

289
00:24:20,258 --> 00:24:24,194
Among Goliath's audience Jane
spotted Flo and Flint

290
00:24:24,830 --> 00:24:27,594
From her tall lookout
Fifi saw them too

291
00:24:36,141 --> 00:24:37,904
Strong family ties

292
00:24:38,009 --> 00:24:43,208
temporarily broken by the storm
were once again intact

293
00:24:48,420 --> 00:24:51,685
The rainy season brings
the flight of fertile

294
00:24:51,790 --> 00:24:56,818
winged termites as they leave
their nests to establish new colonies

295
00:24:57,062 --> 00:25:00,759
For chimp and baboon alike
they are a tasty delicacy

296
00:25:00,899 --> 00:25:04,858
But baboons can only capture
the termites outside the nest

297
00:25:04,970 --> 00:25:07,700
as the swarms emerge and fly

298
00:25:08,006 --> 00:25:10,304
When they have gone and worker termites

299
00:25:10,408 --> 00:25:14,139
have resealed the nest
the baboons will move on

300
00:25:15,881 --> 00:25:19,112
But the chimps not only know
termites are there

301
00:25:19,217 --> 00:25:24,018
hidden below the surface,
they have learned how to get at them

302
00:25:33,198 --> 00:25:37,601
In defense of their nest
the termites grip onto the gras

303
00:25:37,769 --> 00:25:42,570
and with utmost care
the chimp gently draws them out

304
00:25:46,478 --> 00:25:48,275
As a stem becomes bent

305
00:25:48,380 --> 00:25:52,578
the chimp breaks off the end
to make it work more efficiently

306
00:25:54,853 --> 00:25:57,219
Sometimes a leafy twig is selected

307
00:25:57,322 --> 00:26:00,189
but first it must
be stripped of its leaves

308
00:26:00,725 --> 00:26:02,158
In these actions

309
00:26:02,327 --> 00:26:05,353
modifying natural objects
for a specific purpose -

310
00:26:05,463 --> 00:26:10,628
the chimp is not only using
but actually making tools

311
00:26:13,071 --> 00:26:16,234
It seems certain that
this is a learned behavior passed

312
00:26:16,341 --> 00:26:21,005
from generation to generation
by watching and imitation

313
00:26:21,746 --> 00:26:24,374
Flint does not yet know
how to fish for termites

314
00:26:24,482 --> 00:26:28,282
but already he imitates
part of Flo's technique

315
00:26:30,188 --> 00:26:34,716
Jane's proof that chimps
make and use tools would rock

316
00:26:34,826 --> 00:26:36,418
the scientific world

317
00:26:36,728 --> 00:26:38,855
"Tool using always used to be

318
00:26:38,964 --> 00:26:42,331
considered a hallmark
of the human species

319
00:26:42,801 --> 00:26:46,202
When Louis Leakey first heard
about tool using at Gombe

320
00:26:46,304 --> 00:26:52,072
he got extremely excited and said
"Now we have to redefine man

321
00:26:52,177 --> 00:26:57,171
redefine tool or
include chimpanzees with humans."

322
00:26:57,616 --> 00:27:01,052
A chimpanzee brain will never
design a computer

323
00:27:01,252 --> 00:27:04,915
nor even imagine a durable
tool chipped from stone

324
00:27:05,023 --> 00:27:07,184
But his brain is more similar

325
00:27:07,292 --> 00:27:10,455
to our own than is that of
any other living creature

326
00:27:10,729 --> 00:27:15,325
And surely it was thus that
our distant human ancestors began

327
00:27:15,600 --> 00:27:17,932
learning to master
the natural world

328
00:27:18,136 --> 00:27:20,400
in the constant struggle
to survive

329
00:27:26,478 --> 00:27:27,604
To a thirsty chimp

330
00:27:27,712 --> 00:27:30,738
rainwater trapped in the hollow
of a tree is inviting

331
00:27:30,849 --> 00:27:32,817
but not easily reached

332
00:27:34,319 --> 00:27:38,983
Once again the chimps have learned to
solve a problem by fashioning a tool

333
00:27:42,027 --> 00:27:44,791
Wadded leaves act as a sponge

334
00:27:45,096 --> 00:27:47,860
Chewing makes them more absorbent

335
00:27:48,066 --> 00:27:49,226
Using the sponge

336
00:27:49,334 --> 00:27:51,632
the chimp can get as much as

337
00:27:51,736 --> 00:27:54,569
eight times more water
than with fingers alone

338
00:27:55,373 --> 00:28:01,312
Inherently curious, youngsters like
Fifi learn from older chimps

339
00:28:01,413 --> 00:28:03,973
and thus the technique
is passed on

340
00:28:08,053 --> 00:28:12,387
Baboons at Gombe outnumber
the chimps by about four to one

341
00:28:12,824 --> 00:28:16,282
For the most part
the two species coexist peacefully

342
00:28:16,661 --> 00:28:22,361
But the baboon is a competitor for
food and friction can arise

343
00:28:24,302 --> 00:28:27,499
Because he has the intelligence
to use a weapon

344
00:28:27,605 --> 00:28:33,100
yet another type of tool even a youngster
can intimidate a fully grown male

345
00:28:34,212 --> 00:28:38,649
The bluff works but
as Jane would find out

346
00:28:38,783 --> 00:28:41,911
sometimes the aggression
is very real

347
00:28:52,163 --> 00:28:56,224
A young baboon has been captured
and killed by a group of chimps

348
00:28:56,334 --> 00:28:58,564
and they will feast on its remains

349
00:28:59,571 --> 00:29:03,132
Jane's discovery astounded the
scientific world

350
00:29:03,541 --> 00:29:07,102
the chimp is not the gentle
vegetarian we had thought

351
00:29:07,312 --> 00:29:11,112
but, like humans,
a formidable predator

352
00:29:12,484 --> 00:29:15,920
Sometimes cooperating to
hunt and stalk their prey

353
00:29:16,020 --> 00:29:18,318
they also kill young antelope

354
00:29:18,423 --> 00:29:20,254
bushpigs, and monkeys

355
00:29:23,728 --> 00:29:28,097
For the most part chimps eat meat
only they themselves have killed

356
00:29:29,067 --> 00:29:32,798
Indeed, a dead animal is
often a puzzling sight

357
00:29:39,177 --> 00:29:40,735
With Gombe's growing fame

358
00:29:40,845 --> 00:29:45,214
visiting students and scientists
became a regular part of the scene

359
00:29:45,884 --> 00:29:49,513
One day, as part of a project
to record chimpanzee calls

360
00:29:49,621 --> 00:29:52,715
Jane put out bananas in great quantities

361
00:29:56,561 --> 00:30:00,327
The result -
an eruption of frenzied excitement

362
00:30:00,431 --> 00:30:04,162
desperate begging,
and violent aggression

363
00:30:12,911 --> 00:30:15,345
Because of the excessive
hostilities aroused

364
00:30:15,446 --> 00:30:18,847
Jane disapproved of such
human intervention

365
00:30:19,050 --> 00:30:21,883
But the episode was not
without value

366
00:30:22,086 --> 00:30:26,455
revealing the intricate patterns of
chimpanzee dominance and submission

367
00:30:26,891 --> 00:30:31,191
and the chimps' intense need for
reassurance by touch

368
00:30:44,542 --> 00:30:47,306
The sounds of the encounter were
carefully analyzed by students

369
00:30:47,412 --> 00:30:50,506
specializing in chimp vocalization

370
00:30:53,818 --> 00:30:54,978
With the passing years

371
00:30:55,086 --> 00:31:00,285
Gombe drew students from around
the world with interests ranging from

372
00:31:00,391 --> 00:31:03,326
biology to communication
to psychology

373
00:31:04,429 --> 00:31:08,991
They came because of Jane
and the unique opportunities

374
00:31:09,100 --> 00:31:11,295
of the living laboratory
she created here

375
00:31:15,773 --> 00:31:18,071
To avoid future aggression
over bananas

376
00:31:18,176 --> 00:31:22,545
Jane devised a system of rationing
by remote control

377
00:31:23,314 --> 00:31:28,684
Now the chimps were fed only if they
arrived alone or in small groups

378
00:31:28,786 --> 00:31:31,220
and then just once in ten days

379
00:31:32,457 --> 00:31:35,449
Apparently not happy with
this new state of affairs

380
00:31:35,560 --> 00:31:39,052
the ever-creative chimps
made their wishes known

381
00:31:55,780 --> 00:32:00,615
The chimps' presence in camp provided
an opportunity for experiments

382
00:32:00,718 --> 00:32:02,618
not possible in the forest

383
00:32:02,787 --> 00:32:05,722
How would they react to
something new?

384
00:32:09,227 --> 00:32:12,628
All chimpanzees are intensely curious

385
00:32:13,031 --> 00:32:15,556
but often afraid of the unfamiliar

386
00:32:16,801 --> 00:32:22,000
For the first time, Flint attempts
the typical male intimidation display

387
00:32:22,106 --> 00:32:24,472
pulling vegetation and stamping

388
00:32:37,722 --> 00:32:39,713
Later Jane put out a mirror

389
00:32:41,025 --> 00:32:44,051
It was clearly a fascinating mystery

390
00:32:55,807 --> 00:32:59,402
In retrospect,
Jane will say that had she known

391
00:32:59,510 --> 00:33:01,000
her study would continue indefinitely

392
00:33:01,112 --> 00:33:05,481
she would not have encouraged
contact between herself and the chimps

393
00:33:05,583 --> 00:33:08,711
For one thing,
they are stronger than humans and

394
00:33:08,820 --> 00:33:11,584
if they lose their fear, dangerous

395
00:33:12,090 --> 00:33:13,421
Indeed, in the future

396
00:33:13,524 --> 00:33:17,324
Jane would minimize
all interaction with the chimps

397
00:33:17,495 --> 00:33:18,587
But for the moment

398
00:33:18,696 --> 00:33:20,823
after the long struggle
for acceptance

399
00:33:20,932 --> 00:33:26,370
David's silent consent to be
groomed was a prize beyond measure

400
00:33:39,150 --> 00:33:42,278
In 1966 tragedy strikes

401
00:33:42,653 --> 00:33:45,588
An epidemic spreads from
a nearby village

402
00:33:46,024 --> 00:33:49,551
and Gombe awakes to
the devastation of polio

403
00:33:49,727 --> 00:33:51,957
"Nothing that has happened at Gombe

404
00:33:52,063 --> 00:33:55,396
befoe or since has been
as horrible nothing

405
00:33:56,100 --> 00:34:00,935
They were among the darkest days
of my life; a living nightmare

406
00:34:01,606 --> 00:34:05,042
The worst tragedy was
old Mr. McGregor

407
00:34:05,376 --> 00:34:07,674
He lost the use of both his legs

408
00:34:07,779 --> 00:34:12,409
and he could only move by pulling
himself along the ground by his arms

409
00:34:13,084 --> 00:34:14,517
The other chimps were frightened

410
00:34:14,619 --> 00:34:18,214
by this strangeness and
shunned old Gregor

411
00:34:18,489 --> 00:34:22,983
Only his close relative
Humphrey, stayed nearby

412
00:34:32,236 --> 00:34:33,430
The mother, Olly

413
00:34:33,538 --> 00:34:36,769
has lost her month-old infant
to the disease

414
00:34:36,874 --> 00:34:39,104
Though she knows he is not alive

415
00:34:39,310 --> 00:34:42,302
she carries his dead body
for three days

416
00:34:54,258 --> 00:34:57,785
Polio vaccine is flown in
and fed to the chimps in bananas

417
00:34:57,895 --> 00:35:00,625
but for many it is too late

418
00:35:01,365 --> 00:35:04,596
Flo's son, Faben,
paralyzed in one arm

419
00:35:04,702 --> 00:35:07,762
protects it by walking
long distances upright

420
00:35:13,945 --> 00:35:17,472
To get food Mr. McGregor had learned
to pull himself into trees

421
00:35:17,582 --> 00:35:19,948
with the strength
of his arms alone

422
00:35:20,284 --> 00:35:23,253
But he dislocated a shoulder
while trying to climb

423
00:35:23,354 --> 00:35:26,255
and now can no longer move at all

424
00:35:31,996 --> 00:35:34,430
Jane knew she had but one choice

425
00:35:34,632 --> 00:35:37,100
Her longtime friend must be shot

426
00:35:43,975 --> 00:35:47,172
But 1967 would bring joy

427
00:35:47,278 --> 00:35:52,409
Married three years
Hugo and Jane now had a son

428
00:35:52,683 --> 00:35:54,878
Little Hugo, nicknamed Grub

429
00:35:54,986 --> 00:35:58,547
would grown up in a world
most children never even see

430
00:36:03,661 --> 00:36:06,892
Spending less time at work
to be with Grub

431
00:36:07,098 --> 00:36:09,532
Jane modeled her behavior
after the patient

432
00:36:09,634 --> 00:36:12,626
afectionate chimp mothers
she had long observed

433
00:36:15,139 --> 00:36:18,404
"Gombe was the ideal place
to raise a child," she said

434
00:36:18,609 --> 00:36:22,238
"You could focus on the
important things in life: Family

435
00:36:22,346 --> 00:36:27,045
unity with all living creatures
being part of the natural world."

436
00:36:34,859 --> 00:36:36,986
As she watched her own son grow

437
00:36:37,094 --> 00:36:40,723
Jane continued to track
the development of Flo's son

438
00:36:40,831 --> 00:36:43,527
Flint, who was now four and a half

439
00:36:47,905 --> 00:36:49,600
Pregnant with her fifth child

440
00:36:49,707 --> 00:36:53,404
Flo was increasing her attempts
to wean Flint

441
00:36:53,644 --> 00:36:56,169
Typical of youngsters his age

442
00:36:56,280 --> 00:36:59,772
he resisted - still trying
to suckle and demanding

443
00:36:59,884 --> 00:37:02,148
to ride on Flo despite
his large size

444
00:37:11,762 --> 00:37:12,888
When denied his way

445
00:37:12,997 --> 00:37:15,591
Flint threw violent temper tantrums

446
00:37:15,700 --> 00:37:18,100
even hitting and biting his mother

447
00:37:25,710 --> 00:37:28,178
"Perhaps because she was
too old to cope

448
00:37:28,279 --> 00:37:32,716
Flo often gave in
and let Flint have his way

449
00:37:32,850 --> 00:37:36,377
Later, this would have
grave consequences."

450
00:37:41,425 --> 00:37:45,691
Later that year, the baby was born
and Jane named her Flame

451
00:37:46,364 --> 00:37:48,525
Still attached to the placenta

452
00:37:48,633 --> 00:37:51,124
Flame was just a few hours old

453
00:37:57,275 --> 00:38:00,972
Because females give birth only once
every five to six years

454
00:38:01,078 --> 00:38:05,845
a newborn always stirs much curiosity
among the youngsters

455
00:38:06,350 --> 00:38:10,150
Jane wondered what the birth
would mean to Flint

456
00:38:22,266 --> 00:38:26,168
Flint's behavior would be expected
to change with the new arrival

457
00:38:26,270 --> 00:38:29,034
but instead he was getting worse

458
00:38:29,206 --> 00:38:31,367
"Even after the birth of his sibling

459
00:38:31,475 --> 00:38:34,103
when most youngsters become
more independent

460
00:38:34,211 --> 00:38:37,806
Flint continued to pester
his mother for attention

461
00:38:38,015 --> 00:38:42,145
And, more often than not
Flo gave in to his demands."

462
00:38:48,492 --> 00:38:50,483
Even with Flame at Flo's breast

463
00:38:50,594 --> 00:38:52,892
Flint sometimes tried to suckle

464
00:39:01,906 --> 00:39:04,898
Six months later while Flo was ill

465
00:39:05,009 --> 00:39:08,672
Flame disappeared
never to be seen again

466
00:39:09,080 --> 00:39:11,139
With no baby to care for now

467
00:39:11,248 --> 00:39:15,150
Flo stopped even trying to
encourage Flint's independence

468
00:39:15,453 --> 00:39:18,718
Jane wondered if he would remain
an infant forever

469
00:39:21,859 --> 00:39:26,853
Life expectancy of a wild chimpanzee
is guessed at forty to fifty years

470
00:39:26,964 --> 00:39:31,264
Flo, now well past 40,
was feeble and worn

471
00:39:31,369 --> 00:39:35,032
spending most of her time
resting quietly near Flint

472
00:39:39,043 --> 00:39:42,274
"Although I knew that Flo
had become very old indeed

473
00:39:42,380 --> 00:39:47,340
it was still a sad day when I found
her dead body lying in the stream

474
00:39:48,152 --> 00:39:51,610
For me it was like losing
an old friend

475
00:39:51,889 --> 00:39:55,825
For Flint it was like losing
his whole world

476
00:40:10,274 --> 00:40:15,405
Flint stayed by himself close
to the place where Flo had died

477
00:40:15,513 --> 00:40:16,707
He ate very little

478
00:40:16,814 --> 00:40:20,375
He became increasingly lethargic
and depressed

479
00:40:20,751 --> 00:40:23,185
And, finally,
in this state of grieving

480
00:40:23,287 --> 00:40:24,914
he grew sick

481
00:40:25,523 --> 00:40:28,356
Three and a half weeks
after losing his mother

482
00:40:28,492 --> 00:40:30,551
Flint died too."

483
00:40:48,379 --> 00:40:53,646
Today the name Jane Goodall is
almost synonymous with animal research

484
00:40:53,851 --> 00:40:57,252
Accomplished author
speaker, and now a PhD

485
00:40:57,354 --> 00:40:59,515
she is sought all over the world

486
00:40:59,790 --> 00:41:01,257
A rarity among scientists

487
00:41:01,358 --> 00:41:04,555
she has become a celebrity
in her own right

488
00:41:04,762 --> 00:41:05,854
"...he wasn't having it at all

489
00:41:05,963 --> 00:41:08,124
He wanted to follow
his adolescent brother."

490
00:41:08,332 --> 00:41:10,766
Wherever she goes on
her annual lecture tours

491
00:41:10,868 --> 00:41:13,996
eager crowds gather to hear
the latest chapter

492
00:41:14,104 --> 00:41:15,833
in the lives of the chimps

493
00:41:16,307 --> 00:41:19,799
"Any new, particular new developments
new behavior of the chimps?"

494
00:41:19,910 --> 00:41:23,175
"Two quite interesting new developments

495
00:41:23,280 --> 00:41:26,306
One is concerned with
territoriality..."

496
00:41:26,417 --> 00:41:29,181
Though she welcomes the opportunity
to share her world

497
00:41:29,286 --> 00:41:31,311
Jane keeps her visits short

498
00:41:31,422 --> 00:41:34,391
Gombe is where she most wants to be

499
00:41:35,726 --> 00:41:40,186
With her on this trip are her mother
returning for a nostalgic visit

500
00:41:40,297 --> 00:41:42,060
and Grub, now 15

501
00:41:45,703 --> 00:41:48,001
Though not even Jane
could have predicted

502
00:41:48,105 --> 00:41:49,629
her study would last this long

503
00:41:49,740 --> 00:41:53,733
it is 22 years since she first
set foot on Gombe's shores

504
00:41:57,448 --> 00:42:01,851
In that time the country has gone
from British rule to independence;

505
00:42:01,952 --> 00:42:06,048
Gombe once a game reserve
is now a national park

506
00:42:06,690 --> 00:42:11,150
But friendships that span more
than two decades remain unchanged

507
00:42:21,639 --> 00:42:25,769
Today permanent structures have
replaced Jane's lakeshore tent

508
00:42:25,876 --> 00:42:28,743
and a staff of ten
Tanzanian field assistants

509
00:42:28,846 --> 00:42:31,838
has been trained to help
observe the chimps

510
00:42:35,920 --> 00:42:41,119
The men work in teams of two and
follow the animals seven days a week

511
00:42:41,225 --> 00:42:44,251
In recent years they,
along with Jane

512
00:42:44,361 --> 00:42:47,159
withessed a startling turn of events

513
00:42:47,464 --> 00:42:51,958
Like Gombe itself, the chimps,
it seemed had changed too

514
00:42:52,503 --> 00:42:54,903
"If I'd left,
as Louis Leakey predicted

515
00:42:55,005 --> 00:42:58,907
after ten years, we would have
had a very different picture

516
00:42:59,009 --> 00:43:02,206
of the chimpanzees to that
which we have today

517
00:43:02,413 --> 00:43:05,007
People's idea of the gentle

518
00:43:05,115 --> 00:43:08,710
noble savage would have been
exemplified by the way of

519
00:43:08,819 --> 00:43:10,377
life of the chimps

520
00:43:10,487 --> 00:43:16,619
I started off studying one
community and in 1972 that community

521
00:43:16,727 --> 00:43:22,131
divided into two and one part of
it moved down into the south of

522
00:43:22,232 --> 00:43:24,564
the range that
the whole community had shared

523
00:43:24,668 --> 00:43:30,470
Two years later a series of events
began which were amongst the most

524
00:43:30,574 --> 00:43:32,132
horrifying we have seen at Gombe

525
00:43:32,242 --> 00:43:35,109
The males of the larger
asakela community

526
00:43:35,212 --> 00:43:37,305
the one's that we are studying today

527
00:43:37,414 --> 00:43:41,441
systematically began to hunt down
individuals of the smaller

528
00:43:41,552 --> 00:43:46,854
southern community to attack them
when they found them on their own

529
00:43:46,957 --> 00:43:50,290
or in small groups and within
a full year period every one

530
00:43:50,394 --> 00:43:54,524
of the seven males
and at least one of the three females

531
00:43:54,632 --> 00:43:56,998
who had moved to the south
had disappeared."

532
00:44:19,356 --> 00:44:25,852
"The sequence of events that occurred
during this warfare

533
00:44:26,196 --> 00:44:31,031
were really shocking because these attacks
were not over in one minute

534
00:44:31,135 --> 00:44:32,727
They lasted 20 minutes

535
00:44:32,836 --> 00:44:36,738
They were gang attacks
where between three and six adult males

536
00:44:36,840 --> 00:44:39,502
together attacked one victim

537
00:44:39,610 --> 00:44:43,740
The victim was rendered senseless
virtually crouching on the ground

538
00:44:43,847 --> 00:44:45,644
not even trying to fight back

539
00:44:45,749 --> 00:44:48,013
And yet they would pound him
they would drag him

540
00:44:48,118 --> 00:44:50,211
they would bite him
they would smash him

541
00:44:50,320 --> 00:44:51,912
One of them had a broken leg

542
00:44:52,022 --> 00:44:55,423
One of them had a great piece of
skin ripped from his thigh

543
00:44:55,592 --> 00:44:58,823
And these were very
very brutal attacks

544
00:44:58,929 --> 00:45:02,695
and I think it's a bit horrifying
to consider that just

545
00:45:02,800 --> 00:45:05,564
because we now know how aggressive
the chimpanzee can be

546
00:45:05,669 --> 00:45:09,730
this makes them even more like humans
than I thought they were before."

547
00:45:13,010 --> 00:45:17,106
Only because Jane stayed on at Gombe
was the warfare discovered

548
00:45:17,715 --> 00:45:22,015
Only because she remains there
still may it one day be explained

549
00:45:24,822 --> 00:45:28,519
While the male gang violence
was a profoundly dramatic event

550
00:45:28,625 --> 00:45:32,823
much of Jane's work continues to
revolve around the subtle intricacies

551
00:45:32,930 --> 00:45:34,989
of day-to-day family life

552
00:45:37,401 --> 00:45:40,928
Her observations of Flo and Flint
taught her just how powerful

553
00:45:41,038 --> 00:45:43,097
a mother's influence can be

554
00:45:43,474 --> 00:45:45,533
In the ten years since Flo died

555
00:45:45,642 --> 00:45:49,339
Jane has followed her family
into its third generation

556
00:45:50,214 --> 00:45:53,775
Flo's daughter, Fifi
is now a mother herself

557
00:45:54,017 --> 00:45:58,351
Like Flo, Fifi is an extremely
playful and tolerant mother

558
00:45:59,189 --> 00:46:03,182
Her son, Frodo, bears a striking
resemblance to his dead uncle Flint

559
00:46:04,027 --> 00:46:08,123
Young Fanni evokes images of
Fifi herself as a child

560
00:46:08,866 --> 00:46:13,997
And in adolescent Freud a visible
reminder of Figan as he matured

561
00:46:17,975 --> 00:46:20,034
"Gremlin now watches Frodo

562
00:46:20,711 --> 00:46:23,771
Getty much more active
than he used to be."

563
00:46:25,749 --> 00:46:26,977
As she watches Getty

564
00:46:27,084 --> 00:46:31,077
the youngest member of the Gomber
community secure in his mother's arms

565
00:46:31,455 --> 00:46:34,822
Jane reflects on
ten other infants who

566
00:46:34,925 --> 00:46:38,622
over the course of four years
met a gruesome fate

567
00:46:39,163 --> 00:46:42,223
"There was one extremely horrifying day

568
00:46:42,399 --> 00:46:43,832
I was in Dar es Salaam

569
00:46:43,934 --> 00:46:49,497
and we were contacting Gombe by
radio as we used to do every morning

570
00:46:49,606 --> 00:46:54,441
And this strange message came over
that the adult female Passion

571
00:46:54,545 --> 00:46:56,172
and her adolescent daughter

572
00:46:56,280 --> 00:47:00,512
Pom, had seized a newborn
infant from Gilka

573
00:47:00,551 --> 00:47:02,985
Gilka, one of the polio victims

574
00:47:03,086 --> 00:47:05,680
a chimp I'd known since
she was one year old

575
00:47:06,056 --> 00:47:10,186
And that this mother Passion
had killed the baby

576
00:47:10,294 --> 00:47:14,458
and she and her daughter and her son
had shared the body between them

577
00:47:14,565 --> 00:47:17,432
And I found this almost
impossible to believe

578
00:47:17,534 --> 00:47:21,493
But when I got to Gombe a week later
it was indeed true

579
00:47:21,605 --> 00:47:27,976
And over the next four years Passion
and her daughter Pom were known

580
00:47:28,078 --> 00:47:31,275
to kill and eat three newborn babies

581
00:47:31,481 --> 00:47:35,850
They were watched as they
tried but failed to catch two more

582
00:47:35,953 --> 00:47:38,421
And we suspect that
in that four years

583
00:47:38,522 --> 00:47:40,888
in fact, they were
responsible for the deaths

584
00:47:40,991 --> 00:47:43,425
of ten newborn babies."

585
00:47:44,795 --> 00:47:49,892
Jane had always described Passion
as "a somewhat unnatural mother"

586
00:47:50,000 --> 00:47:55,028
cold and indifferent,
indeed often callous to her youngsters

587
00:47:55,172 --> 00:47:58,005
Yet Jane could not possibly
have predicted that Passion

588
00:47:58,108 --> 00:47:59,541
would become a killer

589
00:47:59,643 --> 00:48:04,012
attacking with aggression so violent
that she paid no attention to human

590
00:48:04,114 --> 00:48:07,049
observers even when
they tried to intervene

591
00:48:07,818 --> 00:48:11,777
"Why did they do it?
I really have no idea

592
00:48:12,089 --> 00:48:16,219
I suspect that it was an
aberrant behavior shown first

593
00:48:16,326 --> 00:48:21,286
by the mother imitated
by the daughter

594
00:48:22,299 --> 00:48:27,168
It was, perhaps, the hardest thing to
understand and to accept

595
00:48:27,271 --> 00:48:29,205
that's ever happened at Gombe

596
00:48:29,606 --> 00:48:34,908
And the descriptions of the attacks
on these mothers are some of

597
00:48:35,012 --> 00:48:40,575
the most moving and horrifying
descriptions that have taken place

598
00:48:40,684 --> 00:48:43,380
in all the 22 years

599
00:48:43,487 --> 00:48:46,547
For instance, when passion,
together with Pom

600
00:48:46,657 --> 00:48:51,822
two strong females, attacked
Melissa with her three-week-old baby

601
00:48:51,929 --> 00:48:53,658
Melissa's daughter Gremlin

602
00:48:53,764 --> 00:48:57,632
much younger than Pom,
ran over to the two field

603
00:48:57,734 --> 00:49:00,168
assistants who were watching
this horrifying struggle

604
00:49:00,270 --> 00:49:02,738
stood upright,
looked into their eyes

605
00:49:02,839 --> 00:49:06,707
looked back at the scene, and
really seemed to be begging for help

606
00:49:06,810 --> 00:49:09,301
But Passion and Pom
were strong

607
00:49:09,413 --> 00:49:13,144
stronger than Melissa,
and they managed to seize the baby

608
00:49:13,250 --> 00:49:15,912
leaving Melissa terribly
badly wounded

609
00:49:16,053 --> 00:49:19,079
The moment they had the baby
and had killed it

610
00:49:19,189 --> 00:49:22,158
when Melissa went up to watch
as they ate it

611
00:49:22,259 --> 00:49:26,161
Pasion reached out
embraced and kissed her as though

612
00:49:26,263 --> 00:49:28,788
I have no quarrel with you."

613
00:49:28,899 --> 00:49:30,161
I wanted your baby

614
00:49:30,267 --> 00:49:31,632
Now I'm content

615
00:49:31,735 --> 00:49:34,704
And as I say we just do not
understand this behavior

616
00:49:34,805 --> 00:49:37,831
Hopefully now
the behavior is finished

617
00:49:37,941 --> 00:49:38,908
Passion is dead

618
00:49:39,009 --> 00:49:41,239
Pom has shown no signs of
doing this and, indeed

619
00:49:41,345 --> 00:49:45,213
on her own isn't capable
of attacking another female

620
00:49:45,315 --> 00:49:46,907
and stealing her baby."

621
00:49:50,887 --> 00:49:55,153
For now the warfare is over
the cannibalism has ceased

622
00:49:55,926 --> 00:50:00,761
Gombe is quiet again but for the
eternal sounds of the African night

623
00:50:06,236 --> 00:50:08,727
Then on a summer evening in 1982

624
00:50:08,839 --> 00:50:12,400
a joyous chorus of human
voices pervades the dark

625
00:50:12,509 --> 00:50:17,446
an anniversary party celebrating
22 years of research at Gombe

626
00:50:19,583 --> 00:50:22,313
To share this night, some have come
by boat

627
00:50:22,419 --> 00:50:24,785
others have walked for miles

628
00:50:25,255 --> 00:50:27,314
With traditional feasting
and speeches

629
00:50:27,424 --> 00:50:31,656
they join together to toast the
future and celebrate the past

630
00:50:34,698 --> 00:50:36,632
"Well, after 22 years I have many

631
00:50:36,733 --> 00:50:39,099
many fond memories of Gombe

632
00:50:39,669 --> 00:50:43,537
Perhaps the one that I like to
think back on most

633
00:50:43,640 --> 00:50:46,234
was after having struggled

634
00:50:46,343 --> 00:50:47,867
crawled through the undergrowth

635
00:50:47,978 --> 00:50:50,242
climbed up to the Peak and down again

636
00:50:50,347 --> 00:50:52,679
and searched, and being rewarded

637
00:50:52,783 --> 00:50:54,444
yes by seeing chimps, but chimps

638
00:50:54,551 --> 00:50:57,019
that ran away every time I went
up to them -

639
00:50:57,120 --> 00:50:59,418
to have a chimpanzee just sit there

640
00:50:59,523 --> 00:51:02,720
and watch me and know that I was
there and not mind

641
00:51:02,826 --> 00:51:06,125
That was a very, very wonderful moment

642
00:51:06,229 --> 00:51:09,130
It was a tremendous feeling of
accomplishment

643
00:51:09,232 --> 00:51:14,135
and exhilaration and pride in the
fact that I'd been accepted

644
00:51:14,704 --> 00:51:19,403
And then a rather different kind of
memory was the first time

645
00:51:19,509 --> 00:51:22,376
that a wild chimpanzee mother
came up to me

646
00:51:22,479 --> 00:51:24,947
and allowed her infant to reach
out with

647
00:51:25,048 --> 00:51:28,609
that wondering expression in his eyes
to touch me

648
00:51:28,718 --> 00:51:32,154
And that, of course, was Flo with
her infant Flint

649
00:51:32,355 --> 00:51:34,687
And that's another moment I'll
never forget."

650
00:51:38,929 --> 00:51:41,898
And though it often seems a lifetime ago

651
00:51:41,998 --> 00:51:46,128
she remembers them all three
generations of chimps

652
00:51:46,236 --> 00:51:50,172
who allowed her the privilege of
entering their private world

653
00:51:50,841 --> 00:51:53,309
Wild animals roaming free

654
00:51:53,410 --> 00:51:57,005
who permitted a human to live among
them as a friend

655
00:52:14,931 --> 00:52:19,061
Today, the direction of the study
lies uncharted

656
00:52:19,336 --> 00:52:22,032
ahead to be written by
the chimps themselves

657
00:52:22,572 --> 00:52:28,306
It is a future Jane Goodall embraces
with anticipation and a personal dream

658
00:52:28,478 --> 00:52:33,506
"I hope to stay at Gombe for as long
as I can struggle around the mountains

659
00:52:33,617 --> 00:52:36,415
and even after that I would hope

660
00:52:36,520 --> 00:52:40,047
that I can train somebody to follow
in my footsteps

661
00:52:40,157 --> 00:52:42,352
so that when I'm an old and
doddering lady

662
00:52:42,459 --> 00:52:46,122
I can still hear about Melissa's
grandchildren

663
00:52:46,229 --> 00:52:51,861
and Fifi's successors and be happy
in my old age."

664
00:52:53,270 --> 00:52:56,967
When Louis Leakey told Jane her
study might last ten years

665
00:52:57,073 --> 00:52:59,268
it sounded like a lifetime

666
00:52:59,409 --> 00:53:03,072
and privately she thought
"three years at mos."

667
00:53:03,647 --> 00:53:06,514
Already into her third decade at Gombe

668
00:53:06,616 --> 00:53:10,347
the pioneer who dared to be accepted
by wild animals

669
00:53:10,453 --> 00:53:14,549
and won has no intention of
leaving now