1 00:00:06,506 --> 00:00:10,374 Within these walls lies a mystical city... 2 00:00:10,510 --> 00:00:13,604 an ancient promise of peace so desired 3 00:00:13,747 --> 00:00:17,410 that man has warred over it for thousands of years. 4 00:00:17,550 --> 00:00:20,018 Over the centuries its walls have been reddened 5 00:00:20,153 --> 00:00:22,451 by the blood of Jebusites and Jews, 6 00:00:22,589 --> 00:00:26,548 Babylonians and Persians armies of Arabs, Crusaders, 7 00:00:26,693 --> 00:00:30,026 Ottoman TurKs, and the British Empire. 8 00:00:30,530 --> 00:00:34,364 Sacred city of the soul for one third of the earth's people, 9 00:00:34,501 --> 00:00:39,234 through the millennia it has drawn manKind to itself liKe a magnet. 10 00:00:54,254 --> 00:00:57,246 To all who live, worK, and visit here, 11 00:00:57,390 --> 00:00:59,221 this is more than a city; 12 00:00:59,359 --> 00:01:02,487 it is a haven the fulfillment of some dream 13 00:01:02,629 --> 00:01:07,259 or prophecy the legacy of generations who have gone before. 14 00:01:14,908 --> 00:01:16,773 For this man and his family, 15 00:01:16,910 --> 00:01:19,378 coming here was the consummation of a promise made, 16 00:01:19,512 --> 00:01:21,605 2,000 years ago. 17 00:01:24,350 --> 00:01:26,716 This man came here as an orphaned boy 18 00:01:26,853 --> 00:01:30,550 and found a miniature version of his lost nation. 19 00:01:35,695 --> 00:01:37,754 The darK shadow of Hitler's armies advancing 20 00:01:37,897 --> 00:01:40,957 across Europe drove this man on a path 21 00:01:41,101 --> 00:01:42,932 that led to the discovery of his roots 22 00:01:43,069 --> 00:01:45,731 in the very earth beneath his home. 23 00:01:46,539 --> 00:01:49,667 The magnetism of the city's Holy Places is so strong 24 00:01:49,809 --> 00:01:53,711 that this man risKed losing his own family to come here. 25 00:01:56,149 --> 00:01:57,480 Proud inheritor of a name 26 00:01:57,617 --> 00:02:00,745 that has lived in this city for 1,300 years, 27 00:02:00,887 --> 00:02:04,846 this man's life bridges past and future. 28 00:02:05,158 --> 00:02:07,353 From near and far they have come, 29 00:02:07,494 --> 00:02:10,588 searching for refuge, for their pasts, 30 00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:12,789 and the meaning of the present. 31 00:02:25,645 --> 00:02:29,274 Three thousand years of vibrant history, hope, 32 00:02:29,415 --> 00:02:32,816 and belief are rooted here 33 00:02:32,952 --> 00:02:36,251 within the walls of Jerusalem. 34 00:03:20,033 --> 00:03:22,763 Jerusalem, within these walls 35 00:03:22,902 --> 00:03:25,871 in the tiny enclave that is the Old City, 36 00:03:26,005 --> 00:03:27,802 some of the greatest dramas in the history 37 00:03:27,941 --> 00:03:30,432 of manKind have been enacted. 38 00:03:32,579 --> 00:03:36,140 This is a story of that city crucible of the world's three 39 00:03:36,282 --> 00:03:38,580 great monotheistic religions... 40 00:03:38,718 --> 00:03:42,654 symbol of peace in an area of turmoil and upheaval. 41 00:03:43,022 --> 00:03:46,753 It is a story of peoples of profoundly different cultures 42 00:03:46,893 --> 00:03:49,453 who struggle to maintain those differences 43 00:03:49,596 --> 00:03:51,757 people who have fought each other, 44 00:03:51,898 --> 00:03:57,427 but now live side by side in sometimes uneasy coexistence. 45 00:04:22,595 --> 00:04:24,586 Jews from around the world pray 46 00:04:24,731 --> 00:04:28,030 at the Western Wall vestige of the Second Temple... 47 00:04:28,167 --> 00:04:32,228 object of Jewish yearning and prayer for 2,000 years. 48 00:04:41,948 --> 00:04:43,210 Here, built on the sites 49 00:04:43,349 --> 00:04:46,614 where tradition says Jesus spent His last moments on earth, 50 00:04:46,753 --> 00:04:48,778 was crucified and entombed, 51 00:04:48,921 --> 00:04:51,549 is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. 52 00:04:52,425 --> 00:04:55,360 Most holy of shrines in the Christian world, 53 00:04:55,495 --> 00:04:57,224 this church has attracted pilgrims 54 00:04:57,363 --> 00:04:59,923 since the time of Constantine the Great. 55 00:05:12,612 --> 00:05:14,842 In the walls of their ancient quarter, 56 00:05:14,981 --> 00:05:20,078 Armenians strive to preserve the heritage of a vanished Kingdom... 57 00:05:20,219 --> 00:05:26,454 in their lives... and in the hearts and minds of their younger generation. 58 00:05:32,765 --> 00:05:36,257 Consecrated under this Dome is the sacred rocK where, 59 00:05:36,402 --> 00:05:37,198 tradition says, 60 00:05:37,337 --> 00:05:40,033 abraham prepared to sacrifice Isaac... 61 00:05:40,173 --> 00:05:42,903 over which the ancient temples of the Jews were built... 62 00:05:43,042 --> 00:05:44,873 from which, Muslims proclaim, 63 00:05:45,011 --> 00:05:47,479 Muhammad journeyed to heaven. 64 00:05:50,350 --> 00:05:52,750 This tumult of people and history 65 00:05:52,885 --> 00:05:56,412 intersects in the labyrinth of the ancient bazaars. 66 00:06:50,843 --> 00:06:53,141 Wrapped around the venerable city liKe the setting 67 00:06:53,279 --> 00:06:57,045 for an exotic jewel are the walls retaining traces 68 00:06:57,183 --> 00:06:58,775 of the eras of ing Herod, 69 00:06:58,918 --> 00:07:00,943 the Romans, and Crusaders... 70 00:07:01,087 --> 00:07:06,286 last rebuilt by Suleiman the Magnificent 400 years ago. 71 00:07:07,393 --> 00:07:11,090 Outside the walls, there is the twentieth century, 72 00:07:11,230 --> 00:07:13,425 the new city of Jerusalem, 73 00:07:13,566 --> 00:07:17,127 and the administrative center of the nation of Israel. 74 00:07:18,204 --> 00:07:22,038 Inside is a city believed by medieval man 75 00:07:22,175 --> 00:07:24,336 to be the center of the Universe, 76 00:07:24,477 --> 00:07:27,344 a city Known to more people for a longer time 77 00:07:27,480 --> 00:07:29,471 than any other on earth. 78 00:07:30,950 --> 00:07:35,785 Here, the heart of historic Jerusalem still beats. 79 00:07:39,792 --> 00:07:44,957 Its ethnic-religious quarters cling to the sites that give them life: 80 00:07:45,198 --> 00:07:46,859 The Dome of the RocK: 81 00:07:46,999 --> 00:07:50,196 Third holiest place of Islamic pilgrimage after Mecca 82 00:07:50,336 --> 00:07:55,296 and Medina and focal point of the Muslim Quarter... 83 00:07:55,441 --> 00:07:58,274 the Western Wall Known as the Wailing Wall... 84 00:07:58,411 --> 00:08:02,245 symbol of the Jewish Quarter... 85 00:08:02,982 --> 00:08:04,711 the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, 86 00:08:04,851 --> 00:08:08,787 core of the Christian Quarter that has grown around it... 87 00:08:09,455 --> 00:08:11,082 the Cathedral of St. James, 88 00:08:11,224 --> 00:08:14,022 spiritual center of the Armenian Quarter. 89 00:08:14,861 --> 00:08:18,490 Twenty-six thousand souls maKe their home in the Old City, 90 00:08:18,631 --> 00:08:21,862 pacKed into an area of less than one square mile. 91 00:08:25,371 --> 00:08:29,034 Their story began 3,000 years ago, 92 00:08:29,175 --> 00:08:32,576 when ing David bought the threshing floor on this hill as the site 93 00:08:32,712 --> 00:08:35,545 for the temple of the Jew's one God. 94 00:08:35,948 --> 00:08:37,381 Having subdued the Jebusites, 95 00:08:37,517 --> 00:08:39,348 he transformed their city into the capital 96 00:08:39,485 --> 00:08:41,419 of the United ingdom of Israel 97 00:08:41,554 --> 00:08:47,618 and thrust Jerusalem center stage in a drama that continues to this day. 98 00:08:49,695 --> 00:08:51,993 Once a royal center of impressive structures 99 00:08:52,131 --> 00:08:53,860 and massive fortifications, 100 00:08:54,000 --> 00:08:57,766 the City of David has begun to reveal its past to archeologists 101 00:08:57,904 --> 00:09:02,841 under the direction of Dr. Yigal Shiloh of the Hebrew University. 102 00:09:03,876 --> 00:09:06,709 "David made this city more important than others 103 00:09:06,846 --> 00:09:12,011 by choosing this location to become the capital of Judea at the south 104 00:09:12,151 --> 00:09:14,142 and Israel at the north." 105 00:09:14,287 --> 00:09:16,881 The residential area of David's capital probably looKed 106 00:09:17,023 --> 00:09:19,423 much liKe this village of today. 107 00:09:20,293 --> 00:09:22,659 Urbanization undoubtedly began here 108 00:09:22,795 --> 00:09:25,628 because of the presence of the Spring of Gihon 109 00:09:25,765 --> 00:09:28,097 a constant source of water. 110 00:09:35,441 --> 00:09:37,238 At the end of the eighth century B.C., 111 00:09:37,376 --> 00:09:39,606 anticipating an attacK by the Assyrians, 112 00:09:39,745 --> 00:09:42,771 ing HezeKiah ordered this tunnel built. 113 00:09:45,751 --> 00:09:49,209 "Why should the Kings of Assyria come and find much water?" 114 00:09:49,355 --> 00:09:54,793 AsKs the Bible in Second Chronicles Cut deep underground, 115 00:09:54,927 --> 00:09:57,418 the tunnel carried the water nearly 1,800 feet 116 00:09:57,563 --> 00:10:01,624 from the spring outside the wall to a point inside the city. 117 00:10:01,767 --> 00:10:07,069 "This system was done by King HezeKiah as it is described in the Bible 118 00:10:07,206 --> 00:10:08,798 and the inscription that was found 119 00:10:08,941 --> 00:10:11,637 at the southern end of the tunnel." 120 00:10:14,780 --> 00:10:18,216 The city survived the siege of the Assyrians. 121 00:10:20,786 --> 00:10:25,655 But in 586 B.C., Babylonian forces burned Jerusalem, 122 00:10:25,791 --> 00:10:29,727 massacred thousands, and exiled the enslaved survivors. 123 00:10:29,862 --> 00:10:32,695 Archeologists have uncovered poignant reminders of those 124 00:10:32,832 --> 00:10:34,094 who once lived here, 125 00:10:34,233 --> 00:10:39,569 including clay seals bearing names of people mentioned in the Bible. 126 00:10:40,373 --> 00:10:43,274 The lament of the exiles echoes through history: 127 00:10:43,409 --> 00:10:45,206 "If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, 128 00:10:45,344 --> 00:10:47,744 let my right hand forget her cunning... 129 00:10:47,880 --> 00:10:50,713 let my tongue cleave to the roof of my mouth, 130 00:10:50,850 --> 00:10:55,219 if I prefer not Jerusalem above my chief joy!" 131 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:01,990 A half century later, 132 00:11:02,128 --> 00:11:03,925 the Persians defeated the Babylonians 133 00:11:04,063 --> 00:11:06,156 and allowed the Jews to return. 134 00:11:06,332 --> 00:11:09,995 The Second Temple rose on the site of the first. 135 00:11:11,871 --> 00:11:14,567 This model depicts Jerusalem as it was 136 00:11:14,707 --> 00:11:18,438 when Jesus came here to celebrate the festival of Passover. 137 00:11:19,612 --> 00:11:21,603 Although He Knew the repressive Roman rulers 138 00:11:21,747 --> 00:11:23,374 had labeled Him a rebel, 139 00:11:23,516 --> 00:11:28,249 He continued to preach brotherhood Kindness, and charity. 140 00:11:31,724 --> 00:11:34,158 In the last days before His Crucifixion, 141 00:11:34,293 --> 00:11:37,091 Jesus left the temple by these steps. 142 00:11:37,463 --> 00:11:41,331 They are on of the few remnants that remain for in 70 A. D., 143 00:11:41,467 --> 00:11:43,298 on the anniversary of the day the Babylonians 144 00:11:43,436 --> 00:11:45,336 had sacKed the First Temple, 145 00:11:45,471 --> 00:11:48,634 the Romans burned the city butchered the people, 146 00:11:48,774 --> 00:11:51,242 and tooK the rest as slaves. 147 00:11:53,379 --> 00:11:57,577 Thus was Jerusalem destroyed for a second time. 148 00:12:05,958 --> 00:12:08,984 Six hundred years later according to Muslim belief, 149 00:12:09,128 --> 00:12:11,528 Muhammad departed for the throne of God 150 00:12:11,664 --> 00:12:13,256 from the sacred rocK of Jerusalem 151 00:12:13,399 --> 00:12:15,264 where the temple had stood. 152 00:12:17,570 --> 00:12:20,471 Aware of the Holy BooKs of the Jews and Christians, 153 00:12:20,606 --> 00:12:23,905 Muhammad had converted the idolatrous tribes of Arabia 154 00:12:24,043 --> 00:12:26,204 to the concept of one God. 155 00:12:31,283 --> 00:12:33,183 Only six years after his death, 156 00:12:33,319 --> 00:12:36,220 an army of his followers stood at Jerusalem's gates, 157 00:12:36,355 --> 00:12:38,846 claiming the city as their own. 158 00:12:39,992 --> 00:12:43,928 Muslims were to rule Jerusalem for the next 1,300 years. 159 00:12:44,063 --> 00:12:45,655 Except for two interruptions 160 00:12:45,798 --> 00:12:48,926 when the Crusaders wrested the city from them. 161 00:12:58,811 --> 00:13:00,244 In the 20th century, 162 00:13:00,379 --> 00:13:04,247 the flame of war again flared in the Holy Land. 163 00:13:04,383 --> 00:13:07,443 World War I: The British march into Palestine 164 00:13:07,586 --> 00:13:09,645 to fight the Ottoman TurKs. 165 00:13:10,523 --> 00:13:13,424 As it has some 20 times in its recorded history, 166 00:13:13,559 --> 00:13:16,357 in 1917 Jerusalem falls. 167 00:13:16,695 --> 00:13:19,289 The Holy City is surrendered to the British. 168 00:13:20,332 --> 00:13:23,495 Mindful that Jesus had walKed into Jerusalem, 169 00:13:23,636 --> 00:13:29,131 General Sir Edmund Allenby humbly enters Jaffa Gate on foot. 170 00:13:34,313 --> 00:13:36,474 There are renewed stirrings of Zionism, 171 00:13:36,615 --> 00:13:40,608 the concept of a modern Jewish nation 172 00:13:41,620 --> 00:13:43,110 In 1947, 173 00:13:43,255 --> 00:13:45,780 the United Nations votes to end the British Mandate 174 00:13:45,925 --> 00:13:49,520 and partition Palestine into Jewish and Arab states. 175 00:13:49,762 --> 00:13:54,631 May 14, 1948: David Ben-Gurion citing"... 176 00:13:54,767 --> 00:13:57,531 the fulfillment of the dream of generations," 177 00:13:57,670 --> 00:14:01,663 maKes a proclamation Jews everywhere have long awaited: 178 00:14:02,241 --> 00:14:05,938 "The State of Israel has arisen." 179 00:14:08,013 --> 00:14:11,505 The next day, six neighboring Arab countries invade, 180 00:14:11,650 --> 00:14:15,381 determined to crush the infant nation before it is born. 181 00:14:17,022 --> 00:14:20,458 With Jerusalem under siege and the Jewish Quarter ready to fall, 182 00:14:20,593 --> 00:14:22,857 the Holy BooKs are removed. 183 00:14:23,295 --> 00:14:25,627 Jerusalem is a divided city. 184 00:14:26,432 --> 00:14:30,664 For 19 years the Old City will be ruled by Jordan. 185 00:14:31,971 --> 00:14:35,099 In 1967, as the Six Day War rages, 186 00:14:35,241 --> 00:14:38,768 Israeli paratroopers storm through St. Stephen's Gate. 187 00:14:38,911 --> 00:14:43,780 Defense Minister Moshe Dayan arrives at the Western Wall... 188 00:14:43,916 --> 00:14:48,683 in Jewish hands again for the first time in 2,000 years. 189 00:14:50,089 --> 00:14:51,681 According to ancient custom, 190 00:14:51,824 --> 00:14:56,193 General Dayan writes a prayer to place in the wall: 191 00:14:56,328 --> 00:14:59,593 "May peace come to the Jewish people." 192 00:15:05,838 --> 00:15:09,569 Today, a fragile peace reigns in the Walled City. 193 00:15:09,842 --> 00:15:11,742 The Supreme Muslim Council has remained 194 00:15:11,877 --> 00:15:14,505 in charge of the Dome of the RocK the Israelis 195 00:15:14,647 --> 00:15:16,672 reclaimed the Western Wall, 196 00:15:16,815 --> 00:15:19,545 cherished relic of their lost temple. 197 00:15:21,186 --> 00:15:23,984 Jews from more than one hundred cultural bacKgrounds 198 00:15:24,123 --> 00:15:26,751 have come to live in their ancient capital. 199 00:15:26,892 --> 00:15:30,328 Many are AshKenazi, from Europe and the Americas; 200 00:15:30,462 --> 00:15:33,124 the rest, Sephardic and Oriental Jews, 201 00:15:33,265 --> 00:15:34,823 are from Mediterranean regions, 202 00:15:34,967 --> 00:15:37,367 the Middle and Far East. 203 00:15:44,710 --> 00:15:48,339 When the Jewish community in Yemen heard of the establishment of Israel, 204 00:15:48,480 --> 00:15:52,109 Joseph ZadoK and his family decided to emigrate immediately. 205 00:15:52,251 --> 00:15:57,348 For them, the Biblical prophecy of the return to Zion was fulfilled. 206 00:15:57,489 --> 00:16:00,083 His grandson, Shalom, explains: 207 00:16:00,225 --> 00:16:02,159 "My family Knew from the Bible 208 00:16:02,294 --> 00:16:06,958 and from our tradition that Jerusalem was the Holy City. 209 00:16:07,099 --> 00:16:08,896 When my family came from Yemen, 210 00:16:09,034 --> 00:16:11,867 they wanted to live only in Jerusalem. 211 00:16:12,004 --> 00:16:14,495 We call it center of the world." 212 00:16:14,740 --> 00:16:18,540 Isolated in remote southern Arabia for some 2,000 years, 213 00:16:18,677 --> 00:16:20,975 persecuted by their Muslim rulers, 214 00:16:21,113 --> 00:16:24,605 the Jews of Yemen had long dreamed of redemption 215 00:16:24,750 --> 00:16:26,308 in the promised land. 216 00:16:32,224 --> 00:16:33,589 They clung to their beliefs, 217 00:16:33,726 --> 00:16:37,594 and Kept the ancient observances in their purest form. 218 00:16:38,030 --> 00:16:39,998 Now, celebrating Passover, 219 00:16:40,132 --> 00:16:42,692 the ZadoKs commemorate the Jew's deliverance 220 00:16:42,835 --> 00:16:44,268 from slavery in Egypt, 221 00:16:44,403 --> 00:16:49,136 just ad Jesus did at what has come to be Known as "The Last Supper." 222 00:16:53,212 --> 00:16:56,272 The Bible promised "They that wait upon the Lord... 223 00:16:56,415 --> 00:16:59,748 shall mount up with wings as eagles." 224 00:17:00,452 --> 00:17:03,546 In 1949 the ZadoKs joined the flood of Jews 225 00:17:03,689 --> 00:17:06,123 crossing hundred of miles of desert on foot, 226 00:17:06,258 --> 00:17:08,988 donKey bacK, and by trucK to Aden. 227 00:17:09,328 --> 00:17:11,193 Those who survived the torturous journey 228 00:17:11,330 --> 00:17:12,388 were flown to the Holy Land 229 00:17:12,531 --> 00:17:16,467 by an airlift dubbed "Operation Magic Carpet." 230 00:17:42,561 --> 00:17:45,257 Restricted to certain occupations in Yemen, 231 00:17:45,397 --> 00:17:49,356 many Jews were shoemaKers weavers, jewelers. 232 00:17:49,501 --> 00:17:53,835 Joseph ZadoK was a court jeweler for the ing of Yemen. 233 00:17:54,473 --> 00:17:57,306 "Our family has been maKing jewelry 234 00:17:57,443 --> 00:18:00,412 for more than seven generations. 235 00:18:00,546 --> 00:18:04,243 It is our heritage, our tradition. 236 00:18:04,383 --> 00:18:05,850 When we came from Yemen, 237 00:18:05,984 --> 00:18:08,384 we tried to Keep our traditions." 238 00:18:16,095 --> 00:18:18,461 "Most of the Yemenite brides in Jerusalem 239 00:18:18,597 --> 00:18:21,088 use our wedding dress and jewelry." 240 00:18:23,135 --> 00:18:25,433 The bride, of European ancestry, 241 00:18:25,571 --> 00:18:28,540 carries on her groom's family tradition. 242 00:18:28,674 --> 00:18:30,335 She wears the elaborate jewelry 243 00:18:30,476 --> 00:18:32,967 and costume the ZaKods lend to bridal parties 244 00:18:33,112 --> 00:18:35,342 for a ceremony called the "hineh" 245 00:18:35,481 --> 00:18:38,314 that accompanied every Jewish wedding in Yemen. 246 00:18:55,234 --> 00:18:57,634 The henna from which the festivity derives its name 247 00:18:57,769 --> 00:19:01,136 has long been used as a talisman of good lucK. 248 00:19:05,477 --> 00:19:07,502 If the henna applied to the hands of the bride 249 00:19:07,646 --> 00:19:10,206 and groom remains in the morning, 250 00:19:10,349 --> 00:19:12,544 their wedding will taKe place. 251 00:19:25,597 --> 00:19:28,157 Mr. ZadoK, a relative of the groom, 252 00:19:28,300 --> 00:19:30,928 is here to bestow a blessing. 253 00:19:38,043 --> 00:19:40,034 Beginning a life together, 254 00:19:40,179 --> 00:19:42,511 this young couple shares the rich heritage 255 00:19:42,648 --> 00:19:44,377 of their combined European, 256 00:19:44,516 --> 00:19:47,314 Oriental, and Israeli cultures. 257 00:19:54,226 --> 00:19:56,888 During the Jordanian occupation of the Old City, 258 00:19:57,029 --> 00:19:59,930 the Jewish Quarter had been nearly destroyed. 259 00:20:00,065 --> 00:20:03,523 When reconstruction began after the War of '67, 260 00:20:03,669 --> 00:20:05,500 Theo and Miriam Siebenberg 261 00:20:05,637 --> 00:20:08,231 were the third family to build here. 262 00:20:10,142 --> 00:20:13,703 "It was my dream to come to Jerusalem. 263 00:20:13,845 --> 00:20:17,440 Jewis have been praying for Jerusalem throughout the centuries, 264 00:20:17,583 --> 00:20:18,675 for thousands of years, 265 00:20:18,817 --> 00:20:23,447 going bacK even to the time of the exile in Babylon." 266 00:20:24,656 --> 00:20:30,424 "The Jewish Quarter is full of our history from 3,000 years ago. 267 00:20:30,562 --> 00:20:34,623 When we came, the Jewish Quarter was completely destroyed, 268 00:20:34,766 --> 00:20:37,735 and now everything is built and clean. 269 00:20:37,869 --> 00:20:40,429 The changes were immense." 270 00:20:47,312 --> 00:20:51,271 "I was born in Antwerp, Belgium. 271 00:20:51,717 --> 00:20:56,654 My family left Antwerp on May 11, 1940 that's one day 272 00:20:56,788 --> 00:20:59,848 after the Germans marched into Belgium." 273 00:21:01,126 --> 00:21:03,720 As the Nazi horror swept across Europe, 274 00:21:03,862 --> 00:21:07,093 the Siebenberg family fled... first by car, 275 00:21:07,232 --> 00:21:10,326 finally even crossing mountains on foot 276 00:21:10,602 --> 00:21:12,297 Always fearful and in hiding, 277 00:21:12,437 --> 00:21:15,235 for months the refugees traveled against the tide of invaders 278 00:21:15,374 --> 00:21:17,706 until they made their way to safety. 279 00:21:17,843 --> 00:21:21,745 After the war, as the Jewish people struggled to create a homeland, 280 00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:23,711 Theo joined the underground. 281 00:21:23,849 --> 00:21:26,511 Eventually, he made his way here. 282 00:21:28,954 --> 00:21:31,115 LiKe all Jews born in Israel, 283 00:21:31,256 --> 00:21:33,918 Miriam is Known as a "sabra." 284 00:21:37,396 --> 00:21:40,593 "My parents came from Warsaw, Poland. 285 00:21:40,732 --> 00:21:44,725 I was born in Tel Aviv and I went to regular school 286 00:21:44,870 --> 00:21:45,928 and then the high school. 287 00:21:46,071 --> 00:21:48,039 And after high school I went to the army, 288 00:21:48,173 --> 00:21:50,607 liKe all the sabras in Israel did. 289 00:21:50,742 --> 00:21:52,175 I thought I'd never leave the army, 290 00:21:52,311 --> 00:21:53,938 I liKed it so much." 291 00:21:55,414 --> 00:21:59,077 Miriam and Theo met at a party 20 years ago. 292 00:21:59,451 --> 00:22:03,182 Today they often entertain visiting dignitaries, 293 00:22:03,322 --> 00:22:07,782 drawn by the remarKable discoveries the Siebenbergs have unearthed. 294 00:22:10,262 --> 00:22:13,789 When Theo and Miriam completed their house in 1970, 295 00:22:13,932 --> 00:22:17,959 archeologists were digging all around them in the Jewish Quarter. 296 00:22:18,537 --> 00:22:20,903 Fired by the dramatic finds being made, 297 00:22:21,039 --> 00:22:24,941 Siebenberg determined to build a museum beneath his home. 298 00:22:25,377 --> 00:22:29,143 As worKmen removed 3,000 years of accumulated debris, 299 00:22:29,281 --> 00:22:31,772 tangible linKs with those who had lived on this site 300 00:22:31,917 --> 00:22:34,283 through the millennia began to emerge. 301 00:22:34,419 --> 00:22:39,447 "These stones here are each made out of one large blocK of stone. 302 00:22:39,591 --> 00:22:42,424 They are sections actually of the aqueduct 303 00:22:42,561 --> 00:22:44,028 the passed here 2,000 years ago 304 00:22:44,162 --> 00:22:47,290 and which brought water into the city of Jerusalem." 305 00:22:50,836 --> 00:22:54,397 "Now this is a mikvah or Jewish ritual bath, 306 00:22:54,539 --> 00:22:56,598 which is 2,000 years old 307 00:22:56,742 --> 00:23:00,473 and belonged to the mansion which stood above here. 308 00:23:00,612 --> 00:23:03,706 And of course that was a three-floor-high house." 309 00:23:03,849 --> 00:23:04,781 The home probably burned 310 00:23:04,916 --> 00:23:09,012 when the Romans sacKed Jerusalem in 70 A. D. 311 00:23:09,154 --> 00:23:10,781 "Now if you looK down here, 312 00:23:10,922 --> 00:23:12,321 these rooms that you see down below..." 313 00:23:12,457 --> 00:23:16,917 "...they were hewn out of solid rocK about 3,000 years ago. 314 00:23:17,062 --> 00:23:18,893 That's roughly ing Solomon's time. 315 00:23:19,030 --> 00:23:24,024 The openings that you see here were called a nefesh, or the soul." 316 00:23:24,169 --> 00:23:27,036 "The soul would actually rise out of these openings, 317 00:23:27,172 --> 00:23:31,768 and there was on top of this a pyramid-shaped stone structure, 318 00:23:31,910 --> 00:23:35,004 which was the permanent abode of the soul." 319 00:23:35,981 --> 00:23:37,676 For Theo Siebenberg, 320 00:23:37,816 --> 00:23:43,345 each discovery provided palpable contact with the past and his people. 321 00:23:49,694 --> 00:23:53,630 "Actually we're four floors under the house now. 322 00:23:53,765 --> 00:23:57,633 I find this probably the most exciting part of the excavation. 323 00:23:57,769 --> 00:24:02,365 Actually we're standing in a room which goes bacK thousands of years, 324 00:24:02,507 --> 00:24:05,704 and you can almost feel the presence of the people 325 00:24:05,844 --> 00:24:07,778 who lived here at that time you Know, 326 00:24:07,913 --> 00:24:10,882 ing Solomon's time ing David's time." 327 00:24:11,950 --> 00:24:13,508 "This is a machine gun 328 00:24:13,652 --> 00:24:18,055 which was used in the war of Independence in 1948." 329 00:24:18,190 --> 00:24:22,286 "The same weeK I found this I was excavating three floors lower 330 00:24:22,427 --> 00:24:23,860 at the other end of the site, 331 00:24:23,995 --> 00:24:26,987 and I found..." this arrowhead in the war 332 00:24:27,132 --> 00:24:30,465 against the Romans in the year 70 of the Common Era." 333 00:24:30,802 --> 00:24:33,430 "So you have this whole span of..." 334 00:24:33,572 --> 00:24:35,437 "Of wars." "Right." 335 00:24:35,807 --> 00:24:37,468 Absorbed by his passion, 336 00:24:37,609 --> 00:24:39,236 Theo has spent fifteen years 337 00:24:39,377 --> 00:24:42,904 and three million dollars creating Siebenberg House, 338 00:24:43,048 --> 00:24:46,211 the museum he and Miriam will leave to the public. 339 00:24:46,351 --> 00:24:49,684 "This was used 2,000 years ago for crucifixion. 340 00:24:50,188 --> 00:24:53,555 When you thinK of it... Now taKe this inkwell. 341 00:24:53,692 --> 00:24:56,957 You wonder what letters might have been written 342 00:24:57,095 --> 00:24:59,427 by the owner of the house..." 343 00:24:59,564 --> 00:25:02,055 These artifacts will enable future generations 344 00:25:02,200 --> 00:25:05,931 to experience their connections to ancient Jerusalem. 345 00:25:06,071 --> 00:25:08,335 "This here actually is carbonized wood 346 00:25:08,473 --> 00:25:12,000 from the fire of this house 2,000 years ago 347 00:25:12,143 --> 00:25:13,667 when the house was destroyed." 348 00:25:13,812 --> 00:25:15,040 "Don't touch it too often. 349 00:25:15,180 --> 00:25:17,580 I see your fingers peeling if off" 350 00:25:17,716 --> 00:25:19,274 "Traces of history" 351 00:25:22,220 --> 00:25:25,587 Fifty years after the armies of Islam burst liKe a thunderclap 352 00:25:25,724 --> 00:25:27,988 across the desert to claim Jerusalem, 353 00:25:28,126 --> 00:25:30,924 a Muslim caliph built a shrine over the holy rocK from 354 00:25:31,062 --> 00:25:34,793 which Muhammad had ascended to the Celestial Spheres. 355 00:25:34,933 --> 00:25:37,697 This magnificent legacy has drawn the faithful 356 00:25:37,836 --> 00:25:39,963 for more than a thousand years. 357 00:25:44,910 --> 00:25:46,810 Now, during Ramadan, 358 00:25:46,945 --> 00:25:49,812 the Muslim holy month of fasting and atonement, 359 00:25:49,948 --> 00:25:52,542 thousands of pilgrims journey to the Old City 360 00:25:52,684 --> 00:25:56,984 for one of the Islamic world's most important religious observances. 361 00:26:13,805 --> 00:26:15,102 When prayers are over, 362 00:26:15,240 --> 00:26:17,538 the throng disperses through the narrow 363 00:26:17,676 --> 00:26:20,645 alleyways of the Muslim Quarter. 364 00:26:28,386 --> 00:26:31,355 The family of halil halidi has lived in the Holy Land 365 00:26:31,489 --> 00:26:33,957 since the day 1,300 years ago 366 00:26:34,092 --> 00:26:36,185 when his ancestor rode into Jerusalem 367 00:26:36,328 --> 00:26:39,126 at the head of a column of Islamic warriors. 368 00:26:39,631 --> 00:26:42,099 Halil has a shop in the Muslim Quarter 369 00:26:42,233 --> 00:26:45,100 where he repairs furniture and antiques. 370 00:26:45,403 --> 00:26:48,531 He specializes in mother-of-pearl inlay. 371 00:26:49,374 --> 00:26:52,605 His neighbor, a blind oud player stops 372 00:26:52,744 --> 00:26:54,473 by to picK up the instrument 373 00:26:54,613 --> 00:26:56,478 that halil has repaired for him. 374 00:27:30,649 --> 00:27:31,479 Through the centuries, 375 00:27:31,616 --> 00:27:34,050 his family has provided a succession of scholars 376 00:27:34,185 --> 00:27:36,483 to Jerusalem's Muslim community. 377 00:27:36,621 --> 00:27:37,952 Among their proudest achievements 378 00:27:38,089 --> 00:27:41,820 and possessions is the halidi Library. 379 00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:45,760 Founded in 1900, it consists of their combined private collections: 380 00:27:45,897 --> 00:27:48,661 6,000 booK and manuscripts in Arabic, 381 00:27:48,800 --> 00:27:51,997 Persian, English, French, and TurKish. 382 00:28:01,246 --> 00:28:05,410 Halil's uncle and cousin refer to one of the many volumes written 383 00:28:05,550 --> 00:28:07,017 by their ancestors. 384 00:28:07,619 --> 00:28:09,678 "My family came to Jerusalem 385 00:28:09,821 --> 00:28:16,693 with the Islamic liberation in the year 636 B.C., 15 Hegira. 386 00:28:16,828 --> 00:28:20,559 My family lived in Jerusalem all its time, 387 00:28:20,699 --> 00:28:24,726 but they were forced to Nablus for 88 years 388 00:28:24,869 --> 00:28:27,463 when the Crusaders occupied the city. 389 00:28:27,739 --> 00:28:31,038 "They came bacK to Jerusalem with the famous Islamic leader, 390 00:28:31,176 --> 00:28:33,337 Saladin al Ayubib. 391 00:28:33,478 --> 00:28:37,915 They were the political and the religious rulers of Jerusalem." 392 00:28:38,349 --> 00:28:42,877 With his cousin he examines their remarKable family tree. 393 00:28:52,464 --> 00:28:55,365 Each weeK halil goes to the historic Muslim 394 00:28:55,500 --> 00:28:57,934 cemetery outside the city walls. 395 00:29:10,215 --> 00:29:12,376 "At the cemetery I go to pray 396 00:29:12,517 --> 00:29:15,418 for my ancestor Muhammad Ali halidi. 397 00:29:15,553 --> 00:29:20,547 He was the governor of Jerusalem in the year 1808. 398 00:29:21,059 --> 00:29:23,687 When I go to visit his tomb, 399 00:29:23,828 --> 00:29:27,958 I feel that I am standing in front of a great man 400 00:29:28,099 --> 00:29:30,863 with deep roots in this country." 401 00:29:55,326 --> 00:29:58,887 During the month of Ramadan the Muslim Quarter pulse 402 00:29:59,030 --> 00:30:01,521 with activity after sundown. 403 00:30:03,134 --> 00:30:05,329 Here, where ties are old deep, 404 00:30:05,470 --> 00:30:10,737 friend and family gather to commemorate their ancestors at a mawlid. 405 00:30:28,293 --> 00:30:30,818 Songs celebrating the birth of the Prophet Muhammad 406 00:30:30,962 --> 00:30:32,930 are followed by a sumptuous meal, 407 00:30:33,064 --> 00:30:36,431 ending the fast they have observed since sunrise. 408 00:31:22,180 --> 00:31:23,442 Within the walls of the Old City 409 00:31:23,581 --> 00:31:26,345 the ancient traditions resonate across the ages, 410 00:31:26,484 --> 00:31:30,215 binding the people of the present with their treasured past. 411 00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:45,997 Ironically, it was a Roman emperor Constantine the Great, 412 00:31:46,137 --> 00:31:48,901 who adopted Christianity as the faith of his realm 413 00:31:49,040 --> 00:31:51,804 and assured the future of the religion. 414 00:31:52,210 --> 00:31:54,007 His mother, the Empress Helena, 415 00:31:54,145 --> 00:31:57,774 journeyed here three centuries after Christ's death. 416 00:31:58,516 --> 00:32:02,077 Over the sites where she believed Jesus had been crucified and buried, 417 00:32:02,220 --> 00:32:06,520 Constantine erected the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. 418 00:32:07,659 --> 00:32:11,322 Today the church is shared by six Christian sects: 419 00:32:11,462 --> 00:32:14,989 GreeK, Armenian, Ethiopian and Syrian Orthodox, 420 00:32:15,133 --> 00:32:17,601 Roman Catholic, and Coptic. 421 00:32:18,036 --> 00:32:22,302 The Copts have a tiny chapel at the bacK of Christ's tomb; 422 00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:25,500 the front chapel belongs to the GreeK Orthodox. 423 00:32:32,951 --> 00:32:34,646 Among their holdings is the stone 424 00:32:34,786 --> 00:32:36,310 where Jesus is thought to have lain 425 00:32:36,454 --> 00:32:38,479 when He was taKen from the cross. 426 00:32:42,660 --> 00:32:44,457 Over the RocK of Calvary where Jesus 427 00:32:44,595 --> 00:32:48,861 was crucified the GreeK Orthodox maintain a chapel. 428 00:33:00,111 --> 00:33:03,308 Deep in the church near the base of the RocK of Cavalry 429 00:33:03,448 --> 00:33:07,714 is an Armenian Orthodox chapel dedicated to St. Helena. 430 00:33:08,353 --> 00:33:12,722 Medieval pilgrims etched tiny crosses in the walls leading to the place 431 00:33:12,857 --> 00:33:16,088 where Helena found what she thought was the true Cross. 432 00:33:18,830 --> 00:33:22,357 Painted on the bedrocK is a ship with the Latin inscription 433 00:33:22,500 --> 00:33:25,128 "O Lord, we arrived." 434 00:33:25,570 --> 00:33:27,470 It indicates that long before this church 435 00:33:27,605 --> 00:33:30,039 was built pilgrims journeyed here, 436 00:33:30,174 --> 00:33:32,972 believing this to be the site of the Crucifixion. 437 00:33:40,685 --> 00:33:44,348 A mud hut village atop the roof of the church is the only area 438 00:33:44,489 --> 00:33:46,286 which the Ethiopian Orthodox, 439 00:33:46,424 --> 00:33:50,622 one of the oldest Christian communities in the Holy Land, can claim. 440 00:33:52,330 --> 00:33:56,391 Control of even this modest outpost is disputed in legal wrangles 441 00:33:56,534 --> 00:33:58,832 that began in Ottoman times. 442 00:34:05,710 --> 00:34:08,941 Tense rivalries between sects have long raged 443 00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:12,709 over rights to this most sacred of Christian shrines. 444 00:34:44,449 --> 00:34:46,440 Cloistered behind protective walls, 445 00:34:46,584 --> 00:34:48,814 the GreeK Orthodox Patriarchate grew up 446 00:34:48,953 --> 00:34:51,421 next to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. 447 00:34:51,756 --> 00:34:53,087 Its monasteries, chapels, 448 00:34:53,224 --> 00:34:54,384 and administrative offices 449 00:34:54,525 --> 00:34:58,256 form a body comparable to a miniature Vatican. 450 00:35:00,364 --> 00:35:03,595 As a boy, Father Timothy felt irresistibly drawn 451 00:35:03,734 --> 00:35:06,259 to join the monKs who serve here. 452 00:35:10,408 --> 00:35:15,505 "I decided to join the brotherhood because I liKe the aims 453 00:35:15,646 --> 00:35:20,140 that the brothers have in front of them, 454 00:35:20,284 --> 00:35:22,445 to safeguard the Holy Places, 455 00:35:22,587 --> 00:35:26,956 to venerate them, to have them ready 456 00:35:27,091 --> 00:35:31,289 for every Christian to come also and venerate." 457 00:35:34,699 --> 00:35:36,257 Chief Secretary of the Patriarchate 458 00:35:36,400 --> 00:35:38,630 and private secretary to the Patriarch, 459 00:35:38,769 --> 00:35:41,966 Father Timothy recalls the path that led him here. 460 00:35:42,373 --> 00:35:43,931 "When I was 14 years old, 461 00:35:44,075 --> 00:35:47,476 a priest came once to preach about Jerusalem. 462 00:35:47,612 --> 00:35:51,673 For me that was the turning point of my life. I said, 463 00:35:51,816 --> 00:35:54,808 'Jerusalem is the place I am going to be a priest.' 464 00:35:54,952 --> 00:35:58,012 My parents wouldn't even listen to that. 465 00:35:58,156 --> 00:35:59,623 At last I said, 466 00:35:59,757 --> 00:36:01,850 'lf you are not going to help me, 467 00:36:01,993 --> 00:36:04,757 I will never call you mother and father again.' 468 00:36:04,896 --> 00:36:07,160 Finally they decided to sign my passport. 469 00:36:07,298 --> 00:36:08,822 Then I came here. 470 00:36:08,966 --> 00:36:13,426 I said to myself that I should stay in Jerusalem for life. 471 00:36:13,571 --> 00:36:17,302 I feel deeply every moment in Jerusalem 472 00:36:17,441 --> 00:36:22,401 that my life is connected with the life of Jesus." 473 00:36:33,424 --> 00:36:36,416 Timothy attended the seminary as a young man; 474 00:36:36,561 --> 00:36:38,552 liKe this generation of seminarians, 475 00:36:38,696 --> 00:36:40,425 he left his native land to dedicate 476 00:36:40,565 --> 00:36:43,500 his life to the holy shrines of Jerusalem. 477 00:36:50,708 --> 00:36:54,610 Each of his days begins and ends in prayer 478 00:36:54,745 --> 00:36:57,543 his rededication to the compelling forces 479 00:36:57,682 --> 00:37:01,118 that induced him to come to the Holy City. 480 00:37:02,019 --> 00:37:07,047 "Jerusalem is the city which fills my heart 481 00:37:07,191 --> 00:37:10,922 and should fill the hearts of all Christians with love and peace. 482 00:37:11,062 --> 00:37:14,759 It would be easy to be a priest in my country, 483 00:37:14,899 --> 00:37:18,892 but here in Jerusalem I feel closer to God." 484 00:37:32,516 --> 00:37:35,280 Sequestered behind a huge gate that is unlocKed each morning 485 00:37:35,419 --> 00:37:37,148 and locKed again each night, 486 00:37:37,288 --> 00:37:41,588 the Armenian Quarter has existed for nearly a thousand years. 487 00:37:42,660 --> 00:37:47,688 Life within still centers around the 12th-century Cathedral of Saint James. 488 00:37:49,967 --> 00:37:51,059 A reminder of the days 489 00:37:51,202 --> 00:37:54,797 when the Muslim rulers forbade the ringing of church bells, 490 00:37:54,939 --> 00:37:58,375 the striKing of this planK announces services. 491 00:38:05,816 --> 00:38:09,582 Today the community gathers to commemorate a holocaust. 492 00:38:09,720 --> 00:38:10,948 For the Armenians are a people 493 00:38:11,088 --> 00:38:13,750 whose ancient homeland has been ravaged, 494 00:38:13,891 --> 00:38:16,985 many of its citizens Killed or scattered. 495 00:38:17,328 --> 00:38:21,059 To Elia ahavdjian, the service has special meaning, 496 00:38:21,198 --> 00:38:23,860 for he is a survivor of the holocaust. 497 00:38:24,001 --> 00:38:26,834 For him, Jerusalem became a haven. 498 00:38:27,638 --> 00:38:28,627 Sixty years ago, 499 00:38:28,773 --> 00:38:31,367 he arrived as an orphaned boy; 500 00:38:31,509 --> 00:38:34,876 now he is surrounded by his loving family. 501 00:38:48,159 --> 00:38:52,425 Survivors lead the solemn procession to the Armenian cemetery. 502 00:38:52,563 --> 00:38:53,689 They are living reminders of 503 00:38:53,831 --> 00:38:57,198 one million five hundred thousand who perished. 504 00:39:04,208 --> 00:39:08,702 In 1915, part of what had once been the Armenian Christian Kingdom 505 00:39:08,846 --> 00:39:10,780 was under Ottoman rule. 506 00:39:10,915 --> 00:39:12,974 Labeling the Armenians "infidels" 507 00:39:13,117 --> 00:39:15,745 and "a dangerous foreign element", 508 00:39:15,886 --> 00:39:19,185 the government began to Kill their intellectuals. 509 00:39:19,323 --> 00:39:20,881 Life had little value, 510 00:39:21,025 --> 00:39:23,425 as this magazine caption illustrates: 511 00:39:23,561 --> 00:39:27,019 "Five Dollars Buys a Pretty Armenian Slave Girl." 512 00:39:28,265 --> 00:39:29,596 Dscribing their policy as the 513 00:39:29,734 --> 00:39:32,897 "displacement of the Armenian population", 514 00:39:33,037 --> 00:39:37,371 the Ottoman TurKs drove them on forced marches into the Syrian Desert. 515 00:39:37,508 --> 00:39:40,568 The road was the path of death by disease, 516 00:39:40,711 --> 00:39:43,271 massacre and starvation. 517 00:39:48,853 --> 00:39:51,185 Elia ahvedjian remembers: 518 00:39:52,790 --> 00:39:57,591 "They tooK us through the Syrian Desert to Mardin. 519 00:39:57,728 --> 00:40:00,322 We walKed I don't Know how many weeKs, 520 00:40:00,464 --> 00:40:02,762 how many months walKed. 521 00:40:02,900 --> 00:40:06,563 Near Mardin they bring us to a place 522 00:40:06,704 --> 00:40:09,764 where all around it was many hills. 523 00:40:09,907 --> 00:40:14,935 My mother, she says, 'My darling they are going to Kill us. 524 00:40:15,079 --> 00:40:18,674 I want to give my son to that urd which is coming. 525 00:40:18,816 --> 00:40:21,546 Maybe he will remain alive." 526 00:40:23,187 --> 00:40:25,883 The urdish family fed him cleaned him up, 527 00:40:26,023 --> 00:40:29,857 and sold him at an auction to a Syrian Christian family. 528 00:40:30,494 --> 00:40:32,155 The husband was an ironsmith, 529 00:40:32,296 --> 00:40:35,732 and six-year-old Elia worKed the bellows for him. 530 00:40:36,133 --> 00:40:40,160 When the man remarried, young Elia was put on the streets. 531 00:40:40,304 --> 00:40:42,966 He drifted, begging, for a year, 532 00:40:43,107 --> 00:40:45,667 until the American Near East Relief organization 533 00:40:45,810 --> 00:40:47,641 placed him in an orphanage and, 534 00:40:47,778 --> 00:40:50,679 eventually, brought him to Jerusalem. 535 00:40:52,483 --> 00:40:53,575 A son and daughter 536 00:40:53,717 --> 00:40:57,414 and their families gather today to remember the victims... 537 00:40:57,555 --> 00:41:00,581 and rejoice in Elia's survival. 538 00:41:06,130 --> 00:41:08,655 Ahavedjian learned photography in the orphanage; 539 00:41:08,799 --> 00:41:10,858 he owns a photo supply store, 540 00:41:11,001 --> 00:41:14,767 custom laboratory, and portrait studio. 541 00:41:40,397 --> 00:41:43,264 Although the family now resides outside the Old City, 542 00:41:43,400 --> 00:41:46,801 its life still revolves around the Armenian Quarter. 543 00:41:46,937 --> 00:41:48,495 Here, as their parents did, 544 00:41:48,639 --> 00:41:52,769 ahvedjian's grandchildren learn Armenian culture, language, 545 00:41:52,910 --> 00:41:54,969 history, and geography. 546 00:41:55,412 --> 00:41:59,576 To prepare for life in Jerusalem the children are also taught Arabic, 547 00:41:59,717 --> 00:42:01,582 Hebrew, and English. 548 00:42:01,719 --> 00:42:05,678 "...I am opening toe door I am shutting the door. 549 00:42:05,823 --> 00:42:09,350 I am opening the window I am shutting the window. 550 00:42:09,493 --> 00:42:13,623 I am KnocKing on the door I am pointing to the wall." 551 00:42:23,874 --> 00:42:25,364 His family thriving, 552 00:42:25,509 --> 00:42:28,239 Elia ahvedjian remembers the orphans club he 553 00:42:28,379 --> 00:42:33,146 and nine boys formed when, at age 14 he began to worK. 554 00:42:33,284 --> 00:42:35,047 The quarters where the orphans lived 555 00:42:35,185 --> 00:42:37,881 have become the Armenian Cultural club. 556 00:42:58,976 --> 00:43:01,809 For Elia, Jerusalem has provided a refuge of warmth, 557 00:43:01,946 --> 00:43:05,279 friendship and opportunity In his words, 558 00:43:05,416 --> 00:43:08,385 "This is the happiest time of my life." 559 00:43:17,595 --> 00:43:19,222 The memory of Jesus and the miracle of 560 00:43:19,363 --> 00:43:22,594 His Resurrection live in Jerusalem every day. 561 00:43:22,733 --> 00:43:24,360 Just as He joined the multitudes 562 00:43:24,501 --> 00:43:27,493 that journeyed to Jerusalem each year at Passover, 563 00:43:27,638 --> 00:43:30,106 throngs of pilgrims from around the globe come here 564 00:43:30,240 --> 00:43:33,835 at Holy WeeK to walK in His footsteps. 565 00:44:36,974 --> 00:44:39,534 Following the path Jesus tooK from the Mount of Olives 566 00:44:39,677 --> 00:44:43,306 and the Garden of Gethsemane they enter the Old City. 567 00:44:44,548 --> 00:44:46,880 Carrying crosses along the "Way of Sorrows" 568 00:44:47,017 --> 00:44:49,713 where tradition says He struggled in His agony, 569 00:44:49,853 --> 00:44:54,722 they connect with the ancient passion and eternal mystery of Christ. 570 00:44:58,729 --> 00:45:01,493 In the hours before dawn on Easter Saturday, 571 00:45:01,632 --> 00:45:02,564 the flames of the lamps 572 00:45:02,700 --> 00:45:06,067 that light the Church of the Holy Sepulchre are extinguished. 573 00:45:06,303 --> 00:45:07,292 When the door is opened, 574 00:45:07,438 --> 00:45:11,670 thousand of pilgrims press in to experience an Oriental ritual 575 00:45:11,809 --> 00:45:14,539 that has been repeated each year for centuries: 576 00:45:14,678 --> 00:45:17,044 The Miracle of the Holy Fire. 577 00:45:53,450 --> 00:45:55,441 The GreeK Orthodox Patriarch arrives, 578 00:45:55,586 --> 00:45:59,181 escorted by Father Timothy and columns of monKs. 579 00:45:59,323 --> 00:46:01,791 The tomb of Christ has been sealed. 580 00:46:01,925 --> 00:46:03,187 When the seal is removed, 581 00:46:03,327 --> 00:46:07,093 the Patriarch will enter to determine if the Holy Fire, 582 00:46:07,231 --> 00:46:11,190 said to be sent down by God will burst forth this year. 583 00:46:32,623 --> 00:46:34,784 Symbol of Christ's Resurrection, 584 00:46:34,925 --> 00:46:38,417 the Holy Flame is passed to the exultant crowd. 585 00:47:20,370 --> 00:47:24,534 It is said that here Jesus once stood flanKed by two thieves. 586 00:47:24,675 --> 00:47:27,838 Here He was crucified and rose again. 587 00:47:28,545 --> 00:47:31,639 In the precincts of the church that commemorates those events, 588 00:47:31,782 --> 00:47:36,583 the hearts of the believers are illuminated by the flames of faith. 589 00:47:47,030 --> 00:47:50,090 High on the wall of the Muslim Quarter in the Old City is a house 590 00:47:50,234 --> 00:47:53,397 where American pilgrims seeKing a spiritual haven, 591 00:47:53,537 --> 00:47:55,630 settled one hundred years ago. 592 00:47:56,173 --> 00:47:59,802 Their granddaughter, Anna Grace Lind still follows, 593 00:47:59,877 --> 00:48:02,277 the path their quest began. 594 00:48:06,717 --> 00:48:08,082 Her grandmother, Anna Spafford, 595 00:48:08,218 --> 00:48:11,745 survived a shipwrecK that tooK the lives of her four daughters. 596 00:48:11,889 --> 00:48:15,416 Later, when a son also died her husband wrote: 597 00:48:15,559 --> 00:48:18,187 "Jerusalem is where my Lord lived, 598 00:48:18,328 --> 00:48:21,263 suffered and conquered, and I, too, 599 00:48:21,398 --> 00:48:24,856 wish to learn... especially to conquer." 600 00:48:27,404 --> 00:48:28,701 LiKe her mother and grandmother, 601 00:48:28,839 --> 00:48:33,401 Mrs. Lind has dedicated her life to serving the needy of Jerusalem. 602 00:48:35,045 --> 00:48:39,243 Since 1967, she has administered the Spafford Children's Center, 603 00:48:39,383 --> 00:48:42,045 which provides prenatal and baby clinics for mothers 604 00:48:42,185 --> 00:48:45,313 and children who might otherwise go without these services. 605 00:48:52,729 --> 00:48:55,562 Mrs. Mary Franji the supervising nurse, 606 00:48:55,699 --> 00:48:57,997 has worKed here for nearly forty years. 607 00:48:58,135 --> 00:49:01,935 The grandmothers of some of these babies were children when she began. 608 00:49:05,542 --> 00:49:10,479 "Dr. Amireh has quite a number of patients liKe the..." 609 00:49:11,882 --> 00:49:13,975 "The main goal of the Spafford Children's Center 610 00:49:14,117 --> 00:49:19,316 is to help improve the health of the children in the Old City. 611 00:49:19,456 --> 00:49:21,424 They are mostly Moslems. 612 00:49:21,558 --> 00:49:25,085 We have several Israeli specialists who come to our clinic. 613 00:49:25,228 --> 00:49:28,959 And we feel that this is a very important phase of our worK 614 00:49:29,099 --> 00:49:33,331 because they are helping in the reconciliation 615 00:49:33,470 --> 00:49:36,234 between the Jews and the Arabs. 616 00:49:36,373 --> 00:49:40,503 It may be just a tiny seed but it is a seed that, 617 00:49:40,644 --> 00:49:42,976 we hope, brings forth fruit." 618 00:49:43,647 --> 00:49:46,081 "OKay, fine baby." 619 00:49:49,119 --> 00:49:51,212 "I live right on the city wall. 620 00:49:51,355 --> 00:49:57,487 I feel it's important that quotation from Isaiah where it says, 621 00:49:57,627 --> 00:50:00,323 'I have set watchmen on my walls O Jerusalem 622 00:50:00,464 --> 00:50:05,731 to pray day and night until I maKe Jerusalem a praise in the earth."' 623 00:50:07,604 --> 00:50:11,563 "...MaKe Jerusalem a praise in the earth. 624 00:50:11,708 --> 00:50:15,940 "These timeless words from the Bible speaK of an ideal Jerusalem 625 00:50:16,079 --> 00:50:18,411 a city of glory and peace. 626 00:50:24,721 --> 00:50:29,454 In 1985 the City of David Archeological Garden is opened. 627 00:50:29,593 --> 00:50:32,153 Amid tangible proof of its Biblical past, 628 00:50:32,295 --> 00:50:36,629 Mayor Teddy olleK has come to speaK of Jerusalem in our time. 629 00:50:38,268 --> 00:50:40,896 Aragmatic and sensitive to human needs, 630 00:50:41,038 --> 00:50:43,734 this remarKable man has retained his office 631 00:50:43,874 --> 00:50:47,241 through the combined votes of both Arabs and Jews. 632 00:50:47,377 --> 00:50:51,279 "...when we are living in a time when people want evidence, 633 00:50:51,415 --> 00:50:55,442 they want to see, they want to touch what they believe in, 634 00:50:55,585 --> 00:50:59,316 and not only believe in the abstract." 635 00:51:01,558 --> 00:51:05,790 "Jerusalem is a place where meaning survive, 636 00:51:05,929 --> 00:51:08,124 when names survive. 637 00:51:08,265 --> 00:51:11,928 In Jerusalem everybody has a religion. 638 00:51:12,069 --> 00:51:16,233 That doesn't mean that everybody goes to synagogue, 639 00:51:16,373 --> 00:51:18,807 or church, or the mosques. 640 00:51:18,942 --> 00:51:21,206 But people believe in things. 641 00:51:23,280 --> 00:51:27,216 The people who come to Jerusalem 642 00:51:27,350 --> 00:51:30,979 because it has a special meaning for them. 643 00:51:31,121 --> 00:51:33,419 It's not liKe coming to another city. 644 00:51:34,291 --> 00:51:37,692 We try to give people a feeling they live in a city 645 00:51:37,828 --> 00:51:39,591 which belongs to everybody, 646 00:51:39,729 --> 00:51:42,220 where everybody has his particular past, 647 00:51:42,365 --> 00:51:44,560 and his particular history. 648 00:51:45,802 --> 00:51:48,669 Everybody who lives in Jerusalem tries to linK up 649 00:51:48,805 --> 00:51:52,536 with the past Jews, Christians Moslems." 650 00:51:54,845 --> 00:51:55,937 "The most important thing 651 00:51:56,079 --> 00:52:00,413 about Jerusalem is its people in their variety. 652 00:52:00,550 --> 00:52:03,212 It should remain in that variety, 653 00:52:03,353 --> 00:52:05,321 one should protect that variety. 654 00:52:05,455 --> 00:52:06,979 The people who live here, 655 00:52:07,124 --> 00:52:10,184 they are the factor that is most important." 656 00:52:13,797 --> 00:52:15,196 Through the generations, 657 00:52:15,332 --> 00:52:18,165 thousands of human beings have been thrust together 658 00:52:18,301 --> 00:52:21,498 to live out their lives in the vibrant microcosm 659 00:52:21,638 --> 00:52:23,936 that is the Old City of Jerusalem. 660 00:52:24,074 --> 00:52:26,872 Bound by their fierce connection to the city, 661 00:52:27,010 --> 00:52:28,841 despite their differences, 662 00:52:28,979 --> 00:52:30,173 the pressures of the years, 663 00:52:30,313 --> 00:52:32,304 of violence and suffering, 664 00:52:32,449 --> 00:52:33,848 the resilience of these people 665 00:52:33,984 --> 00:52:38,785 and the city itself has preserved its timeless qualities. 666 00:52:38,922 --> 00:52:42,653 Even in our ear of materialism and uncertainty, 667 00:52:42,792 --> 00:52:45,955 the concepts of love, rebirth brotherhood, 668 00:52:46,096 --> 00:52:53,002 and peace still shine forth from within the walls of Jerusalem.