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It has been called Morning of the World

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Heaven on Earth

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and The Last Paradise

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Born of the fiery volcanic eruptions

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Bali is one of the chain of islands

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that stretches between Southeast of
Asia and Australia

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On this isolated dot of land

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an extraordinary civilization developed

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which remains unique on earth

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Here, vibrant religious beliefs find
expression in music

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dance, art and rituals created to
please the gods

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and placate and demons of
the spirit realm

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Admiring visitors have long feared
this culture was doomed

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But the Balinese select what they desire
from the outside world

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while clinging to their age-old ways

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Everything remains centered on a
religion practiced only here...

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and life itself continues to be lived
as a dance of devotion

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Rooted in cults of ancient magic

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fostered by rites of a mystical religion

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it is a pageant constantly recreated
by its artists

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Bali, masterpiece of the gods

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In the beginning there was nothing

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All was emptiness

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Then, say the old manuscripts

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a turtle floating on the ocean
was created

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and resting upon it

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the island of Bali

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High in the sKies

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were the flaming heavens of the ancestors

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and over all, the realm of the gods

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The depths were inhabited by demons
of the underworld

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In the middle world dwelt the people

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Early migrations added Malaysian

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and Polynesian bloodlines to the
indigenous population

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As the centuries passed

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people and ideas swept in from India

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China, and Java

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Separated from Java by a strait of
just two miles

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this specK of land 90 miles wide

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60 miles long

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is the only remaining stronghold of the
Hindu faith in the Indonesian archipelago

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In Denpasar, the capital

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the traditional and the new collide
head-on

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Unquestionably the city is changing

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as it attempts to deal with
congestion pollution

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and overpopulation problems common to
urban areas everywhere

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But the people adapt sKillfully

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While utilizing material objects
and technology from the modern world

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they hold fast to the powerful traditions
that give meaning to their lives

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Some 1200 years ago

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Hindu thought first fired the Balinese
imagination

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The flames of belief were fanned as

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successive tides of Hindu influence
washed over Bali from Java and India

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From its precepts

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the Balinese fashioned their
unique religion Agama Hindu

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According to its teachings

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the priestly class is the highest of
Bali's four castes

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The high priest of amenuh begins
each day reciting magic formulas

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accompanied by ritual gestures

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to prepare holy water

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It is used in such profusion

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that the Balinese fondly call Agama Hindu
"the religion of holy water."

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For the Balinese life is only apart of
a never ending cycle of death

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and rebirth onto the same family

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one step in the soul's long process of
evolution

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Every newborn comes into this world
directly from heaven and is

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therefore, treated with the reverence
due a god

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The high priest and his priestess wife

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officiate at the rite that marKs
the 105th day of a baby's life

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Until today

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the baby was still so close to heaven
that she belonged to the deities

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She was not yet a human beings

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she did not even have a name

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A temple priest purifies her

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and magic symbols are inscribed on the
petals of a flower to protect her

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While bound to the spiritual realm

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she was never allowed to touch
the impure earth

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Now, her feet touch the ground
for the first time

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Relatives taKe gifts

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symbolic of riches

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from a vessel filled with holy water

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and put them on her

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This ceremony symbolizes the beginning
of the human struggle

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The baby is now her mother's child

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Rice is the divine gift that sustains
life on earth

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About half the island's population

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maKe their livelihood farming
the sculpted rice terraces

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they call "steps of the gods"

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Embraced by the ice fields
are thousands of villages

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and hamlets where most of Bali's
two-and-a-half million people live

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In these tightly-Knit communities

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every married man is obliged to belong
to the village ward

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or banjar,
and worK for the common good

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LiKe generations of their ancestors
before them

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etut antor and his cousin

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Made Tubuh, were born
in the village of Batuan

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They live and worK side by side

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Mrs. Antor was born here too

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she met her future husband
when she was six years old

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When they married
she moved into his family compound

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Behind its enclosing wall

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the compound is laid out according to
a prescribed pattern

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By night its open pavilions
are used for sleeping

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by day for family activities

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The villages of Batuan is renowned
for its artists

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Mr. Antor observes

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"In Batuan

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most people participate in the arts

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Without art, people would not be normal"

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Each person must have a feeling for art

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painting, dance, even worKing in
the rice fields"

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Fifty years ago

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the renowned American anthropologist
Margaret Mead noted

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that the arts are part and parcel of the
daily life of the Balinese

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as much as the village community
or the irrigation system

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The compound is a little universe

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complete with everything from a family
shrine to a fruit

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and vegetable garden

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Bananas and other fruits, coffee

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and vanilla are grown here

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Little is wasted

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Long ago I studied weaving
with my mother

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I began when I was about eight years old

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Some of the things I weave

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are given to my children to wear
to the temple

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I very much enjoy maKing offerings

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because since I was a child

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I was attracted to the decorations

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MaKing them is not really worK

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Our belief in God maKes it pleasurable

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Mr. Tubuh's daughter, Deni

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has come from her home next door to help

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Soon she will move here

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she and the antors' eldest son plan
to marry

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Everyday the woman place offerings

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throughout the compound to appease
the gods and spirits

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These, made of rice dough are specially
prepared for a temple celebration

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After school village boys congregate
at the antors' home to learn to dance

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In Bali

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children dance liKe American youngsters
play baseball

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antor has been dancing at religious
festivals since he was a boy

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His sons are accomplished dancers, too

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But today they play gamelan

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the shimmering music of gongs
metallophones, cymbals, and drums

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that accompanies all religious
and theatrical events

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Mr. Antor's father
the late Nyoman aKul

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was one of the most famous
Balinese dancers of his day

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He also taught dance to many of the
royal families

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Recalling historic battles

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the baris dance emulates
the fierce poses

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and frightening expressions of
the warrior

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Teaching dance

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antor fullfills his obligation
to his community

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and his father's legacy

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A system of water temples high
in the mountains

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coordinates rice farming for the
entire island

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The farmers are organized into subaKs

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age-old cooperatives that insure

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even the lowest terraces receive their
share of water

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Mr. Antor's father bought rice paddies

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with money he earned touring world
capitals in a Balinese dance troupe

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My father taught me how to read the fields

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use the cows

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and the best time to plant

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When we worK and prepare the land

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it unifies and maKes us one with the land

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As with every major event in Balinese life

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a propitious day is selected for the
seedlings to be planted

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Rituals will ensure protection
by the deities

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and the rice will be watched
as closely as a developing child

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Every morning and again
when the day's worK is done

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the Balinese baths in village
or local streams

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For centuries

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the highly productive rice-growing system

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has freed the relentlessly
creative Balinese

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to perfect the arts that serve
their community

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On an auspicious night

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Mr. Antor will present topeng

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a masKed dance-drama

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for his ancestral gods

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With offerings

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he requests permission from the ancestors
to perform and use the masKs

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He says

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These are sacred masKs that were used
by my father

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gifts from priest and Kings

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Some are 200 years old

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The first time I performed
outside my village

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my father arranged for a special
ceremony

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for my thoughts and feelings to become
one with the masKs

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When my father died

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I dreamed he asKed me to dance
at the temple

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I tooK this mean that he gave me
permission to wear his masKs

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The masKs represent historic characters

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prime ministers and Kings

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as well as clowns

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With them he enacts stories based
on Balinese chronicles

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Before I perform

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I often dream of my father when I dance

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we dance together

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As stories of the past echo
into the present

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the children learn the history of
their island

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thus binding the generations together

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While pleasing the gods

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antor's dance provides him

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and the community with spiritual
enrichment

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The success of human endeavor depends on
continually Keeping the worlds of men

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gods and demonic powers in balance

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Communion with divine is made possible
through temple celebrations

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Traditionally

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art has not been created
as the expression of the individual

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but as a group effort to serve the gods
and society

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The Balinese have no word for art

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Yet entire villages are made up of
families of rice farmers

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who are also brilliant sculptors

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dancers, musicians, and painters

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The villages of Mas has long been famous
as a community of wood-carvers

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Ida Bagus Anom is a masK-maKer
as were his father and grandfather

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Anom himself is a masKed dancer

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so he has a deep understanding
of the qualities

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with which a good ritual masK
must be endowed

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In Bali we can see two Kinds of masKs

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One masK is for decoration

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So when we start a masK liKe this

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...and I finish it

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But the masK has no power

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no soul, no spirit

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That's one

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Another one is the masK that
has a spiritual

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or in Bali we believe the masK
has a soul

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So if I maKe a masK liKe that

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the first time cutting the wood

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I must find a good day
liKe a full moon, new moon

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And then when the masK is finished

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we maKe an offering

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and then bring it to the temple

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and the priest calls the spirits

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So a lot of it is with the religion
activity

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The most difficulty to maKe a masK
is to Keep character, spirit, soul

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If you want to maKe a minister

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you must Keep the soul

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the character liKe a minister

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If you maKe a King

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you have to Keep the soul
to the masK liKe a King

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So you need to Know the story
behind the masK

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When I am maKing a masK

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when I am carving a masK

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I am already thinKing about the movement
and the music, the melody

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So, liKe music, Carving, and dancing

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you must have a connection
with each other

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So when I'm carving a masK

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I be thinKing about the movement

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Anom continues to create expressive
masKs for religious performances

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00:22:51,436 --> 00:22:55,964
He also maKes original and inventive
masKs for international art collectors

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00:22:56,108 --> 00:22:59,236
who eagerly seeK his craftsmanship

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As foreigners became more interested
in Balinese creations

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art entered a new era in this century

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00:23:24,202 --> 00:23:28,536
But the connection between art
and religion endures

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In the village of PengoseKan

259
00:23:34,379 --> 00:23:37,041
headman Dewa Nyoman Batuan exhibits

260
00:23:37,182 --> 00:23:40,709
and sells his artworKs
and those of his villagers

261
00:23:40,852 --> 00:23:44,413
Batuan reflects on the nature
of Balinese art

262
00:23:44,790 --> 00:23:51,628
Paintings start form religion
because everything is coming from God

263
00:23:51,763 --> 00:23:53,196
Everything is coming from God

264
00:23:53,331 --> 00:23:56,494
Because when we maKe painting

265
00:23:56,635 --> 00:23:58,830
first we must thinK about God

266
00:23:58,970 --> 00:24:02,497
Painting maKes men closer to God

267
00:24:06,945 --> 00:24:09,880
Bima is a character form the Mahabharata

268
00:24:10,015 --> 00:24:13,382
a 2000 year old Hindu narrative poem

269
00:24:13,819 --> 00:24:17,220
In this painting that illustrates
the Balinese cosmos

270
00:24:17,355 --> 00:24:20,518
he stands on the turtle
that balances the world

271
00:24:20,659 --> 00:24:26,996
Below, hell is full of demons mythical
creatures and miserable humans

272
00:24:32,771 --> 00:24:35,899
Bima must rescue his father's
soul from hell

273
00:24:36,041 --> 00:24:38,509
and secure its admission to heaven

274
00:24:38,643 --> 00:24:43,671
The painting mirrors the pervasive
influence of Agama Hindu on the arts

275
00:24:52,691 --> 00:24:53,817
A thousand years ago

276
00:24:53,959 --> 00:24:56,519
the flicKering movements of the
wayang Kulits

277
00:24:56,661 --> 00:24:59,755
or shadow play, were brought from Java

278
00:25:03,802 --> 00:25:05,929
Puppets cast their shadows on a screen

279
00:25:06,071 --> 00:25:09,507
as they are manipulated by a mystic
storyteller

280
00:25:10,375 --> 00:25:13,742
The cinematic images he creates are
a favorite entertainment

281
00:25:13,879 --> 00:25:16,279
comparable to our TV

282
00:25:24,222 --> 00:25:26,884
His assistants help set up the puppets

283
00:25:27,025 --> 00:25:28,993
noble character on the right

284
00:25:29,127 --> 00:25:31,925
evil characters on the left

285
00:25:38,336 --> 00:25:39,894
Based on Hindu epics

286
00:25:40,038 --> 00:25:42,734
this traditional form of spiritual
education

287
00:25:42,874 --> 00:25:47,607
also incorporates issues of topical
concern to the villagers

288
00:25:48,079 --> 00:25:51,173
Most of the play is presented
in classical Javanese

289
00:25:51,316 --> 00:25:54,808
a language not understood
by most of the audience

290
00:26:00,058 --> 00:26:01,047
Only the clowns

291
00:26:01,192 --> 00:26:05,288
the characters with movable mouths
speaKs Balinese

292
00:26:05,430 --> 00:26:09,491
They reinforce the story with the help
of slapsticKs humors

293
00:26:26,685 --> 00:26:29,347
The performance wtll last far into
the night

294
00:26:29,487 --> 00:26:31,887
At the end, evil will be vanquished

295
00:26:32,023 --> 00:26:35,083
the cosmos restored to order

296
00:26:45,003 --> 00:26:48,871
At Pangarebongan Temple on the outsKirts
of the capital

297
00:26:49,007 --> 00:26:50,907
a festival linKs the worlds of men

298
00:26:51,042 --> 00:26:55,706
and spirits in one of the most mysterious
of all Balinese rites

299
00:26:57,015 --> 00:27:00,280
A barong,
mythical protector of manKind

300
00:27:00,418 --> 00:27:02,579
is escorted into the temple

301
00:27:11,830 --> 00:27:16,494
Within, scores of boys and
men prepared to enter trance

302
00:27:19,137 --> 00:27:21,628
In her 1939 landmarK film

303
00:27:21,773 --> 00:27:25,607
Margaret Mead documented this
fascinating phenomenon

304
00:27:26,544 --> 00:27:30,275
Rangda the witch is the Balinese
embodiment of evils

305
00:27:30,415 --> 00:27:34,818
Each of her followers carries a dagger
called a Kris

306
00:27:34,953 --> 00:27:38,184
After an altercation between Rangda
and the Barong

307
00:27:38,323 --> 00:27:42,089
the Barong tries to revive his entranced
followers

308
00:27:42,861 --> 00:27:44,920
When all have fallen into trance

309
00:27:45,063 --> 00:27:47,759
they turn their daggers on themselves

310
00:27:50,035 --> 00:27:52,526
The participants believe fully in trance

311
00:27:52,671 --> 00:27:55,401
and the protection of Rangda
and the Barong

312
00:27:55,540 --> 00:27:58,100
The daggers will not pierce their sKin

313
00:27:58,243 --> 00:28:00,473
no matter how hard they push

314
00:28:06,985 --> 00:28:09,852
Trance is an altered state
liKe hypnosis

315
00:28:09,988 --> 00:28:13,685
in which the Balinese put aside their
usual decorum

316
00:28:13,825 --> 00:28:17,591
It is genuine
and still widely practiced

317
00:28:18,697 --> 00:28:23,634
Trance mediums pray for the spirits
of gods and demons to enter them

318
00:28:24,002 --> 00:28:25,196
Once in trance

319
00:28:25,336 --> 00:28:29,466
they are believed to be in direct
contact with the spirit world

320
00:29:14,486 --> 00:29:17,114
They are led outside the temple
by warrior dancers

321
00:29:17,255 --> 00:29:18,916
who wear blacK and white

322
00:29:19,057 --> 00:29:21,651
symbolic of good and evil

323
00:29:31,703 --> 00:29:33,568
Rangda appears

324
00:29:33,705 --> 00:29:37,163
Simply putting on the spiritually
powerful masKs

325
00:29:37,308 --> 00:29:41,210
causes those who wear them to fall
onto trance

326
00:30:08,139 --> 00:30:11,006
Through this communication between
the gods and the living

327
00:30:11,142 --> 00:30:14,669
the deities demonstrate their presence
and power

328
00:30:15,013 --> 00:30:19,973
Such rituals have Kept the Balinese world
in harmony for generations

329
00:30:31,129 --> 00:30:35,691
As foreign artist and anthropologists
spread the word of Bali' splendors

330
00:30:35,834 --> 00:30:40,999
in the 1920's and '30s a few hundred
foreigners came here each year

331
00:30:41,139 --> 00:30:45,701
In 1969 the government built a jet
airstrip

332
00:30:45,844 --> 00:30:50,110
The next year, 24,000 people visited

333
00:30:50,248 --> 00:30:55,948
Two decades later the number had jumped
to 400,000

334
00:30:56,087 --> 00:30:57,645
Fearful of uncontrolled growth

335
00:30:57,789 --> 00:31:02,886
the government has restricted large
hotels to the southern tip of the island

336
00:31:06,831 --> 00:31:09,629
After a single highrise hotel was built

337
00:31:09,767 --> 00:31:12,930
a law was passed to regulate construction

338
00:31:13,071 --> 00:31:16,837
No new building can be higher
than a coconut palm

339
00:31:19,143 --> 00:31:22,169
Some visit Bali just for the beaches

340
00:31:26,317 --> 00:31:27,181
At the same time

341
00:31:27,318 --> 00:31:29,479
many discriminating visitors
come to Bali

342
00:31:29,621 --> 00:31:32,988
for what has been called cultural tourism

343
00:31:35,193 --> 00:31:38,060
They have become patrons of the arts

344
00:31:38,196 --> 00:31:42,656
Their interest in Balinese creations is
a source of pride for local artists

345
00:31:42,800 --> 00:31:44,700
who have found a new source of income

346
00:31:44,836 --> 00:31:49,603
by simply continuing to do they have
always done so well

347
00:32:22,340 --> 00:32:24,831
Since the 1920's, Balinese painters

348
00:32:24,976 --> 00:32:27,035
while retaining native subject matter

349
00:32:27,178 --> 00:32:31,615
have found inspiration in the worKs of
visiting Western artists

350
00:32:34,485 --> 00:32:37,181
Experimentation in themes, materials

351
00:32:37,322 --> 00:32:43,022
and approach has resulted in a fusion of
folK art and modern style

352
00:32:50,034 --> 00:32:53,231
Sanur Beach has been the site of
invasions by the Dutch

353
00:32:53,371 --> 00:32:57,637
the Japanese, and more recently, tourist

354
00:32:58,843 --> 00:33:00,367
Despite inevitable change

355
00:33:00,511 --> 00:33:03,674
the people retain their village
lifestyle

356
00:33:04,549 --> 00:33:09,543
Eleven- year-old Wayan Mastri and her
schoolmates live in Sanur

357
00:33:10,989 --> 00:33:15,016
It was the Indonesian government
that opened education to girls

358
00:33:15,159 --> 00:33:17,957
Today, education is compulsory for all

359
00:33:18,096 --> 00:33:21,395
with parents required to pay a small fee

360
00:33:28,406 --> 00:33:31,773
On Mondays school begins with the
singing of the national anthem

361
00:33:31,909 --> 00:33:34,002
in the Indonesian language

362
00:33:34,145 --> 00:33:38,377
an important element in unifying the
world's fifth largest nation

363
00:33:38,516 --> 00:33:43,283
made up of diverse cultures
languages, and religions

364
00:34:06,210 --> 00:34:09,577
While other classes are taught
in the Bahasa Indonesian language

365
00:34:09,714 --> 00:34:12,911
religion is taught in Balinese

366
00:34:34,772 --> 00:34:36,831
Just steps away from a popular beach

367
00:34:36,974 --> 00:34:38,532
yet worlds away

368
00:34:38,676 --> 00:34:42,168
Mastri and her family live
in a simple compound

369
00:34:42,313 --> 00:34:44,281
They worK together
maKing Kites

370
00:34:44,415 --> 00:34:48,511
to supplement the modest
living her father earns as a fisherman

371
00:34:49,020 --> 00:34:52,217
It taKes a full day to craft one Kite

372
00:34:52,356 --> 00:34:55,985
They are sold to tourists for about
$10 each

373
00:35:11,142 --> 00:35:13,872
The Balinese themselves are very fond
of Kites

374
00:35:14,011 --> 00:35:15,911
Mastri's younger brother and sister

375
00:35:16,047 --> 00:35:18,106
taKe their own gaily painted birds

376
00:35:18,249 --> 00:35:21,616
to dance in the wind above Sanur Beach

377
00:35:45,843 --> 00:35:49,108
At festivals celebrated on each
temple's anniversary

378
00:35:49,247 --> 00:35:50,612
the gods are called down

379
00:35:50,748 --> 00:35:52,773
from their home above the mountains

380
00:35:52,917 --> 00:35:55,613
and greeted with elaborate offerings

381
00:35:57,955 --> 00:36:00,549
Mastir and her family join the stream
of worshippers

382
00:36:00,691 --> 00:36:03,421
at the Temple of the Dead in Sanur

383
00:36:09,901 --> 00:36:11,698
By cleaning and decorating the temple

384
00:36:11,836 --> 00:36:13,963
As well as preparing offerings

385
00:36:14,105 --> 00:36:17,404
everyone has shared in creating the
festival

386
00:36:22,280 --> 00:36:25,181
The gods will remain on earth
for these days

387
00:36:25,316 --> 00:36:28,911
the temple alive with the prayers of
the entire village

388
00:36:29,053 --> 00:36:30,384
When the festival ends

389
00:36:30,521 --> 00:36:35,549
the gods will depart until next year
when they will be summoned again

390
00:36:40,765 --> 00:36:44,599
For most Balinese the sea
is a terrifying place

391
00:36:44,735 --> 00:36:48,193
a realm inhabited by demons
of the underworld

392
00:36:48,739 --> 00:36:49,501
RemarKably

393
00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:55,044
Bali is one of the new island societies
oriented away from the water

394
00:36:55,880 --> 00:36:57,211
But when the tide is right

395
00:36:57,348 --> 00:37:00,613
Mastri's father and brother brave
the danger

396
00:37:00,918 --> 00:37:04,410
They have no boat and only a minimum
of equipment

397
00:37:04,555 --> 00:37:06,079
The boy is learning from his father

398
00:37:06,224 --> 00:37:08,055
how to catch the tropical fish

399
00:37:08,192 --> 00:37:10,786
that provide most of the family's income

400
00:37:30,514 --> 00:37:34,416
He will sell the fish to an exporter
for a few cents each

401
00:37:43,561 --> 00:37:47,861
In the compound they prepare the fish
for shipment to Australia

402
00:38:02,446 --> 00:38:05,074
The Bags are filled woth oxygen
for the flight

403
00:38:05,216 --> 00:38:07,377
The fish will be sold at high prices

404
00:38:07,518 --> 00:38:11,147
to shops that cater to tropical
fish fanciers

405
00:38:21,732 --> 00:38:24,826
At the Tandjung Sari hotel on Sanur Beach

406
00:38:24,969 --> 00:38:29,406
Mastri and other local youngsters are
taught traditional dances

407
00:38:29,540 --> 00:38:31,633
The management has created a foundation

408
00:38:31,776 --> 00:38:34,108
to preserve music and dance

409
00:38:34,245 --> 00:38:37,373
They believe that since hotels
are replacing rice fields

410
00:38:37,515 --> 00:38:39,312
as the economic base here

411
00:38:39,450 --> 00:38:42,442
they have a responsibility to the
villagers

412
00:38:46,557 --> 00:38:48,855
Every Saturday night Mastri and
the others

413
00:38:48,993 --> 00:38:53,225
are transformed from school girls
into court dancers

414
00:38:56,801 --> 00:38:58,200
Legong raton

415
00:38:58,336 --> 00:39:01,237
its story drawn from 13th century Java

416
00:39:01,372 --> 00:39:04,739
was once performed only in royal palaces

417
00:39:05,276 --> 00:39:07,437
Traditionally legong is danced by girls

418
00:39:07,578 --> 00:39:10,445
who have not yet reached the age of
puberty

419
00:39:20,124 --> 00:39:22,684
Every performance is preceded by rituals

420
00:39:22,827 --> 00:39:26,524
to insure that the spirit world will
be benevolent

421
00:39:38,776 --> 00:39:42,143
Contemporary anthropologist
Philip Mcean observes

422
00:39:42,279 --> 00:39:44,406
Often the "young find their identity

423
00:39:44,548 --> 00:39:46,709
as Balinese framed by the mirror

424
00:39:46,851 --> 00:39:49,411
that tourism holds up to them

425
00:39:50,287 --> 00:39:52,278
This has led many of them to celebrate

426
00:39:52,423 --> 00:39:56,154
their own traditions with continued
vitality

427
00:40:34,965 --> 00:40:39,163
This legong portrays a Kidnapped princes
lost in the forest

428
00:40:39,303 --> 00:40:42,932
a heroic prince,
and an omen-bearing bird

429
00:40:50,514 --> 00:40:55,850
Dances learned here are also performed
in the banjar and village temples

430
00:40:56,220 --> 00:40:59,087
The dancers receive a small toKen payment

431
00:40:59,223 --> 00:41:00,815
But their deepest reward is in

432
00:41:00,958 --> 00:41:05,327
filling a spiritual need in themselves
and their community

433
00:41:12,169 --> 00:41:14,194
There is growing awareness in the
Balinese

434
00:41:14,338 --> 00:41:16,636
of the priceless value of their culture

435
00:41:16,774 --> 00:41:19,572
and its potential vulnerability

436
00:41:19,710 --> 00:41:22,543
ASTI, the performing arts college
in the capital

437
00:41:22,680 --> 00:41:26,446
is under the direction of
Dr. I. Made Bandem

438
00:41:26,584 --> 00:41:27,778
Son of a dance master

439
00:41:27,918 --> 00:41:28,907
he learned to dance

440
00:41:29,053 --> 00:41:32,580
and play gamelan instruments in
his village

441
00:41:32,723 --> 00:41:38,025
Later he earned advanced degrees
at UCLA and Wesleyan University

442
00:41:46,003 --> 00:41:50,372
ASTI has 400 students and 60 faculty
members

443
00:41:50,508 --> 00:41:53,875
Dr. Bandem also invites dance master
from the villages

444
00:41:54,011 --> 00:41:59,472
to share with students the diverse styles
found throughout the island. Dr. Bandem

445
00:41:59,617 --> 00:42:01,016
Dr. Bandem...

446
00:42:01,151 --> 00:42:05,053
Our curriculum in ASTI is really a
combination

447
00:42:05,189 --> 00:42:09,387
between ideals of villages and
also modern school

448
00:42:09,527 --> 00:42:15,056
ASTI is not separated from the society
to which it belongs

449
00:42:20,738 --> 00:42:22,035
The subjects they learned at school

450
00:42:22,172 --> 00:42:24,732
is not only technique, music, and dance

451
00:42:24,875 --> 00:42:28,311
but also learning anthropology, history

452
00:42:28,445 --> 00:42:31,073
and other related cultural bacKground

453
00:42:31,215 --> 00:42:36,448
so they can strengthen their
appreciation of Balinese artist

454
00:42:58,542 --> 00:42:59,668
In the countryside

455
00:42:59,810 --> 00:43:03,769
the meticulously tended rice terraces
yield their golden bounty

456
00:43:03,914 --> 00:43:06,144
as they have for centuries

457
00:43:06,850 --> 00:43:07,748
WorKing together

458
00:43:07,885 --> 00:43:11,878
the antor family gathers the stalKs
one by one

459
00:43:12,022 --> 00:43:14,047
Mr. Antor says

460
00:43:16,293 --> 00:43:20,024
Rice is a very great gift from god

461
00:43:20,164 --> 00:43:23,565
Rice gives life to the Balinese people

462
00:43:37,314 --> 00:43:38,076
For the antors

463
00:43:38,215 --> 00:43:42,481
this marKs the successful culmination
of another cycle

464
00:43:51,595 --> 00:43:55,258
A ceremonial dish delivered
throughout the banjar serves

465
00:43:55,399 --> 00:43:58,857
as the invitation to a unique rite of
passage

466
00:44:01,372 --> 00:44:03,670
This is the tooth-filling ceremony

467
00:44:03,807 --> 00:44:08,403
a ritual that symbolically concludes
the parent, child relationship

468
00:44:09,113 --> 00:44:11,445
The high priest has blessed
his instruments

469
00:44:11,582 --> 00:44:14,016
to maKe the operation painless

470
00:44:16,387 --> 00:44:17,354
After death

471
00:44:17,488 --> 00:44:19,888
one may be denied entrance
to the spirit world

472
00:44:20,024 --> 00:44:22,652
if his teeth have bot been filled

473
00:44:22,793 --> 00:44:27,196
The priest files the points of the
canine teeth to form a straight line

474
00:44:27,331 --> 00:44:31,734
This diminishes what the Balinese
consider "animal qualities"

475
00:44:31,869 --> 00:44:35,270
greed, anger, and jealousy

476
00:44:50,754 --> 00:44:53,723
The fillings will be buried
in the family temple

477
00:45:05,002 --> 00:45:09,234
Marriage is the final initiation
into the community

478
00:45:09,807 --> 00:45:13,675
All Balinese Know their most important
duty is to raise a son

479
00:45:13,811 --> 00:45:18,874
who, one day, will perform the cremation
ceremony for his parents

480
00:45:19,249 --> 00:45:20,807
From her home next door

481
00:45:20,951 --> 00:45:23,818
Deni walKs to the antors' compound
for the rite

482
00:45:23,954 --> 00:45:26,923
that will unite her with their eldest son

483
00:45:33,530 --> 00:45:37,523
A priest purifies the couple with holy
water and prayer

484
00:45:53,217 --> 00:45:55,515
They walKed in a circle three times

485
00:45:55,652 --> 00:45:58,052
Deni balances a marKet basKet

486
00:45:58,188 --> 00:46:02,716
Wayan carries food to suggest
how he will provide

487
00:46:03,360 --> 00:46:05,658
The moment when Deni breaKs the string

488
00:46:05,796 --> 00:46:09,197
signals the end of their lives
as individuals

489
00:46:09,333 --> 00:46:12,928
their entrance to a new world as a couple

490
00:46:17,941 --> 00:46:21,206
Age-old gestures insure fertility

491
00:46:38,695 --> 00:46:40,560
In the antors' family shrine

492
00:46:40,697 --> 00:46:43,723
Deni
taKes leave of her ancestral gods

493
00:46:43,867 --> 00:46:48,429
From this day forward she embraces
those of her husband

494
00:46:52,042 --> 00:46:55,341
All over the island villagers gather
at their banjars

495
00:46:55,479 --> 00:46:58,209
to prepare for a momentous event

496
00:46:59,316 --> 00:47:03,912
A fine cremation is the life long
ambition of very Balinese

497
00:47:04,054 --> 00:47:07,353
But a grand send-off requires the worK
of many hands

498
00:47:07,491 --> 00:47:09,391
and much money

499
00:47:09,827 --> 00:47:11,556
Mass cremations

500
00:47:11,695 --> 00:47:14,323
for which the entire village shares
expenses

501
00:47:14,464 --> 00:47:16,091
are the answer

502
00:47:16,633 --> 00:47:21,593
Teams of artisans fashion sarcophagi
for the great celebrations

503
00:47:37,087 --> 00:47:40,284
In the antors' village the rhythm
of the KulKul announces

504
00:47:40,424 --> 00:47:43,621
that cremation ceremonies will soon begin

505
00:47:44,027 --> 00:47:47,360
The people have spent years saving
for this day

506
00:47:48,732 --> 00:47:53,169
In the graveyard villagers...

507
00:47:53,303 --> 00:47:56,704
...custom
they may be buried for 25 years

508
00:47:56,840 --> 00:47:57,966
or even longer,

509
00:47:58,108 --> 00:48:00,906
before the all-important cremation

510
00:48:01,044 --> 00:48:03,308
Mr. Antor reflects

511
00:48:06,817 --> 00:48:09,980
As we dig up our ancestors' remains

512
00:48:10,120 --> 00:48:14,147
we remember how they helped is and
gave is a good life

513
00:48:14,291 --> 00:48:16,782
Now we are without them

514
00:48:16,927 --> 00:48:18,895
We are very saddened

515
00:48:21,431 --> 00:48:25,390
Mr. Antor's mother in law died
six years ago

516
00:48:25,535 --> 00:48:30,234
Now her bones are carefully
arranged in a white cloth

517
00:48:33,844 --> 00:48:37,075
Village men and boys assemble
to carry the bodies

518
00:48:37,214 --> 00:48:40,377
a symbol of their loyalty to the deceased

519
00:48:42,319 --> 00:48:45,755
The families carry wood
for the cremation pyres

520
00:48:50,093 --> 00:48:54,393
Strict caste rules dictate the shape
of the sarcophagus

521
00:48:54,531 --> 00:48:58,297
Because Mrs. Antor's mother was
a member of the Sudra caste

522
00:48:58,435 --> 00:49:02,667
her sarcophagus is shaped liKe a
mythical elephant, fish

523
00:49:08,211 --> 00:49:13,114
The raucous, joyful journey to the
cremation grounds begins

524
00:49:21,792 --> 00:49:24,124
The sarcophagus are turned in
all directions

525
00:49:24,261 --> 00:49:26,661
to confuse the souls of the departed

526
00:49:26,797 --> 00:49:30,631
and ensure that that will not wander
bacK to their homes

527
00:49:39,543 --> 00:49:43,639
Carrying holy water and offerings
they have spent weeKs preparing

528
00:49:43,780 --> 00:49:48,149
the antor Koin the other families
at the cremation grounds

529
00:49:52,422 --> 00:49:55,357
Again, the remains are purified

530
00:50:01,631 --> 00:50:04,532
Offerings also serve as fuel

531
00:50:12,776 --> 00:50:14,835
Only when the body is destroyed

532
00:50:14,978 --> 00:50:19,472
is the soul free to be reunited
with the Supreme Being

533
00:50:19,816 --> 00:50:24,276
This act is the most sacred duty of
every Balinese

534
00:50:26,256 --> 00:50:28,156
Our greatest happiness occurs

535
00:50:28,291 --> 00:50:31,852
whenever we are successful
in carrying out a good cremation

536
00:50:31,995 --> 00:50:36,091
and freeing our ancestors
from the connection to earth

537
00:50:39,503 --> 00:50:42,939
This type of ceremony does not cause
us sadness

538
00:50:43,073 --> 00:50:45,803
but creates a moment of happiness

539
00:50:45,942 --> 00:50:50,572
Cremations are a ceremony to free the
souls of our ancestors

540
00:50:50,714 --> 00:50:53,148
a way of ending a long life and

541
00:50:53,283 --> 00:50:54,375
at the same time

542
00:50:54,518 --> 00:50:56,782
beginning a new one

543
00:51:26,283 --> 00:51:28,581
The ashes are taKen to the sea

544
00:51:28,718 --> 00:51:30,481
the final act in the cremation

545
00:51:30,620 --> 00:51:34,750
that marKs the passage from this life
to the next

546
00:51:38,495 --> 00:51:44,661
And between incarnations the soul
resides in a place just liKe Bali

547
00:51:44,801 --> 00:51:48,362
but devoid of all trouble and illness

548
00:51:52,142 --> 00:51:54,337
In the endless round of life

549
00:51:54,478 --> 00:51:58,005
by carefully discharging their
sacred duties

550
00:51:58,148 --> 00:52:02,710
the Balinese have Kept their world
in balance for centuries

551
00:52:04,921 --> 00:52:07,617
The effects of modernization on
contemporary Bali

552
00:52:07,757 --> 00:52:10,658
are profound Paradoxically

553
00:52:10,794 --> 00:52:14,127
tourists help preserve
and renew the arts

554
00:52:14,264 --> 00:52:15,663
while propelling the Balinese

555
00:52:15,799 --> 00:52:20,862
toward a share of the wealth
that all developing communities require

556
00:52:28,378 --> 00:52:31,108
Ever since they first arrived on these
shores

557
00:52:31,248 --> 00:52:32,943
admiring outsiders have feared

558
00:52:33,083 --> 00:52:38,043
that foreign ideas might swamp this
finely tuned society

559
00:52:38,488 --> 00:52:39,853
But while the 20th century

560
00:52:39,990 --> 00:52:43,790
has given the Balinese new ways of
looKing at their world

561
00:52:43,927 --> 00:52:49,422
it has also renewed their determination
to preserve their ancient heritage

562
00:52:54,104 --> 00:52:59,406
As long as they remain bound together
by ties of community, economics

563
00:52:59,543 --> 00:53:03,172
religious rituals, and ancestral loyalty

564
00:53:03,313 --> 00:53:07,773
Bali will remain an oasis of beauty
and belief

565
00:53:07,918 --> 00:53:10,853
the masterpiece of the gods