1 00:00:02,091 --> 00:00:05,390 And what's happening with the metal on the hull 2 00:00:05,527 --> 00:00:07,552 and the internal portions of the ship. 3 00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:09,727 And so that is what we're trying to do is fiind out is 4 00:00:09,865 --> 00:00:12,425 there a way that we can contain that oil. 5 00:00:16,538 --> 00:00:20,804 Today, the oil has begun to leak from more places than ever. 6 00:00:21,410 --> 00:00:24,243 To understand the extent of the threat to Pearl Harbor, 7 00:00:24,380 --> 00:00:28,009 the park service is conducting a detailed survey of the Arizona. 8 00:00:31,253 --> 00:00:36,054 Dan Lenihan is a park service diver and archeologist. 9 00:00:36,191 --> 00:00:43,393 If it's all released at once, it will probably be a major problem. 10 00:00:44,366 --> 00:00:48,325 For the park service, the challenge it to avert a fiinal catastrophe: 11 00:00:48,470 --> 00:00:51,633 An oil spill in the middle of Pearl Harbor. 12 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:01,342 There's no excuse for having this happen here. 13 00:01:01,483 --> 00:01:04,714 There's no excuse for not knowing enough about this ship 14 00:01:04,853 --> 00:01:07,344 that is would go to the point that 15 00:01:07,489 --> 00:01:11,550 we would have a travesty like that on our hands. 16 00:01:11,693 --> 00:01:14,992 We need to get ahead of it and fiind out what's happening. 17 00:01:19,701 --> 00:01:23,797 The problem is complicated by the ship's designation as a gravesite 18 00:01:23,939 --> 00:01:26,533 and by the oil's symbolic meaning. 19 00:01:26,675 --> 00:01:29,075 Many visitors and survivors to the Arizona memorial 20 00:01:29,211 --> 00:01:32,305 consider the oil to either be the tears of the ship or that the ship is bleeding 21 00:01:32,448 --> 00:01:34,746 we'll also be dealing with that emotional feelings 22 00:01:34,883 --> 00:01:38,910 that people have about the oil and the signifiicance. 23 00:01:39,321 --> 00:01:43,382 It'll be a balance between what protecting the ecosystem is all about 24 00:01:43,525 --> 00:01:49,088 and protecting the tomb, the shrine that this place symbolizes. 25 00:01:55,471 --> 00:01:58,599 Joining the park service on its survey is National Geographic 26 00:01:58,740 --> 00:02:01,641 underwater photographer David Doubilet. 27 00:02:01,777 --> 00:02:04,371 Even though parts of the Arizona were salvaged 28 00:02:04,513 --> 00:02:08,950 and the rest is slowly corroding it is still impressive closeup. 29 00:02:12,287 --> 00:02:14,687 These huge naval rifles. 30 00:02:14,823 --> 00:02:16,757 They could fiire something that weighed 31 00:02:16,892 --> 00:02:20,851 something almost the weight of a Volkswagen 20 miles away. 32 00:02:20,996 --> 00:02:27,094 The Arizona, in fact every battleship, was built around these main armaments. 33 00:02:34,843 --> 00:02:38,643 We gotta fiind out number 31. 34 00:02:38,780 --> 00:02:41,248 Hidden in the oily murk of Pearl Harbor, 35 00:02:41,383 --> 00:02:44,841 gun turret number one was forgotten for forty years. 36 00:02:46,455 --> 00:02:49,549 Now Doubilet is trying to document its massive guns 37 00:02:49,691 --> 00:02:51,989 for National Geographic Magazine. 38 00:02:52,127 --> 00:02:56,496 Almost every problem that I had related to visibility. 39 00:02:56,632 --> 00:03:02,161 One foot fall, a fiin stroke, would kick up this very very soft mud, 40 00:03:02,304 --> 00:03:05,102 and the clouds would billow out of the bottom 41 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:07,708 and the visibility would drop instantly 42 00:03:07,843 --> 00:03:11,574 from a my wonderful 7 feet or 5 feet down to nothing. 43 00:03:19,354 --> 00:03:21,754 The guns are as long as a bus, 44 00:03:22,558 --> 00:03:26,824 and bringing enough light down here to photograph them is an arduous operation. 45 00:03:29,364 --> 00:03:34,495 Doubilet needs a crew of six people, to bring this submerged shrine to life. 46 00:03:36,872 --> 00:03:41,275 His moody images recall the ghostly legacy of the Arizona. 47 00:03:44,613 --> 00:03:46,444 I think I got the shot. 48 00:03:46,582 --> 00:03:50,382 The shot of the three main guns of turrent number one. 49 00:03:50,519 --> 00:03:54,319 And they come out of the gloom like three fiingers, 50 00:03:54,456 --> 00:03:57,914 and I'm looking up at them with a green background in the background. 51 00:03:58,060 --> 00:03:59,994 It's very gloomy, it's very dark 52 00:04:00,128 --> 00:04:05,293 And Dan Lenihan from the Park Service is down examining 53 00:04:05,434 --> 00:04:07,925 the central barrel of the guns 54 00:04:08,070 --> 00:04:13,406 it's a very gloomy, secret picture of the Arizona. 55 00:04:22,718 --> 00:04:27,212 To its survivors, the Arizona is much more than a sunken ship. 56 00:04:28,023 --> 00:04:31,754 This national park is probably the only one 57 00:04:31,893 --> 00:04:36,489 that has the intense emotional reaction that this one does to all visitors. 58 00:04:36,632 --> 00:04:37,997 And the survivors have taught me that. 59 00:04:38,133 --> 00:04:42,832 I mean the survivors have really shown me what it is to be an American. 60 00:04:42,971 --> 00:04:46,805 And I'm probably the strongest American you'd fiind out, 61 00:04:46,942 --> 00:04:48,933 after having worked here for fiive years. 62 00:04:49,077 --> 00:04:51,307 I think this place can really teach 63 00:04:51,446 --> 00:04:55,678 what the price of war is and what the price of freedom is. 64 00:05:00,255 --> 00:05:01,552 Inside the memorial 65 00:05:01,690 --> 00:05:07,458 a wall lists the 1177 service men who dies on the battleship. 66 00:05:09,598 --> 00:05:13,796 Every returning survivor knew someone who died on December 7th. 67 00:05:23,679 --> 00:05:24,668 They never had a chance. 68 00:05:24,813 --> 00:05:26,405 They didn't know what was coming. 69 00:05:26,548 --> 00:05:29,016 Nobody knew about it. They never woke up." 70 00:05:35,891 --> 00:05:38,291 Aloha, aloha. 71 00:05:38,427 --> 00:05:41,157 I was going to ask you for a hug but I'm gonna get one anyway. 72 00:05:41,296 --> 00:05:44,197 Big, big hug. 73 00:05:45,100 --> 00:05:49,161 I thought maybe that you wouldn't want to hug an ugly old man like... 74 00:05:49,304 --> 00:05:50,794 I do, I do. 75 00:05:51,940 --> 00:05:55,034 Carl Carson was a twenty year old sailor on the Arizona 76 00:05:55,177 --> 00:05:56,974 the day she went down. 77 00:05:57,112 --> 00:05:58,670 He decided to come back to Pearl Harbor 78 00:05:58,814 --> 00:06:03,183 when doctors told him he didn't have much longer to live. 79 00:06:04,419 --> 00:06:08,617 "I lost a lot of good dear friends over there. 80 00:06:08,757 --> 00:06:12,818 It's just awful hard to even think about it. 81 00:06:12,961 --> 00:06:14,895 And I almost lost my own life. 82 00:06:15,030 --> 00:06:17,828 I hope I can make it over there all right. 83 00:06:29,144 --> 00:06:33,012 Carl has never talked very much about what happened to him that day. 84 00:06:39,421 --> 00:06:41,912 Now, at last, it's time. 85 00:06:43,125 --> 00:06:46,891 "This is where I came out of, turret 3 here. 86 00:06:47,028 --> 00:06:49,258 Came back on this. 87 00:06:49,397 --> 00:06:51,831 There used to be ladders up and down 88 00:06:51,967 --> 00:06:54,435 and I came up the turret and went down the..." 89 00:06:54,569 --> 00:06:57,970 I was out on deck doing the morning chores 90 00:06:58,340 --> 00:07:03,573 all of a sudden this plane come along and didn't pay much attention to it 91 00:07:03,712 --> 00:07:07,113 because planes were landing at Ford Island all the time. 92 00:07:07,249 --> 00:07:09,809 And all of a sudden the chips started flying all around me 93 00:07:09,951 --> 00:07:13,409 and the plane it was strafiing me. 94 00:07:13,555 --> 00:07:18,993 And uh somebody hollered it's the damn Japs, get under cover. 95 00:07:22,798 --> 00:07:24,823 The bomb went off, I learned later, 96 00:07:24,966 --> 00:07:26,558 it was back about turret number 4 97 00:07:26,701 --> 00:07:30,967 about where I've been working about 10, 15 minutes before. 98 00:07:31,106 --> 00:07:34,837 And evidently it knocked me out, 99 00:07:34,976 --> 00:07:38,275 ruptured both my lungs and I got smoke inhalation. 100 00:07:38,413 --> 00:07:40,347 And all the lights went out. 101 00:07:40,715 --> 00:07:41,943 I don't know how long I laid there. 102 00:07:42,083 --> 00:07:45,246 But when I woke up it was no panic down there or anything. 103 00:07:45,387 --> 00:07:48,413 But there was smoke and water knee deep. 104 00:07:48,557 --> 00:07:55,121 I ran into a friend of mine that he was crying and, and asking me for help. 105 00:07:55,263 --> 00:07:57,891 And I looked at him in horror. 106 00:07:58,033 --> 00:08:01,230 And the skin on his face and his arms 107 00:08:01,369 --> 00:08:06,864 and everything was just hanging off like, like a mask or something. 108 00:08:07,008 --> 00:08:16,383 And I took hold of his arm. Skin all came off in my hand. 109 00:08:16,818 --> 00:08:20,720 And there, there was just nothing in this world I could do for that boy. 110 00:08:20,856 --> 00:08:23,825 And that has bothered me all my life. 111 00:08:31,132 --> 00:08:34,590 Well they gave the word to abandon ship 112 00:08:34,736 --> 00:08:38,604 and we just practically stepped off of the quarter deck into the water 113 00:08:38,740 --> 00:08:42,437 and I guess I must have passed out. 114 00:08:42,577 --> 00:08:46,877 And went down in the water and everything was just as peaceful and nice 115 00:08:47,015 --> 00:08:49,449 that it would have been so easy to just let go. 116 00:08:49,584 --> 00:08:54,886 And I saw this bright light and something made me come to. 117 00:08:55,023 --> 00:08:59,824 And so I got back up to the surface of the water and, and oil all around. 118 00:08:59,961 --> 00:09:05,524 And I had water in my, oil in my teeth, down in my throat and everything. 119 00:09:05,667 --> 00:09:09,398 Tasted horrible. I still taste it today. 120 00:09:09,771 --> 00:09:13,707 And the oil was a fiire all around. 121 00:09:16,778 --> 00:09:19,269 A man saw me down there and the fiire was approaching me, 122 00:09:19,414 --> 00:09:22,406 wasn't but two feet from me 123 00:09:22,550 --> 00:09:24,848 and he reached down and pulled me up out of the water. 124 00:09:24,986 --> 00:09:27,079 And that man saved my life. 125 00:09:38,433 --> 00:09:40,458 Bob Ballard has spent the entire mission 126 00:09:40,602 --> 00:09:42,832 searching the flats outside the harbor 127 00:09:42,971 --> 00:09:45,997 without fiinding any sign of the lost midget sub. 128 00:09:47,108 --> 00:09:50,271 This is a mile, so what we're going to do 129 00:09:50,412 --> 00:09:56,078 we are going to drop you down here at the base. 130 00:09:56,217 --> 00:09:59,050 Now he's turning his attention to the steep coral escarpment 131 00:09:59,187 --> 00:10:03,817 running roughly parallel to the shore an area he calls the wall. 132 00:10:04,392 --> 00:10:05,586 In an expedition like this 133 00:10:05,727 --> 00:10:10,164 you have to put your mind in the mind of the commander of the submarine 134 00:10:10,298 --> 00:10:14,860 because his actions are gonna defiine the size of the search area. 135 00:10:15,003 --> 00:10:19,565 What he does at that moment is going to tell you 136 00:10:19,708 --> 00:10:22,404 how big a search area you have to have. 137 00:10:22,544 --> 00:10:24,171 Clearly if he was killed outright 138 00:10:24,312 --> 00:10:26,803 then you didn't have to put yourself in his mind at all 139 00:10:26,948 --> 00:10:30,577 because he's dead and he's going to be right were they say he sank 140 00:10:30,719 --> 00:10:34,211 But if he's still alive, he's going to then take certain evasive actions 141 00:10:34,356 --> 00:10:35,380 and you have to then say, 142 00:10:35,523 --> 00:10:38,287 well if I were that person, what would I do? 143 00:10:38,426 --> 00:10:40,155 And there were two options he had. 144 00:10:40,295 --> 00:10:43,389 One was to continue forward into Pearl Harbor 145 00:10:43,531 --> 00:10:46,932 or the other was to turn and run for the high seas. 146 00:10:47,869 --> 00:10:51,464 If the midget made a run for the high seas, and sank farther out, 147 00:10:51,606 --> 00:10:54,666 there's no hope of fiinding it in the remaining time. 148 00:10:58,279 --> 00:11:00,645 But if it had continued toward the harbor, 149 00:11:00,782 --> 00:11:03,148 Ballard's team might stand a chance 150 00:11:03,284 --> 00:11:05,980 with the help of their own miniature submersible. 151 00:11:13,862 --> 00:11:16,956 "Head north turn left." 152 00:11:25,673 --> 00:11:28,073 The one disadvantage of using a submersible 153 00:11:28,209 --> 00:11:29,972 is that Ballard's team won't be able to see 154 00:11:30,111 --> 00:11:32,807 what the sub pilot is seeing during the dive. 155 00:11:32,947 --> 00:11:35,643 They'll have to rely on his descriptions over the radio 156 00:11:35,784 --> 00:11:38,150 and look at a videotape later. 157 00:11:41,723 --> 00:11:43,281 We've landed the sub. 158 00:11:43,425 --> 00:11:48,021 It's going to land about 200m of water, head due north. 159 00:11:48,163 --> 00:11:50,996 As you can see the airport's right there so it's going to run into something 160 00:11:51,132 --> 00:11:52,690 and it's going to run into a wall, 161 00:11:52,834 --> 00:11:56,235 and then it's going to head west along that wall, 162 00:11:56,371 --> 00:11:59,033 because if the submarine hit against that wall 163 00:11:59,174 --> 00:12:00,402 it's going to fall down to the base. 164 00:12:00,542 --> 00:12:03,739 So we're going to spend the day exploring the base of the steep scarp 165 00:12:03,878 --> 00:12:06,369 that leads right up the channel into Pearl Harbor. 166 00:12:10,585 --> 00:12:14,214 To me deepworkers look like sort of manned robots. 167 00:12:14,355 --> 00:12:15,652 They've got a human inside of them 168 00:12:15,790 --> 00:12:18,384 but they have this big, you know, this exoskeleton. 169 00:12:18,526 --> 00:12:22,553 But what they do is they permit a person to be highly maneuverable. 170 00:12:22,697 --> 00:12:24,255 They can spin on their axis. 171 00:12:24,399 --> 00:12:28,233 And they can go into very dangerous places because they're so small. 172 00:12:48,923 --> 00:12:53,451 In the control room, all anyone can do is listen to the squawk box. 173 00:13:02,737 --> 00:13:05,900 They just reported fiinding a pile of batteries 174 00:13:06,040 --> 00:13:09,532 and this submarine was a lot of batteries. 175 00:13:09,677 --> 00:13:16,708 So, starting to look like, smell like, but we're not sure. 176 00:13:22,924 --> 00:13:25,586 Then the sub pilot spots a torpedo. 177 00:13:25,727 --> 00:13:29,094 We're right where it should get interesting 178 00:13:29,230 --> 00:13:30,857 and it is getting interesting. 179 00:13:30,999 --> 00:13:35,231 He's picked up a torpedo and debris right in the area 180 00:13:35,370 --> 00:13:41,104 where we'd expect the submarine to have impacted with the wall. 181 00:13:42,010 --> 00:13:45,741 Ballard feels they are getting close but they can't be sure of anything 182 00:13:45,880 --> 00:13:49,907 until they retrieve deepworker and take a look at the video tape. 183 00:14:01,963 --> 00:14:06,161 December 7th, 8:35 a.m. And the begining of a brief, 184 00:14:06,301 --> 00:14:08,997 twenty minute lull in the action. 185 00:14:11,873 --> 00:14:13,568 At airfiields all over the island, 186 00:14:13,708 --> 00:14:18,407 crews scrambled to clear the runways so American planes could get in the air. 187 00:14:21,916 --> 00:14:24,714 Anti aircraft guns were made ready. 188 00:14:27,288 --> 00:14:30,223 Field hospitals were set up to take care of the wounded 189 00:14:30,358 --> 00:14:32,451 many of them burn victims. 190 00:14:37,465 --> 00:14:42,425 The fiirst stories of individual acts of heroism began to make the rounds. 191 00:14:43,404 --> 00:14:46,965 One of them was about a mess attendant on the West Virginia 192 00:14:47,108 --> 00:14:49,406 named Dorrie Miller. 193 00:14:50,144 --> 00:14:53,079 Miller had carried the wounded captain of his ship to safety, 194 00:14:53,214 --> 00:14:57,742 then taken up a machine gun and shot down at least two Japanese planes. 195 00:15:10,398 --> 00:15:12,559 What made the story remarkable is that 196 00:15:12,700 --> 00:15:14,827 Dorrie Miller had never handled a machine gun, 197 00:15:14,969 --> 00:15:17,836 much less trained on one because he was black 198 00:15:17,972 --> 00:15:21,032 and like all African Americans in the 1941 Navy, 199 00:15:21,175 --> 00:15:23,905 restricted to the lowest ranking jobs. 200 00:15:29,951 --> 00:15:33,045 Fourteen men received America's highest military award 201 00:15:33,187 --> 00:15:34,085 the medal of honor 202 00:15:34,222 --> 00:15:38,886 for their heroism on that day but Dorrie Miller wasn't one of them. 203 00:15:42,263 --> 00:15:44,493 He got the Navy cross instead. 204 00:15:44,632 --> 00:15:47,567 The only reason why he didn't get the congressional medal 205 00:15:47,702 --> 00:15:49,067 is because he was black 206 00:15:49,203 --> 00:15:52,502 You know the Navy being what it was at that time 207 00:15:52,640 --> 00:15:57,407 you only could be a servant to the offiicers. 208 00:15:58,746 --> 00:16:01,146 He never gave any thought for his life or anything, 209 00:16:01,282 --> 00:16:06,310 he grabbed a machine gun and started blasting away over the side of the ship. 210 00:16:06,454 --> 00:16:10,447 What he did was courageous and many of us thought 211 00:16:10,591 --> 00:16:14,118 that man should have been given the congressional medal of honor" 212 00:16:17,498 --> 00:16:19,295 Two years after Pearl Harbor, 213 00:16:19,434 --> 00:16:21,925 Dorrie Miller died when his ship went down, 214 00:16:22,070 --> 00:16:25,130 torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. 215 00:16:36,050 --> 00:16:38,985 Pearl Harbor 8:55 a.m. 216 00:16:39,721 --> 00:16:42,155 The seas were still boiling with smoke and flame 217 00:16:42,290 --> 00:16:45,817 when the second wave of the Japanese attack struck the island. 218 00:16:51,833 --> 00:16:56,827 This time, 167 aircraft split into two main groups. 219 00:16:57,705 --> 00:16:59,764 One headed inland. 220 00:17:01,209 --> 00:17:05,771 The other hugged the eastern coast, and continued south to Pearl Harbor. 221 00:17:10,485 --> 00:17:13,420 But this time, the Americans fought back 222 00:17:44,552 --> 00:17:46,486 The smoke in the harbor was now so thick 223 00:17:46,621 --> 00:17:49,988 the Japanese pilots had trouble seeing their targets. 224 00:17:52,093 --> 00:17:54,561 One of their targets was the battleship Nevada, 225 00:17:54,695 --> 00:17:57,994 with a hole in her side, steaming toward the channel. 226 00:18:03,604 --> 00:18:06,630 Dive bombers honed in on the crippled giant. 227 00:18:06,774 --> 00:18:08,571 If they could sink the battleship now, 228 00:18:08,709 --> 00:18:12,145 it might block the channel and trap the fleet in the harbor. 229 00:18:14,916 --> 00:18:20,047 With all of these planes coming in when the, Nevada got under way 230 00:18:20,188 --> 00:18:22,156 the planes come in, dive bombing that. 231 00:18:22,290 --> 00:18:24,781 It looked like bees coming back to the hive. 232 00:18:24,926 --> 00:18:27,326 There were so many of them in there at one time 233 00:18:27,462 --> 00:18:30,556 that it was amazing that they didn't collide. 234 00:18:35,403 --> 00:18:37,166 With bombs falling all around, 235 00:18:37,305 --> 00:18:41,469 Nevada's commander was able to run his ship aground on hospital point 236 00:18:41,609 --> 00:18:45,067 which kept her from sinking and left the channel clear. 237 00:18:50,952 --> 00:18:53,216 By ten o'clock it was over. 238 00:18:53,354 --> 00:18:56,551 He second wave of attackers headed back to their carriers, 239 00:18:56,691 --> 00:19:00,092 leaving behind a shattered Pacifiic Fleet. 240 00:19:03,264 --> 00:19:14,232 December 7th 1941 a date which will live in infamy 241 00:19:14,909 --> 00:19:21,178 the United Sates of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked 242 00:19:21,315 --> 00:19:27,254 by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan 243 00:19:27,388 --> 00:19:32,087 The United States was at peace with that nation. 244 00:19:32,226 --> 00:19:35,161 On the mainland, Americans were stunned by the news 245 00:19:35,296 --> 00:19:37,093 they we're hearing from Pearl Harbor. 246 00:19:37,231 --> 00:19:42,498 Every American alive over 65 years of age can remember exactly 247 00:19:42,637 --> 00:19:46,835 where they were and what they were doing when they got the news. 248 00:19:46,974 --> 00:19:51,775 It was unifying event. It brought us together. 249 00:19:52,146 --> 00:19:54,444 Nothing else could have done it in that way. 250 00:19:54,582 --> 00:20:02,455 "And Attacked by Japan on Sunday December 7th 1941 251 00:20:02,590 --> 00:20:05,184 President Roosevelt addressed the Congress the following day. 252 00:20:05,326 --> 00:20:10,662 A state of war has existed 253 00:20:10,798 --> 00:20:15,997 between the United States and the Japanese Empire." 254 00:20:17,939 --> 00:20:19,338 And by December 11 th, 255 00:20:19,473 --> 00:20:22,374 the United States was at war with Germany and Japan, 256 00:20:22,510 --> 00:20:26,674 plunging it into a conflict that would forever change its place in the world. 257 00:20:35,590 --> 00:20:38,388 Back in Pearl Harbor, one problem survivors faced 258 00:20:38,526 --> 00:20:42,189 was notifying people back home that they were okay. 259 00:20:42,863 --> 00:20:46,390 The Navy told us that everybody sent a postcard home to your parents 260 00:20:46,534 --> 00:20:49,025 letting them know everything is all right. 261 00:20:49,170 --> 00:20:51,035 Well I got one of the last postcards out of there 262 00:20:51,172 --> 00:20:56,633 and I sent it home on December the 9th is exactly when I sent it home. 263 00:20:56,777 --> 00:20:59,041 And my mother didn't get that post card until February 264 00:20:59,180 --> 00:21:02,445 the fiirst week of February some time. 265 00:21:02,583 --> 00:21:05,575 I don't know why it took so long but that's what it did. 266 00:21:05,720 --> 00:21:08,052 She didn't know if I was alive or dead. 267 00:21:08,189 --> 00:21:11,056 When the mailman got the card at the post offiice, 268 00:21:11,192 --> 00:21:14,992 he closed down the offiice and ran all the way to my house. 269 00:21:15,129 --> 00:21:19,327 He woke my mother and step father up at 6:00 in the morning 270 00:21:19,467 --> 00:21:24,200 and told them, your son's ok Here's a card. 271 00:21:24,338 --> 00:21:26,738 Ha, I still have that card. 272 00:21:26,874 --> 00:21:31,311 My mom she couldn't be, believe it. 273 00:21:31,846 --> 00:21:34,110 I get emotional when I think about it. 274 00:21:34,248 --> 00:21:38,116 How she says she, she felt. 275 00:21:40,054 --> 00:21:44,650 I just don't know it just turns me on. 276 00:21:51,699 --> 00:21:55,135 Jack McCarron had been married to his high school sweetheart Roberta 277 00:21:55,269 --> 00:21:57,863 for seven weeks when the attack came. 278 00:22:00,041 --> 00:22:02,407 It wasn't until Christmas day that she found out 279 00:22:02,543 --> 00:22:05,876 what had happened to her husband who was stationed on the Arizona. 280 00:22:06,013 --> 00:22:09,676 The Navy Department deeply regrets to inform you that 281 00:22:09,817 --> 00:22:15,551 your husband John Harry McCarron, gunners mate second US Navy 282 00:22:15,690 --> 00:22:21,560 has been reported wounded in action in the performance of his duty 283 00:22:21,696 --> 00:22:24,722 and in the service of his country. 284 00:22:24,865 --> 00:22:27,333 This was received by me 285 00:22:27,468 --> 00:22:35,307 Christmas morning, 7 am, December 25th, 1941. 286 00:22:36,377 --> 00:22:44,182 Yuck You know I hate to say this but in my entire 81 years of living 287 00:22:44,318 --> 00:22:48,152 that was the worst time in my entire life 288 00:22:48,289 --> 00:22:51,781 was to have received this telegram. 289 00:22:51,926 --> 00:22:53,689 Because I had no idea 290 00:22:53,828 --> 00:23:00,666 whether or not my husband of 49 days was alive or dead. 291 00:23:02,803 --> 00:23:05,772 Lying in a hospital on Oahu, badly burned, 292 00:23:05,906 --> 00:23:10,934 Jack decided to spare his new wife the horror of seeing him again. 293 00:23:12,780 --> 00:23:19,310 I said tell Roberta to forget about me and go back to Saugus, 294 00:23:19,453 --> 00:23:30,261 cause you know I had been burned and I had my, I didn't look like me, 295 00:23:30,397 --> 00:23:36,063 I guess my face and my hair was only like a, you know, short. 296 00:23:36,537 --> 00:23:40,098 On top of which it being Christmas. 297 00:23:40,241 --> 00:23:44,200 I was 3000 miles away from my home. 298 00:23:44,345 --> 00:23:49,578 3,000 miles away from my husband. I didn't know anybody. 299 00:23:49,717 --> 00:23:58,250 I guess I never did write to you for, I didn't write to her for a long time. 300 00:23:58,592 --> 00:24:02,426 The state of shock I was in was almost as bad as his. 301 00:24:02,563 --> 00:24:08,024 Some time passed before I, I probably started coming out of it 302 00:24:08,169 --> 00:24:13,630 and I was aboard ship and you know I love this girl. 303 00:24:13,774 --> 00:24:21,681 And now I realize that if I was going to survive it would be with her. 304 00:24:26,654 --> 00:24:32,957 My friends and shipmates took me over to the sick bay at Ford Island. 305 00:24:33,093 --> 00:24:36,187 And they laid me alongside the bulkhead over there. 306 00:24:36,330 --> 00:24:42,496 I looked over another ship mate laying across from me against the bulk head 307 00:24:42,636 --> 00:24:46,800 and he was holding his intestines in with his hands. 308 00:24:46,941 --> 00:24:50,138 And he looked up at me 309 00:24:50,578 --> 00:24:54,241 and he said that it sure, war sure is hell isn't it, shipmate. 310 00:24:54,381 --> 00:24:57,748 And I said yeah it is. 311 00:24:57,885 --> 00:25:02,982 Well, lately I was diagnosed with stomach cancer 312 00:25:03,123 --> 00:25:06,957 and I don't fiigure I have too many more years to live 313 00:25:07,094 --> 00:25:14,899 and I thought that perhaps I might be a poor spokesman so to speak 314 00:25:15,035 --> 00:25:21,167 for my shipmates in telling my story so that they wouldn't be forgotten 315 00:25:21,308 --> 00:25:26,109 and that's the one and only reason that I came back 316 00:25:26,247 --> 00:25:28,807 And I'm a kind of a private person. 317 00:25:28,949 --> 00:25:31,315 It's been hard to do. 318 00:25:31,452 --> 00:25:35,183 But I think it was time that it needed to be told. 319 00:25:35,322 --> 00:25:38,814 And I think it has been well worth it. 320 00:25:38,959 --> 00:25:41,223 I, I feel a lot better now. 321 00:25:51,205 --> 00:25:52,934 It's the fiinal day of the search, 322 00:25:53,073 --> 00:25:56,975 and Ballard has had his machines in the water for hours. 323 00:25:57,111 --> 00:26:00,376 But he's not hopeful about the outcome. 324 00:26:00,514 --> 00:26:03,813 We're in the fiinal throes of this expedition. 325 00:26:03,951 --> 00:26:08,581 I mean today's the last day, we have two subs going in the water right now, 326 00:26:08,722 --> 00:26:11,452 but we're, you know it doesn't look good 327 00:26:11,592 --> 00:26:13,492 because we've looked at all the high priority sites 328 00:26:13,627 --> 00:26:15,527 and we haven't found the midget submarine. 329 00:26:15,663 --> 00:26:17,961 We're now out in the very low priority areas 330 00:26:18,098 --> 00:26:20,760 and that can go on forever because it's a big ocean. 331 00:26:20,901 --> 00:26:26,430 So I'd be very surprised if we succeeded today. 332 00:26:29,376 --> 00:26:31,970 Deepworker returns from its pass at the wall 333 00:26:32,112 --> 00:26:35,275 and is hoisted out of the water for the fiinal time. 334 00:26:56,704 --> 00:27:00,800 With it is a videotape of the debris it encountered. 335 00:27:01,241 --> 00:27:03,368 The news isn't encouraging. 336 00:27:03,510 --> 00:27:09,210 "We have a possibility but I'm personally not hope it... 337 00:27:13,854 --> 00:27:17,722 A quick review of the videotape confiirms Ballard's fears. 338 00:27:20,260 --> 00:27:21,557 On closer examination, 339 00:27:21,695 --> 00:27:24,687 what had looked to the sub pilot like a pile of batteries 340 00:27:24,832 --> 00:27:27,494 turns out to be something else. 341 00:27:27,634 --> 00:27:36,406 "Looks like anti aircraft gun clips isn't that what it looks like to you 342 00:27:40,781 --> 00:27:44,376 And the torpedo the pilot spotted has had its warhead removed 343 00:27:44,518 --> 00:27:47,578 so it can't be from the lost midget sub. 344 00:27:48,956 --> 00:27:54,223 You reach a moment when you know you're not going to succeed 345 00:27:54,361 --> 00:27:57,091 because you've given it the best shot 346 00:27:57,231 --> 00:28:00,462 you're going back over the same territory 347 00:28:00,601 --> 00:28:04,332 seeing the same targets for the second or third time. 348 00:28:09,810 --> 00:28:12,608 Well, we've found a bunch of junk 349 00:28:13,313 --> 00:28:18,012 We don't really have a defimitive set of objects 350 00:28:18,152 --> 00:28:24,421 that says that the submarine broke up but it could have. 351 00:28:28,429 --> 00:28:30,158 So... 352 00:28:35,035 --> 00:28:39,768 clearly the sub did not survive 353 00:28:41,208 --> 00:28:44,006 and did the ward play a role in its demise? 354 00:28:44,144 --> 00:28:46,772 Certainly it did. 355 00:28:46,914 --> 00:28:50,714 But how did it fiinally meet its end? 356 00:28:50,851 --> 00:28:53,217 Gloriously in battle in Pearl Harbor? 357 00:28:53,353 --> 00:28:56,584 Was it sunk by someone else later on? 358 00:28:56,723 --> 00:28:59,453 What was it's fiinal moments? 359 00:28:59,593 --> 00:29:02,619 And for now we don't know what they were. 360 00:29:11,939 --> 00:29:16,342 The mystery of what happened to the midget subs would have been even deeper. 361 00:29:16,944 --> 00:29:18,775 Had it not been for a surprise development 362 00:29:18,912 --> 00:29:22,814 on the morning of December 8th, 1941. 363 00:29:26,019 --> 00:29:27,418 In the early morning hours, 364 00:29:27,554 --> 00:29:32,287 a small submarine washed ashore on Oahu's east coast. 365 00:29:34,194 --> 00:29:37,686 It was the one piloted by ensign Kasuo Sakamaki 366 00:29:37,831 --> 00:29:41,562 the sub with the gyroscope problems. 367 00:29:43,437 --> 00:29:48,670 Sakamaki also washed ashore exhausted and delirious. 368 00:29:49,476 --> 00:29:51,910 He was captured before he could kill himself 369 00:29:52,045 --> 00:29:56,004 and thus became America's fiirst prisoner of war. 370 00:29:58,485 --> 00:30:01,977 Of the ten submariners who set out before dawn on the 7th, 371 00:30:02,122 --> 00:30:05,990 Sakamaki was the only one who survived. 372 00:30:09,429 --> 00:30:12,921 Historians have generally labeled the submarine mission a failure 373 00:30:13,066 --> 00:30:15,967 since only one midget that we know of entered the harbor 374 00:30:16,103 --> 00:30:20,767 and was sunk during the attack after fiiring two harmless torpedos. 375 00:30:22,476 --> 00:30:25,377 But analysis of a photo taken from a Japanese airplane 376 00:30:25,512 --> 00:30:29,471 just as the battle began suggests something else. 377 00:30:31,451 --> 00:30:36,388 It shows battleship row already under attack a few minutes after eight 378 00:30:36,523 --> 00:30:39,651 and in the water just beyond a shadowy shape 379 00:30:39,793 --> 00:30:42,489 that appears to be a small submarine 380 00:30:42,629 --> 00:30:47,862 and the wake of a torpedo aimed directly at the West Virginia. 381 00:30:52,539 --> 00:30:54,666 While some historians remain skeptical, 382 00:30:54,808 --> 00:30:58,938 that analysis could explain a message Dewa received on the night of the 7th 383 00:30:59,079 --> 00:31:02,537 more than twelve hours after the attack 384 00:31:03,750 --> 00:31:07,151 It came from his friend, ensign Yokoyama. 385 00:31:08,956 --> 00:31:11,618 "Successful surprise attack" 386 00:31:11,758 --> 00:31:14,352 Then silence. 387 00:31:22,569 --> 00:31:25,037 Yokoyama's sub never made the rendezvous 388 00:31:25,172 --> 00:31:27,834 and neither did any of the others. 389 00:31:34,114 --> 00:31:36,878 For years Dewa has wondered what happened to Yokoyama 390 00:31:37,017 --> 00:31:39,918 and all the others who didn't come back 391 00:31:40,821 --> 00:31:44,222 All he knows is that somewhere, in these waters they died, 392 00:31:44,358 --> 00:31:46,952 as they expected they would. 393 00:31:54,101 --> 00:31:57,161 Of course I hoped they would return, but the commander told me. 394 00:31:57,304 --> 00:32:00,967 If I come back I'll come back with a wolf as we say in Japan 395 00:32:01,108 --> 00:32:05,602 and put the mother sub in danger so I don't think they planned to return 396 00:32:05,746 --> 00:32:08,772 even if they had succeeded. 397 00:32:11,885 --> 00:32:13,546 Before he set out on his mission 398 00:32:13,687 --> 00:32:18,283 one of the submariers left behind a poem he'd written earlier that day. 399 00:32:20,594 --> 00:32:22,357 AS THE CHERRY BLOSSOMS FALL 400 00:32:22,496 --> 00:32:24,521 AT THE HEIGHT OF THEIR GLORY 401 00:32:24,665 --> 00:32:27,259 SO, TOO, MUST I FALL 402 00:32:27,401 --> 00:32:28,629 THAT MEN MAY CALL ME 403 00:32:28,769 --> 00:32:30,999 A FLO WER OF YAMOTO, 404 00:32:31,138 --> 00:32:33,003 THOUGH MY BONES LIE SCATTERED 405 00:32:33,140 --> 00:32:34,937 IN THE BLEAK WILDERNESS 406 00:32:35,075 --> 00:32:38,704 OF STRANGE AND DISTANT LANDS. 407 00:32:41,682 --> 00:32:46,210 On the last day of his visit, Dewa asks to see the Arizona memorial 408 00:32:46,353 --> 00:32:51,552 to pay his respects to the Americans who died on December 7th. 409 00:32:57,664 --> 00:33:01,156 America and Japan must have had their reasons for starting a war. 410 00:33:01,301 --> 00:33:04,862 But after coming here and seeing the waves of the Pacifiic 411 00:33:05,005 --> 00:33:07,599 I question why we had to go to war. 412 00:33:07,741 --> 00:33:10,403 Japan and the United States are brothers. 413 00:33:10,544 --> 00:33:13,104 Pacifiic peace is world peace. 414 00:33:13,246 --> 00:33:17,808 This trip has made me feel that together we must protect it. 415 00:33:23,523 --> 00:33:25,923 Jack McCarron and Carl Carson are also there 416 00:33:26,059 --> 00:33:29,722 to remember their ship and their shipmates. 417 00:33:52,919 --> 00:33:58,323 Underwater, the National Geographic camera prowls through the empty ship, 418 00:33:58,458 --> 00:34:01,552 these are the fiirst images of the offiicer's quarters. 419 00:34:01,695 --> 00:34:05,825 Images from a another era, frozen in time. 420 00:34:11,204 --> 00:34:15,573 A bathroom, with it's regulation soap dish. 421 00:34:25,185 --> 00:34:30,145 An offiicer's deskits papers still arranged in their pigeon holes 422 00:34:35,061 --> 00:34:40,021 a washbasin now fiilled with sand beneath a shaving mirror 423 00:34:48,742 --> 00:34:54,009 For Jack McCarron, the pictures of his old ship are almost too painful to bear. 424 00:34:56,616 --> 00:35:01,644 "For over 40 years over 40 years I couldn't 425 00:35:01,788 --> 00:35:07,556 if I was asked I couldn't talk I didn't talk about it, 426 00:35:07,694 --> 00:35:11,562 I didn't think about it, I had erased it from my mind 427 00:35:11,698 --> 00:35:13,996 I didn't have any memories, 428 00:35:14,134 --> 00:35:15,965 I really didn't 429 00:35:18,872 --> 00:35:21,670 I saw that barnacles on that doorknob, 430 00:35:21,808 --> 00:35:26,404 and the lights overhead, and I thought 431 00:35:27,047 --> 00:35:30,881 who was that offiicer down there, did he survive? 432 00:35:31,017 --> 00:35:36,421 At one time that knob was real nice and shiny 433 00:35:36,556 --> 00:35:39,354 and he turned on that light to read. 434 00:35:39,493 --> 00:35:43,395 I don't remember the ship as that." 435 00:35:56,109 --> 00:36:01,513 The legacy lives on in a Navy ship called the U.S.S. Pearl Harbor. 436 00:36:15,729 --> 00:36:19,961 For survivors, a journey on this ship is a chance to see the advances 437 00:36:20,100 --> 00:36:23,558 that have taken place over the decades 438 00:36:28,475 --> 00:36:33,105 and to participate in some things that never change. 439 00:36:44,858 --> 00:36:46,257 Wandering through the galley, 440 00:36:46,393 --> 00:36:51,831 Clark Simmons recalls his service in the segregated Navy of 1941. 441 00:36:52,766 --> 00:36:55,963 There was only one duty open to you. 442 00:36:56,102 --> 00:36:59,094 And that was serving the offiicers. 443 00:37:02,676 --> 00:37:09,411 I've been very impressed by the achievements of the black Americans 444 00:37:09,482 --> 00:37:13,418 abord the ward the young ladies. 445 00:37:13,553 --> 00:37:18,889 Some of the leading pay off abord the ship of Black Americans, 446 00:37:19,459 --> 00:37:23,486 I don't know the word should put it, how happy I am to see 447 00:37:23,630 --> 00:37:26,758 the things that they have done 448 00:37:32,339 --> 00:37:34,432 For veterans like Charles Christiensen, 449 00:37:34,574 --> 00:37:37,042 this is a chance to pass on the legacy of the battle 450 00:37:37,177 --> 00:37:40,112 to a new generation of sailors. 451 00:37:41,247 --> 00:37:45,183 'Oh, I look at them and I see me when I was eighteen when I joined 452 00:37:45,318 --> 00:37:48,287 I was nineteen when the attack went off. 453 00:37:50,624 --> 00:37:52,091 I can't even imagine it. 454 00:37:52,225 --> 00:37:56,286 I mean I can't imagine if I would panic or not. 455 00:37:56,429 --> 00:37:59,523 I can't imagine my world being turned upside down, 456 00:37:59,666 --> 00:38:01,930 and my whole world to be on fiire. 457 00:38:05,372 --> 00:38:09,809 For three days after the attack the Arizona continued to burn. 458 00:38:13,346 --> 00:38:17,180 The fiinal totals from the surprise assault were staggering. 459 00:38:20,086 --> 00:38:26,821 More than 2400 deaths and almost 1200 wounded. 460 00:38:29,596 --> 00:38:33,623 21 ships of the U.S. Pacifiic Fleet had been sunk or damaged, 461 00:38:33,767 --> 00:38:36,895 including all eight battleships. 462 00:38:43,076 --> 00:38:47,035 Over 300 airplanes had been put out of commission. 463 00:38:51,117 --> 00:38:54,712 Admiral Yamamato had accomplished everything he set out to do 464 00:38:54,854 --> 00:38:58,483 except destroy the American aircraft carriers. 465 00:39:00,193 --> 00:39:05,324 And in the fiighting to come, that would proved to be a critical failure. 466 00:39:09,602 --> 00:39:12,469 One of the best things that ever happened to the United States was 467 00:39:12,605 --> 00:39:15,972 our carriers were not involved in the attack 468 00:39:16,109 --> 00:39:18,304 Yamamato sank battleships. 469 00:39:18,445 --> 00:39:23,508 The battleship was not the queen of the seas any longer after that day. 470 00:39:23,650 --> 00:39:26,483 From now on it's the aircraft carrier. 471 00:39:26,619 --> 00:39:33,388 And the attack on Pearl Harbor for all of the losses of live, 472 00:39:33,526 --> 00:39:37,428 which comes fiirst of course, and the losses of ships, 473 00:39:37,564 --> 00:39:41,694 they didn't sink any aircraft carriers and that made, 474 00:39:41,835 --> 00:39:46,829 what was already a very bad mistake on Japans part even worse. 475 00:39:49,676 --> 00:39:51,735 But perhaps the greatest miscalculation was 476 00:39:51,878 --> 00:39:55,211 how the defeat would affect the American fiighting spirit. 477 00:39:55,348 --> 00:39:59,648 Instead of a crippling blow, it became a rallying cry. 478 00:40:01,788 --> 00:40:05,087 The next morning, the fiire was still burning, 479 00:40:05,225 --> 00:40:08,160 and there was the ships, some of them not for sure 480 00:40:08,294 --> 00:40:11,320 some of them still had the flag flying from yesterday, 481 00:40:11,464 --> 00:40:13,295 and at 8 o'clock guess what? 482 00:40:13,433 --> 00:40:16,596 These ships were sitting there in the mud, 483 00:40:16,736 --> 00:40:20,502 its time to raise the flag and there's the American flag flying, 484 00:40:20,640 --> 00:40:22,767 everything is fiine. 485 00:40:31,351 --> 00:40:34,377 And then the Americans went to work 486 00:40:37,524 --> 00:40:38,821 Every ship that had been hit 487 00:40:38,958 --> 00:40:42,485 except the Arizona, Utah and Oklahoma was refloated, 488 00:40:42,629 --> 00:40:45,962 repaired, and put back into service. 489 00:40:48,668 --> 00:40:51,262 Many would take part in the battles yet to come 490 00:40:51,404 --> 00:40:55,602 Guadalcanal, Iwo Jima, Okinawa 491 00:40:57,310 --> 00:41:00,677 And so would the men who survived that day. 492 00:41:01,548 --> 00:41:04,847 I grew up in the Navy. I learned a lot. 493 00:41:04,984 --> 00:41:09,683 When I came out of the Navy I was 6ft even, weighed 200lb. 494 00:41:10,557 --> 00:41:12,047 I actually grew up. 495 00:41:12,192 --> 00:41:15,753 I learned to be, you could say, a man. 496 00:41:19,933 --> 00:41:22,094 When I walk with the Pearl Harbor survivors 497 00:41:22,235 --> 00:41:26,194 especially when I have my uniform on I walk very proud. 498 00:41:26,339 --> 00:41:30,776 I represent the country and I will represent it 'til the day I die. 499 00:41:30,910 --> 00:41:34,778 And I will always be proud to be part of it. 500 00:41:39,152 --> 00:41:42,713 Well Pearl Harbor to me is like beginning a new life. 501 00:41:42,856 --> 00:41:48,761 I may be a certain age but it seemed that I was reborn that day. 502 00:41:51,965 --> 00:41:54,331 Pearl Harbor survivors are special. 503 00:41:54,467 --> 00:41:58,198 They have a feeling for each other and for their country. 504 00:41:58,338 --> 00:42:05,471 They have a comradeship that is not matched anywhere in the civilian world. 505 00:42:05,612 --> 00:42:07,273 The only people that I've ever met 506 00:42:07,413 --> 00:42:12,510 that have that kind of comradeship are foxhole buddies. 507 00:42:12,652 --> 00:42:15,177 These guys were in foxholes together, 508 00:42:15,321 --> 00:42:20,486 It's not a feeling of 'we showed them,' it's not a feeling of triumph. 509 00:42:20,627 --> 00:42:26,429 It's a feeling of we did it together, we were there, and that's what matters. 510 00:42:33,406 --> 00:42:38,002 It's kind of a hallowed place. It's very beautiful. 511 00:42:39,445 --> 00:42:43,609 I'm amazed that it's this beautiful. 512 00:42:43,750 --> 00:42:47,083 And I understand that this millions of visitors every year 513 00:42:47,220 --> 00:42:49,950 that come by to pay their respects to my shipmates. 514 00:42:50,089 --> 00:42:54,651 To a lots of them I know a lot of them they were just names 515 00:42:54,794 --> 00:42:59,128 but to me they'll always be my shipmates. 516 00:43:11,744 --> 00:43:13,541 I don't think we'll ever be done with Pearl Harbor. 517 00:43:13,680 --> 00:43:15,739 I think Pearl Harbor is like Gettysburg, 518 00:43:15,882 --> 00:43:20,012 it's like Appamatox its like Lincoln's assassination it's like Yorktown 519 00:43:20,153 --> 00:43:23,680 and the surrender to General Washington. 520 00:43:23,823 --> 00:43:27,315 God help our country if it's ever forgotten.