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 Dr Robert Jay Lifton THE NAZI DOCTORS:
                        Medical Killing and the
                            Psychology of Genocide ©
 
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Notes to Pages 28-38  
 
(The numbers in brackets refer to the original, complete citation of a particular reference in each chapter. The dates in brackets denote original publication of a title.)  
 
22. Robert Wistrich, Who’s Who in Nazi Germany (New York: Macmillan, 1982), p. 261. See also B. Schultz, “Ernst Rüdin,” Ärchive für Psychiatrie und Zeitschrififür Neurologie 190 (1953): 189-95. 
23. Judge Goetzand Wagner quoted in JAMA 106 (1936):1582; party paper in JAMA 105 (1935): 1051. 
24. Rudolf Ramm, Äiztliche Rechts- und Standeskunde: Der Arzt als Gesundheitserzieher, 2d. rev. ed. (Berlin: W. deGruyter, 1943), pp. iv, 43, 79-80.  
25. Ibid., pp. 101, 135. 
26. Ibid., pp. 154-56.  
27. Ibid. See Kurt Blome, Arzt im Kampf Erlebnisse und Gedanken (Leipzig:J.A.Barth, 1942). 
28. Bernward J. Gottlieb and Alexander Berg, Das Antlitz des Germanischen Arztes in vier Jahrhunderten (Berlin: Rembrandt-Verlag, 1942), pp. 3, 51-52. 
29. Joachim Mrugowsky, “Einleitung,” Christoph Wilhelm Hufeland, Das ärztliche Ethos:Christoph Wilhelm Hufelands Vermächtnis einer fünfzigzährigen Erfahrung (Munich and Berlin: J. F. Lehmann, 1939), pp. 14-15, 22; see pp. 7-40. 
30. Hanns Löhr, Über die Stellung und Bedeutung der Heilkunde im nationalsozialistischen Staate (1935), quoted in George L. Mosse, ed., Nazi Culture: Intellectual, Cultural and Social Life in the Third Reich (New York: Grosset & Dunlap, 1968), p. 229. 
31. Ernst Grawitz, ed., Hippokrates: Gedanken ärztlicher Ethik aus dem Corpus Hippocraticum, vol. I: Ewiges Arzttum (Prague, Amsterdam, Berlin, and Vienna: Volk und Reich Verlag, 1942), p. 5. 
32. Werner Leibbrandt, 27 January 1947, Nuremberg Medical Case, vol. II, p. 81
33. Ramm, Ätztliche Standeskunde [24], p. 19. On the Nazis’ related elevation of pain, see Michael H. Kater, “Medizinische Fakultäten und Medizinstudenten: Eine Skizze,” in Fridolf Kudlien, ed., Ärzte im Nationalsozialismus (Cologne: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1985), p. 93. 
34. Nuremberg Medical Case, vol. I, p. 58.  
35. Ramm, Ärztliche Standeskunde [24], pp. 80-83.  
36. Mrugowsky, “Einleitung” [291, pp. 9-10, 14-  
37. George L. Mosse, Masses and Man: Nationalist and Fascist Perceptions of Reality (New York: Fertig, 1980), p. 81.  
38. Quoted in Karl Dietrich Bracher, The German Dictatorship: The Origins, Structure and Effects of National Socialism (New York: Praeger, 1970 [1969]), p. 232. 
39. See Kater, “Medizinische Fakultäten” [33] pp. 82-92. 
40. Michael H. Kater, “Hitlerjugend und Schule im Dritten Reich,” Historische Zeitschrift 228 (1979):609-l0. 
41. Michael H. Kater, The Nazi Party: A Social Profile of Members and Leaders - 1919-1945, (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1983), pp. 112, 134-35. 
42. Bracher, Dictatorship [38], pp. 247-48. 
43. Wistrich, Who’s Who [22], p. 330.  
44. Heinrich Class, quoted in Lucy S. Dawidowicz, The War Against the Jews, 1933-1945 (New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1975), p. 36. 
45. Alfred D. Low, Jews in the Eyes of Germans: From the Enlightenment to Imperial Germany (Philadelphia: Institute for the Study of Human Issues, 1979), pp. 371-72.  
46. Ibid., p. 371.  
47. Kater, Nazi Party [41], p. 342 n. 180; Kater, "Medizinische Fakultäten" [33], pp. 94-95. 
48. Heinrich Lammers, quoted in Geoffrey Cocks, Psychotherapy in the Third Reich: The Goring Institute (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985), p. 91. 
49. Opening statement by Chief Prosecutor Telford Taylor, 9 December 1946, Nuremberg Medical Case, Vol. I, p. 57.  
50. JAMA 100 (1933): 1877. 
51. Taylor’s statement [49], vol. I, pp. 57-58. 
52. Bracher, Dictatorship [38], pp. 268-69.  
53. See Kater, “Medizinische Fakultäten” [33], pp. 94-104. 
54. JAMA 113 (1939): 2163.  
 
THE NAZI DOCTORS:
Medical Killing and the
Psychology of Genocide

Robert J. Lifton
ISBN 0-465-09094
© 1986
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