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Table 3.2
Phytochemicals in Food |
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Food in Which Naturally Found |
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Stimulate detoxification enzymes that break down carcinogens. |
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Plant fiber of citrus fruit |
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Shown to inhibit metastasis in prostate cancer by competing with tumor cell surface galectins, which are essential for successful establishment of secondary tumor cell colonies. |
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Sulfur-containing compounds, sulforphane |
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Cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, cauliflower, kale, brussels sprouts, and other members of the cabbage family), onions |
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Garlic, onions, leeks, chives |
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Increase the production of glutathione S-transferase and other enzymes that enhance carcinogen excretion. |
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S-allylmercaptocysteine (SAMC) |
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Detoxifies hormones and carcinogens. |
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Trigger the formation of glutathione S-transferase, which may prevent carcinogens from damaging a cell's DNA. |
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Grapes, strawberries, raspberries, pomegranates |
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A polyphenol scavenger of carcinogens; prevents alteration in the DNA of cells. Also inhibits lung tumorigenesis induced by nicotine-derived nitrosamines. |
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Enhances production of enzymes that make carcinogens more water-soluble. |
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