RIFE RAY CANCER TREATMENT AND MYCOPLASMAS IN CANCER AND AIDS draft paper by Alan Blood P.O. Box 128 Nathan 4111 Brisbane Australia -------------------------------------------------------------------------- ABSTRACT This article reviews the theory that mycoplasma and other bacterial organisms may be involved in masking of surface antigens and a number of other immunosuppressive and carcinogenic effects in cancer and in AIDS. The second section discusses the theory of Rife-type electric field oscillators as a medical treatment. We discuss the possibility that modulated induced high frequency oscillating microcurrents on membrane surfaces may remove or disrupt the masking (eg by hCG) of tumour antigens and also of white blood cells. Simultaneously there may be proliferation and hyperactivity of white blood cells caused by cytokine stimulation response. The synergy of these two effects may enhance the restoration of anti-tumour antigen immune recognition and attack in cancer, and possibly other immunosuppressive pathways could also be disrupted. If the bacterial forms associated with cancer or pre-cancer pathology can be successfully attacked in this type of treatment, their immunosuppressive effects could be eliminated as well, although this has not been demonstrated in vivo. It is believed that these hypotheses may account for unconfirmed reports of rapid clinical remissions by Johnson et al prior to WW2, and later by Hamer *22, as well as claims for other types of modulated or pulsed oscillator devices. An appendix section discusses some uncertainties of interpretation of forms observed in live blood,and suggestions for new investigations. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- BACKGROUND FACTS ON MYCOPLASMAS Mycoplasmas have several features which are different from other bacteria. They have no true cell wall. They have a very small number of genes (genome), around 10 times smaller than typical bacteria such as e. coli, and about the same size as the more complex types of virus. There are many classes and species of mycoplasma. They are believed to have had a common ancestor with the Gram-positive Orders of bacteria. Evolutionary studies on RNA suggest that mycoplasmas may be degenerate forms whose origins may be the hybridization of L-forms of early gram-positive types of bacteria. Mycoplasmas show a large degree of genetic diversity and it seems that they also have a high rate of mutation, possibly because of the loss of protection of a true cell wall. The most researched species is the one which causes atypical pneumonia in humans. Mycoplasmas are also known by the name Pleuro-pneumonia like organisms (PPLO). They can divide like typical bacteria, or alternatively they can assume adult forms where nuclei continue to divide inside a single growing cell enclosed by a sheath. Sometimes multiple adult forms develop partly fused together to give a variety of shapes. At maturity the "adult" form can burst to release viable elementary bodies or "seed forms". These can be extremely small, (viable free forms around 0.3 micron), and they can pass through fine filters which do not allow bacterial forms through. For this reason they have been called filterable bacteria. Because of this characteristic, A.Kendall in 1931 incorrectly proposed a theory of a pleomorphic cancer virus, since filterability is a characteristic of virus. Despite the differences from other bacteria, today none of the many types of filterable bacteria are classed as virus, because they all have true cell phases which virus do not have. Some mycoplasmas are harmless commensal populations of mouth or genitals. Others can also be pathogens which can live inside white and red blood cells, especially in AIDS. Sometimes in AIDS the flask-shaped species including newly observed M.Fermentans Incognitus strain can grow fine threads which can bud from the ends. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- IMMUNOSUPPRESSION Since 1920, a number of researchers have isolated and cultured mycoplasmas from a variety of cancerous tissue *1. Various forms may often be observed in fresh blood in cancer and in AIDS in dark-field microscopy *2. A pin-prick test can gauge cancer risk even before tumour formation (*3), by looking for these forms, as well as spots within red blood cells. Though often dismissed as an opportunistic infection, it may be that micro-organisms play a causative and contributing role in cancer *4,7. The link between mycoplasmas and cancer was first indicated by research showing tumour formation in animals injected with mycoplasmas, as well as their presence in microscopic observations of cancer tissue (*1,4). Some of the observations of cell-like or spore-like forms have been claimed not to be bacteria, but rather membrane fragments, and researchers interested in the Rife approach ought to be aware that in some observations this may well be the case. On the other hand, some forms isolated from cancer, or observed in cancer or AIDS blood are undoubtedly bacterial. Kendall and Rife announced a pleomorphic cancer virus, a theory still supported by Rife "true believers". This article points out that their early observations of the filterable bacterial forms were not in fact virus, but rather of mycoplasmas or of cell-wall deficient bacteria. Over the years a variety of names and phylogeny have been suggested for the cancer isolates. Recent film demonstrations by various independent researchers were shown at the World Cancer Congress, including high resolution Somatoscope footage by G. Naessens. The phases of the organisms suggest that at least some of them may be mycoplasmas, but the distinction between these and the cell-wall deficient forms (cwdf) of other bacterial species is still not entirely clear. Other interpretations, ie of host membrane fragments (Url), and of Endobiont forms (Enderlein) need to be acknowledged. (See appendix discussion). Note also the probability of sexual and blood transfusion transmission of the more pathogenic species eg M. Fermentans, M. Penetrans, and M. Pirum and their putative role in AIDS and/or cancer. Kleineberger-Nobel noted that mycoplasma (PPLO) could proliferate in a stressed host *6. Observations suggest that a lowering of immune competence as a result of an episode of grief can lead to cancer in an 18 month timeframe *3. We can reasonably postulate that mycoplasma or other bacterial proliferation subsequent to immune depression may induce cancer. Evidence of carcinogenic effects and a variety of immunosuppressive effects from mycoplasmas have been presented in the literature, and hCG secretion by other species isolated from cancer have been reported by Acevedo et al. Naessens has postulated that in a healthy host the so-called "Somatid" organisms are found as a commensal population of underdeveloped coccoid and sometimes rod forms whose growth factor secretions are controlled by humoral response. He claims that where immune function becomes sub-optimal, an increase in the concentration of the secretions may stimulate development of the advanced multinuclear adult forms, and may also stimulate host cell growth *7. Naessens claims that his observations lead him to the conclusion that once a tumour acheives a "critical mass", nearby white blood cells appear to become paralyzed, and thus the immune system cannot recognize or challenge the abnormal cells. He attributes this effect to the secretion of "Co-carcinogenic K-factor" by the tumour mass. This interpretation is echoed in findings that immune system natural killer cell activity is suppressed via hexosamine formation via deacetylase from N-acetyl aminosugars in tumour cells. It has been reported that human growth factors can stimulate kinase release within human cells leading to cancer. Some mammal and prokaryote growth factors are quite similar, and it has been suspected that "mimic" bacterial growth factors may induce cancer subsequent to local chronic infection. Indeed mycoplasma secretions have induced nuclear transformations in animal fibroblast cell lines in vitro (*4,20), although the mechanism is unknown. In one such study viral infection and DNA transfection had been ruled out *9, The question of whether mycoplasma growth factors can be cancer causing must be considered, however there is no conclusive evidence to verify this theory. Transformed (cancer) cells should normally be attacked by white blood cell mediated immune response, but we assume that they may proliferate where there is antigen masking. A healthy immune system can recognise and attack transformed cells, but on the other hand most human tumours tend to attract only weak immune response. This paradox has been one of the central unsolved mysteries of cancer research. Recently research has isolated a cancer cell protein antigen which has been named malignin. Also an antibody level test was developed *16. [Note: the immune systems antibodies attach to antigens as homing signals for immune cells to locate and destroy the antigens.] Other reviews confirm some antigens on cancer cells coded by genes which are normally dormant. It was noted however that the malignin antigen could often be covered over by polysaccharide substances, thus reducing the antibody contact or white cell recognition site contact with the malignin antigen. This observation raises the questions a) to what extent are mycoplasma polysaccharide secretions, eg galactan, involved in the masking phenomena, especially prior to tumour formation; and b) to what extent are hCG secreting bacteria or their cell-wall deficient forms responsible for antigen masking and local immune suppression. Cancer cells secrete their own growth factor but require a certain critical level of its concentration in the interstitial fluid to trigger division. It has been demonstrated that cultured cancer cells need a critical mass of neighbours (in culture tests) before they can build up sufficient concentration to trigger cell division*9. Therefore it is not unreasonable to postulate that in some circumstances a single transformed cell may not proliferate alone without a boost from bacterial secretions which mimic host growth factors. In 1972 V Livingstone-Wheeler discussed the discovery of "Choriogonadotropin"-like secretions from cultured human cancer mycoplasmas. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is secreted by the trophoblast and chorion in pregnancy. It is also secreted by human cancer cells. Cancer research has pondered two important questions in regard to this and other similarities between zygote cells and cancer cells. One question is in relation to the mechanism of how the zygote brings about maternal immune tolerance; herein may lie the secret of cancer cells defense against immune system attack. The other question relates to how the chorion induces blood vessel growth, and whether this can help us understand angiogenesis. CG-like secretions from bacteria may play some role in immune suppression. H F Acevedo reported a direct correllation between hCG levels in normal pregnancy, chorionic carcinoma and hydatit mole versus Immunoglobin levels and a number of other immune cell standards. He has also demonstrated a correlation of human cancer cell lines to metastasize in nude mice models to the degree of hCG expression of the cell line. Later we discuss Acevedo's isolation of CG secreting "abnormal" bacteria from cancer. At the point of tumor creation, before there is any significant tumour cell secretion, we may postulate that bacterial secretions are involved in the prevention of immune response against newly transformed cancer cells *7. According to a review by Macomber, CG-like substances (*19) contain sialic acid residues which may increase membrane negative charge by adhesion to cell surfaces of cancer, trophoblast, sperm and T-cells. This results in more protection of the above cells and of the mycoplasmas. CG adhesion to white blood cells may interfere with receptor binding in immune recognition. A role of electrostatic repulsion has been postulated as inhibiting white blood cell response against transformed cells*4. Other immunosuppressive pathways are briefly discussed. At this point I would remind the reader that the dominant research finding is that cancer cells secrete hCG. Therefore much of the relevant reseach on hCG in cancer will have been investigating this connection. However the possibility of a similar model of immunosuppression arising from CG secretion of bacterial origin has generally not been considered. Bogoch recently completed research which developed a useful malignin antibody test. Malignin is a tumour antigen which seems to be universal to most cancer types. The protein antigen is part of the cell membrane. Bogoch notes that this protein antigen is often covered over by polysaccharide substances, implying antigen masking. High levels of antibody correlated well with survival. Conversely, low levels correlated with progressive disease and mortality. In some cases the marker was subsequently shown to be present before clinical observation of cancer. It is not clear whether general immunosuppression causes a failure to mount an immune response against tumour antigens, or whether antigen masking is to blame. It seems likely that both play some role in the pathology of cancer, and that they are interrelated. Instead of a covering cell wall, mycoplasmas can protect themselves by making a slime covering. They can secrete considerable quantities of polysaccharide substances. Some reviews have noted what appears to be the ability of mycoplasmas to alter their secretion products. Also some lipid-associated membrane proteins can change the expression and size of the antigen molecule with high frequency. A variable expression genetic system has been elucidated for this type of control of membrane antigens. It is possible that because these antigen molecular patterns are not constant, they can to some degree elude immune response. Other workers have reported that some mycoplasma galactan polysaccharide secretions bind antibodies, and inhibit destruction by immune cells. Other research notes the detection of unusual products in mycoplasma infected helper T-cells. It is probable that if the helper cells fail to secrete IL-2, (a required "second message") that there can be no T- cell activation against tumour antigens. Some mycoplasma species can cause membrane damage via cytadsorbtion by localised peroxide and nitrous oxide secretion. Some "flask- shaped" species can live inside white blood cells to escape immune attack *9. Naessens has also filmed the migration of small rod forms between red cells. Note that epithelial basal membrane degradation has been suggested as a likely first step in angiogenesis, followed by growth factor- like chemotactic signals from the tumour inducing blood vessel capilliary growth. A question arises regarding a possible contributing role of local damage and /or growth promotion by mycoplasmas in tumor growth. The outgrowth of threads from the flask-shaped species may also be pertinant to this question. Once established, many types of cancer cells create their own immunosuppressive effects, eg secretion of substances similar to p15-E retroviral proteins, which have anti-immune effects probably including blocking macrophage chemotaxis pathways *4, 24. In addition, tumour secretion of histamines has been shown to be immunosuppressive, and more importantly, a stimulant for more cancer growth. (This is now treated with Cimetidine in bowel cancer at Sydney's St George hospital) *17. Tumour lactic acid metabolism also creates gross effects and liver load. The immunosuppresive effects of tumour secretion make it difficult to acheive a healing response, and are the target of various approaches in immunotherapy. But even before tumour formation, we can postulate that mycoplasma proliferation may have triggered and supported the initiation of cancer. Therefore methods to improve immune strength, eg nutrition, should be considered as a preventative approach *3. Livingstone-Wheeler used autologous vaccines against the patient's own mycoplasmas along with BCG (an anti- TB serum) as cancer therapy *11. In 1982 success in cancer control was reported in animal vaccination with CG-beta subunit with tetanus toxoid and adjuvants *9. It may also be possible to develop vaccines with isolates from sarcoid tissue and in Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) in AIDS *27. Cantwell has reported acid - fast bacteria in KS. Recent studies have been in conflict as to whether mycoplasmas can be isolated from KS tissue. Various other means could be considered to therapeutically attack mycoplasmas, eg specific antibiotics or drugs. Naessens developed a method to inhibit some cancer cell secretions by lymphatic injections of 714X camphoramine *7. Mycoplasmas are inhibited by anionic detergents *18, and therefore saponific plants may be useful. Perhaps this is why yucca, a cactus, has become a traditional remedy. Natural substances which stimulate natural killer cell activity have been reported, as well as substances which stimulate T-cell activity against tumour cells probably by IL-2 stimulation. THE USE OF ELECTRIC FIELD OSCILLATORS IN MEDICINE In the 1920's Royal R.Rife of San Diego (*21, 22) developed an audio-pulsed radio frequency electric field oscillator which produced an audio intermittent or square wave modulated radio frequency (r.f.) oscillating electric field set up in an electrode gap within a large spherical gas plasma tube output fired by an overmodulated a.m. signal *12. In the area near the tube, the visible so-called "Rife Ray" was claimed to be able to kill or affect motility of various pathogens at modulations of audio frequencies specific to each species. It could be that this claim may in fact only apply to wall-less or abnormal-walled organisms. Rife made visual and film observation through a special high magnification micro-polariscope of his own design. In some cases Rife claimed to have observed membrane rupture of bacteria. In 1995 James Bare produced film showing the process of rupture of some Paramecia in a sample using a variant design of the Rife device as a result of exposure to the Rife Ray for over 45 seconds *13. However this film should not be interpreted as fully verifying Rife's claims, since it was necessary to visually track forms of abnormal morpholgy to capture the rupture event, and other cells in the sample did not rupture. Modified Phanotron gas tubes are now available which have been driven by conventional 100W transmitter/ linear amp/ tuner * 13. The most powerful c 1935 Rife design was reported to be driven by a 500 W transmitter with a 8000 V signal. Whether this Voltage was an r.f. peak value or power supply value is not clear. We could assume that an electron or negatively charged particle in the body of the patient experiences an attraction to the anode. The amplitude of the force of attraction varies at r. F. Hydrogen ions and other positive ions will experience forces in the opposite direction. Therefore we assume that in the area near the tube, all charges will experience some induction due to local electric field perturbation at r.f. We also assume that most induced current flow will occur on membrane outer surfaces, just like r.f. current concentrated on the outside surface of a cable. Because the audio modulated intensity falls away to a low or zero amplitude for about half the audio cycle, membranes experience a switching from surface current or excited state to relaxed state at audio freqeuncy. This may equate to an audio oscillation of charges from interior to exterior of the local membrane. Various speculations as to the mode of biological effect follow, but note that testing of various claims has not been undertaken. Recent research has suggested that at least some cells ion pumps utilizing ATP for energy run at fixed frequencies from 1kHz to 1 Mhz *19. The claimed Rife mortal oscillatory rate effect on bacteria (m.o.r. effect) may conceivably be caused by ion pump failure by electrical resonance when subject to synchronized oscillator output. On the other hand such a phenomenon could in theory adversely affect animal cells, but the treatment was claimed to be safe for humans. However claims have been made by Crane of parasite killing (ie worms at 20 Hz modulation). Post-treatment effects of weakness or illness have been reported, but have been attributed to toxin release, or may be a symptom of fever-like immune hyperactivity. An alternative explanation may be that postulated by Pappas, ie that the cells plasma membrane exhibits different electrical resistance depending on the direction of current flow, and that the efficaciousness of pulsed h.f. magnetic or electric field oscillators lies in generating ion dispersion in tumour cells such that there is an increment of one- way charge movement at each modulation pulse. Thus cells revert to normal type membrane potentials, and thus lose the mitotic condition at low potential, as well as becoming more susceptible to immune system attack. *28. Pappas also claims that weak-walled and wall-less bacterial samples have been killed by his coil magnet device. This latter recent observation seems to be in agreement with Rife's claims of success in killing pleomorphic forms. (These were of major interest to A.Kendall and E. Rosenow). Rife claims effective modulation values at 2127 Hz for carcinoma and 2008 Hz for sarcoma. I was interested to read Giannni Dotto (who developed the patented Dotto Ring in 1975 in USA) mention 2000 Hz frequency as a sort of cell self- tuning frequency, but no explaination was expounded. Recently I studied nerve impulse action potentials in unmyelinated nerve cell axons. Sodium channels open quickly, followed more slowly by potassium channels which counter the sodium flow-induced potential change. (These types of channels are Voltage-gated). It just so happens that peak depolarization occurs 0.5 ms after the initiation of the action potential. Therefore a 2000 Hz modulated excitation would trigger sodium flow like a diode current, but potassium flow would not get a chance to "kick in". In addition to the concept of an antibiotic effect, it has been noted that various electrical oscillatory applications can cause the stimulation (*13) of white blood cells, probably by causing cytokine secretion, similar to what the blood does near the site of a wound. This effect may be of particular importance to encouraging immune recovery by recognition and response to cancer cells. It has been claimed that after electrotherapy white blood cells are observed to undergo rapid multiplication and to become hyperactive for about 18 hours until dying off. It may be that binding sites or electrostatic bonds of CG-like secretions and possibly other polysaccharide substances may be broken by induced or transduced electric oscillating currents. If this is the case, then the combined effect of white cell hyperactivity and their access to newly exposed tumour antigens may engender an immune recovery. In trying to develop a theory to explain the claimed anti-cancer effects of oscillators of quite different designs and outputs developed independently by various different innovators, it has seemed to me most likely that in all cases an immune recovery is engendered somehow by means of induced microcurrents. The role of hCG secreted by tumour cells, and the possible role of other bacterial secretions, must be prime suspects in immunosuppressive mechanisms. The dispersion of these slimy coatings by modulated high frequency (h.f.) local membrane microcurrents would firstly expose tumour antigens, and secondly the coatings on T- cells would also be dispersed. Activation of the helper T-cells would be necessary to provide IL-2 "second message". This may occur naturally, or alternatively IL-2 therapy may prove a useful adjunct. Also IL-2+ genetically engineered anti-tumour activated autologous CD8+ T-cell therapy as outlined by D M Pardoll may be useful. Wheeler's vaccine method may be of use, but her clinic was closed down by an ever- vigilant FDA. Modern research is also investigating vaccine therapy against cancer. In searching for a means to kill Kendall's mycoplasmas, Rife learned to force the aggregation of viable mycoplasmas isolated from cancer tissue by an r.f. stressing technique, using a corkscrew or helical plasma tube as a test tube holder, and driven with unmodulated r.f. Thus a mycoplasma sample in a test tube could be positioned so that one electrode was above and the other below the sample. The aggregation or clumping occurs because cells stick together under r.f. fields. In the case of samples of wall-less organisms it is likely that the elementary bodies will completely fuse. The motile aggregates could then be imaged, and a lethal audio resonant frequency was determined by tests with the Rife Ray. Tumour formation after innoculation with mycoplasmas was claimed to have been prevented by Rife Ray treatment. In hindsight the latter conclusion may be open to criticism. It is true that innoculation of cancer bacterial isolates (mycoplasmas) will induce tumours, and that effective antibacterial treatment after innoculation may prevent the tumour growth. However the link between the cancer microbes and human cancer is not universal as Rife and Kendall were tempted to believe. There are other possible scenarios besides mycoplasma infection which could trigger cancer. Kendall's culture technique required a pork gut medium, and we could suspect that his culture organisms were contaminants. However their capacity to induce tumours by innoculation is still significant. Modern research has verified that pure cultures of mycoplasma isolates do indeed cause tumours by innoculation. AIDS DISCUSSION A significant number of AIDS patients are infected with mycoplasmas, and it was thought that these were opportunistic infections after HIV immunosuppression. A new strain named M. Fermentans Incognitus has been discovered in some 17 % of cases. CD-4 binding sites on the membrane of M. Incognitans have been discovered, which means that the virus can be transported by Incognitans, and it has been argued that the AIDS syndrome may in at least some cases be a co-infection based on the sexual transmission of mycoplasmas. A revealing series of experiments with monkeys shows that innoculation with HIV-1 alone will not kill monkeys, probably because this virus is human specific. However when injected with M. Incognitus alone, monkeys showed wasting syndrome, and death within 7 to 9 months. One in vitro experiment showed that a specific cell group infected with both M. Arginini and HIV-1 showed HIV-1 expression at a rate 40 times greater than a control with HIV-1 only. If this is the case in vivo in AIDS, the mycoplasma co-factor link should not be ignored.We may postulate mycoplasma infection and various immunosuppressive effects as contributing to the disease process. Therefore the therapeutic treatment of mycoplasmas in AIDS eg by specific antibiotics may be useful. Interestingly, Bob Beck claims that transduction electrotherapy of the blood prevents the capacity of the HIV virus to attach to the CD-4 surface receptors of helper T-cells which is necessary for AIDS virus reproduction. * 14. An interesting article appeared in an Australian newspaper describing how a farmer suffering the long term effects of Ross River virus was pushed into an electric fence by a playful calf only to discover that his symptoms were relieved. A neighbour with the same affliction thought he'd try his luck, and was also rewarded with respite of symptoms! Unfortunately it is unlikely that any "anecdotal " claims of this kind will attract any follow-up research. The mycoplasma-cancer link may be disputed on the grounds that less than half of cancer or AIDS cases have yielded mycoplasma isolates. However we contend that the question of a link in some cancer pathways is is still open. Even if the Mycoplasma infections in AIDS are indeed late-comers to the disease, their contribution to the disease may be significant. CLINICAL NOTES In his cancer treatment Rife set a protocol of 3 minute exposures with 3 day rests in order to allow toxin elimination. There may be some danger of kidney failure or lesion hemmorrage in cases of breakdown of tumour masses, *23 . In many cases surgury or the other tumour destructive therapies may be indicated prior to Rife treatment. For bleeding it may be appropriate to administer Tributyrate *26. Where live blood observation indicates pre-cancer pathology, Rife treatment may similarly unmask the bacterial forms and T-cells, thus engendering anti-mycoplasma immune response. A reduction of mycoplasma population, particularly of the advanced phases, could eliminate the source of immunosuppression, which would be considered a major cancer risk factor. Because the emphasis is on immune response, various natural therapies, exercise, vegetable juices, anti-oxidant vitamin and mineral supplements, herbs, nutritional protocol, replacement of refined salt by sea salt, etc, medical immunotherapies and even psychotherapy are considered necessary adjuncts to the Rife therapy. REFERENCES *1 T.J. Glover, M. J Scott, 1925; Wuerthle-Caspe et al 1953 etc; See Refs in *4 von Bremer 1938, Enderlein 1954 etc; See Refs in *7 *2 Enby, Url; World Cancer Congress 1994. Naessens; WCC 1995 *3 Kostler, Url; WCC 1995 *4 P. B. Macomber, 'Cancer and cell wall deficient bacteria', Medical Hypothesis, U.K. 1990 32, 1-9 *6 E. Kleineberger- Nobel , 'PPLO' *7 G. Naessens, COSE, Film,'Somatidian Orthobiology' ref http://www.cose.com/enhome.htm *8 Torture et al, 'Introduction to Microbiology' *9 'Recent Advances in Mycoplasmology', 1988 QR 201.M97 I57 1988 pp 145 pp 202-212 *11 V. Livingstone-Wheeler,'Conquest of Cancer' also, 'Microbiology of Cancer'.... a compendium of papers. *12 A. Blood 'The Rife Ray Cancer Treatment', http://www.europa.com/~rsc/ablood1.htm also correspondence on Rife microscope: http://www.europa.com/~rsc/tech.htm *13 J. Bare: httpp://www.rt66.com/~rifetech.htm http://www.rt66.com/~rifetech/kaboom.avi [email protected] *14 Beck, ref links http://www.europa.com/~rsc/[?] *15 W. Barnes, WCC 1995 *16 Bogoch, San Francisco Medical Research Foundation. "An accurate test for cancer" http://www.newagenet.com/LightParty/ProjectHealth/DETECT.html *17 ABC TV Australia, "Quantum" program Nov 1996 *18 Biology of Mycoplasma, Smith p. 195 QR352.S65 1971 *19 Acevedo et al. "Immunodetection of CG-like antigens in bacteria isolated from cancer patients" *20 Diller I.C. Diller W.F. "Intracellular acid fast organisms isolated from malignant tissue" Trans Am Microscop Soc 84:138 1965 also in *11b. *21 Barry Lynes "The Cancer cure that worked" *22 Mark Simpson "The Rife Way III" *23 Wilhelm Reich "The Cancer Biopathy" *24 Cianciolo G.J. "Antiinflammatory proteins asssociated with human and murine neoplasms." Biochem Biophys Acta 865:69, 1986. *25 Rios A, Simmons R.L. "Immunosuppressive regression of various syngeneic mouse tumours in response to neuraminidase-treated tumor cells." JNCI 51:637, 1973. *26 Tributyrate by Swedish Pharmaceuticals, US. H.Cederberg, WCC 1994. *27 Cantwell A, "The Cancer Microbe". *28 Pappas P.T and Wallach C, "Effects of pulsed magnetic field oscillations in cancer therapy".