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In the Fight
Against:
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Basically, the origin of diseases can be considered from two cellular aspects: the lack of biological fuel needed by the cell’s power plants, the mitochondria, or a failure in the function of the nucleus, the metabolic control center of the cell. 1. Lack of biological fuel in the power plants of the cell (mitochondria). Coronary heart disease, for instance, is mainly caused by an insufficient supply of biological fuel in the form of vitamins and other cell factors to the cell. These nutrients are needed for the conversion of food into cellular energy, which is used by the cell in many metabolic reactions. A perfect example for this is heart failure, which is caused by a lack of bio-fuel in the cells of the heart muscle. With low energy production the pumping function of the heart muscle becomes impaired, causing shortness of breath and the accumulation of fluids in the body. Generally the supply of vitamins and other bio-energy fuel will soon correct this. 2. Diseases caused by a problem in the cell’s metabolic program. The second largest cause of diseases in general is an error in the metabolic software of the cell’s control center, the nucleus. Like a computer virus that will disrupt a computer’s normal functions, cells can come under the control of a disease program. The most important diseases in this group are infectious diseases (such as virus infections) and cancer. This faulty programming will only lead to a disease when two preconditions have been met: a) programming order causes uncontrolled “cell multiplication”, and at the same time b) programming order causes a “disruption of the organization of the surrounding connective tissue”, which enables the diseased cells to spread. The mechanisms that facilitate the spread of these aggressive diseases and the possibilities of slowing down or stopping their progress will be discussed later in detail.
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If we want to understand how disease spreads in the body, we have to take a look at the way the cells move through a body. This is easy to explain in the case of red and white blood cells: these cells are just carried along in the blood stream. However, it is more difficult to imagine how cells composing other organs can move through a body’s strong connective tissue. This happens constantly every second inside our bodies. In order to move through the connective tissue, any cell has to be capable of temporarily dissolving the surrounding tissue – the collagen and elastic fibers – and so it can make its way through. For this purpose the cells use enzymes that can temporarily digest and weaken the connective fibers surrounding them. All enzymes are proteins, which are produced by the cells themselves and then secreted. In order to become active, many enzymes bind to other specific molecules, such as trace elements, which chance their biochemical structure and induce their activity. Cellular migration through dense tissue requires that the cell secrete enzymes that can dissolve the surrounding collagen. This is why these protein molecules are known as collagen-dissolving enzymes. In addition, the cell often needs to secrete activators – the molecules that can vitalize dormant enzymes located outside the cell, thereby enabling them to digest and loosen up the surrounding collagen molecules. For easy understanding, we show collagen-dissolving enzymes with red Pac-man™! characters. Further scientific details regarding the pathway of enzymatic activation stages can be found in the Question and Answer chapter at the end of the book. |
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Most cells of the body are capable of producing enzymes that can “eat” their way through connective tissue. In healthy people this takes place in certain, biologically defined physiological stages. In the case of a disease this happens when cells and cellular systems become reprogrammed. Cancer cells, for instance, use these “biological weapons” to multiply inside an organ and then spread through the entire body (metastasis). Viruses and other micro-organisms also use this collagen-dissolving “weapon” to spread an infection to other parts of the body. How is it possible that a single disease mechanism – the destruction of collagen by protein-digesting enzymes – is of such extraordinary value that is plays a vital role in all serious diseases? The body itself uses the same mechanism in a healthy person for its normal functions, in various metabolic pathways or to restructure some organs. For instance, enzymatic degradation of the connective tissue is important in the function of the body’s immune system during growth, but also in the restructuring of the reproductive organs during the monthly female cycle and in pregnancy. However, our bodies are completely helpless when the mechanism that is normally uses becomes activated and abused, such as by invading microbes. As soon as the virus or cancer cell is capable of overcoming the body with its own collagen-dissolving weapons, the disease starts spreading aggressively. To explain this fundamental principle that distinguishes our health from disease, we will look how the body uses this collagen-solving mechanism to perform its normal physio-logical functions.
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Restructuring of Collagen in
Healthy People | |
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One of the most fascinating functions in which the body continuously uses a collagen-dissolving mechanism is the ovulation process in the female body. Monthly hormonal changes in the first half of the female cycle stimulate certain cell types (granulocytes), which build the wall around the ripening egg cell (follicle). These cells produce large amounts of fluid that is rich in collagen-digesting enzymes. In the middle of the cycle, the ripened egg contains so much collagen-digesting enzyme that it is capable of temporarily disrupting the collagen tissue of the ovarian wall. This is the mechanism that operates every month, allowing the egg cell to move from the ovary through the fallopian tube and into the womb (uterus). It is understandable that this mechanism needs to be precisely times and be confined to a specific location. This mechanism must assure that only one egg per cycle ripens and passes through. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary that collagen-digesting enzymes remain in a timely and physiological balance with the mechanism that blocks these enzymes and initiates self-healing of the tissue. Immediately after the egg cell has left the ovary, the activity of collagen-digesting enzymes is blocked by the body’s own enzymatic blocks. This shifts the balance toward collagen-producing mechanisms, which become prevalent over the collagen-destroying process. Using this mechanism the tissue of the ovary wall can heal quickly and close itself. Four weeks later, during the next cycle, the whole process repeats itself, taking place in the body of every healthy woman until menopause
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| Degradation of Collagen as a
Precondition for the Spread of Diseases | |
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The collagen-dissolving mechanism plays an important role in infectious diseases. Without the disruption of the surrounding connective tissue, the agents that cause diseases (viruses, bacteria) cannot invade the body and spread the disease. The illustration on the next page demonstrates how this mechanism is used in the development on an influenza infection. Contrary to all other cells, which contain both metabolic software (in the nucleus) and hardware (production system for protein and other metabolic molecules), a virus consists only of software (genetic information). If it wants to repro-duce it has to multiply inside a host cell using the host cell’s hardware. In the case of a flu virus, the host cell can be a cell of the mucous membrane in the nose, throat, or lungs. As soon as the virus has invaded the host cell, it incorpo-rates its genetic information into the nucleus of the host. This allows the virus to convert metabolic functions of the host cell for its own purposes and spread the infection through: 1. Multiplication of the virus. The metabolic production system of the host cell receives an order to multiply the virus particles. After multiple reproduction cycles, virus particles are released by the host cell into the surounding area where the newly made viruses can invade new cells. 2. Mass production of collagen-dissolving enzymes. The virus also orders the host cell to produce collagen-di-gesting enzymes. The host cell excretes these enzymes, which start to dissolve the surrounding tissue. The infection can then easily spread to other parts of the body. The more a virus is capable of using the metabolism of a host cell for these purposes, the faster a virus infection will spread and the sicker a patient will feel. |
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All forms of cancer spread with the help of the tissue-dissolving mechanism. This illustration shows an example of the development of liver cancer.The liver is the body’s central metabolic organ and is responsible for neutralizing and removing toxins from the body. Of the toxins that enter the body through the diet, such as pesticides, preservatives are the most common cause of liver cancer. Also, all pharmaceutical drugs have to be detoxified by the liver. In this context, in January 1996, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) issued a warning that all cholesterol-lowering medications (statins) used on the market at that time were carcinogenic (causing cancer). Liver cells that are exposed to these poisonous substances can either be destroyed or permanently damaged. This damage often involves an error in the genetic program of the cells (cell’s software), similar to what we have seen in virus infections. This damage can trigger two processes that facilitate the development of cancer: 1. Uncontrolled cell multiplication. The software of a cancer cell is reprogrammed in such a way that it causes constant reproduction and multiplication of the cell. This uncontrolled cellular multiplication is the first precon-dition for cancer to develop. 2. Mass production of collagen-dissolving enzymes. The second precondition is the production of enzymes that destroy the surrounding connective tissue that would otherwise keep the cancer cells confined. Research has established that the more enzymes a cancer cell produces, the more aggressively the cancer develops. The faster the cancer can spread through a body, the shorter the life expectancy of the patient if the mechanism is not stopped. |
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The collagen-dissolving mechanism also plays a decisive role in the spread of cancer and the growth of secondary tumors in other organs or parts of the body (metastasis). The illustration shows the metastasis of a liver tumor.Small blood vessels provide oxygen and nutrients to tumor cells. The walls of these blood capillaries are no obstacles for a cancer cell. With the help of collagen-dis-solving enzymes, a cancer cell can “eat” its way into the lumen of the small blood vessel and into the blood stream. The blood can then carry away cancer cells, by which they can spread and invade other organs.The obstacles for the cancer cell in the blood stream are small lung capillaries that supply oxygen to the blood. The diameter of these capillaries is smaller than a hair, so the cancer cell attaches itself to the wall of the capillary and “eats” its way in with the help of collagen-dissolving enzymes. This way the cell can invade the lung tissue. In the lung, the cancer cell starts to multiply and develop into a secondary tumor, the metastasis. Inside the lung the same kind of tumor will now grow as the original one did in the liver. The same rule applies to the development of secondary tumors: the more collagen-digesting enzymes a specific cancer cell can produce, the faster secondary tumors will develop – not only in the lungs but also in other organs – and the more ill a patient will become. |
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Collagen-digesting enzymes also play a crucial part in the spread of other diseases. The picture shows an example of a long-term inflammation of the knee joint (chronic arthritis). The body’s defense cells play a crucial role in the fight against inflammation. As you already know, the defense cells belong to the group of white blood cells (leukocytes). Because of their function, these cells are often called the “police cells”. Especially important in this group in the battle against “foreign” substances and also in the “clearance of the inflammation battlefield” are the so-called “eating cells” (macrophages). What happens if an inflammation continues for a long time, for example because the invaders’ attack is too powerful and the body engages too much of its police cells? The result is that the eating cells secrete high quantities of their “defense substances” over a long period of time. This defense weapon consists not only of collagen-digesting enzymes but also of a load of free radicals. As we saw in the example of the lung infection, the police cells use collagen-destroying enzymes to move through thick connective tissue to get to the area of infection. If the immune system’s battle at the site of the inflammation takes too long, huge amounts of collagen-dissolving enzymes are secreted, creating a problem: the inflammation will erode the connective tissue and turn into a chronic (long-term) process. Chronic inflammations are not simply restricted to bone joints but can also be found in all organs of the body. What is important is that, independent of the organ where the in-flammation takes place, the body will always use the same defense cells and mechanisms. |
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During the growth of atherosclerotic plaques (deposits), even in advanced stages of atherosclerosis, the process of collagen destruction plays an important role. It is generally known that, as in the sailor’s disease scurvy, the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis is a lack of vitamins in the arterial wall. As a result of this vitamin deficiency the arteries of the heart weaken, which triggers a repair process to stabilize the wall of these blood vessels. Initially, the body mobilizes fatty particles (lipoproteins) and other repair molecules from the blood to deposit them in the weakest areas of the arterial wall. When these repair measures become insufficient the weakening arterial wall is further stabilized through an uncontrolled growth of the cells that build the vascular wall. These cells, called smooth-muscle cells, migrate from the outermost cell layer of the artery to the area that contains atherosclerotic fatty deposits. These muscle cells have to move through a very strong and dense intermediate layer of collagen fibers and connective tissue – the basal membrane. In order to do that, smooth-muscle cells produce collagen-digesting enzymes that can make the collagen soluble and let them pass through the basal membrane and move in the direction of the plaque. Naturally, the effective approach in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis is to preserve the integrity of the artery walls, which can be achieved through an optimal supply of vitamins. In the next part of this book we will discuss the mechanisms that can block the disintegration of collagen in a natural way.
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| Natural Prevention of Collagen
Degradation and the Purpose of Enzyme-Blocking Therapy
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In the previous chapters we have learned about the role of collagen dissolving in facilitating the spread of diseases through the body. The activation of this collagen-dissolving mechanism is a precondition for the development of aggressive diseases such as cancer and microbial infections. Apart from that, this mechanism plays an important role in all diseases that progress to advanced stages. Every therapeutic possibility that will halt this mechanism or even slow it down will therefore be one of the most important therapeutic successes in the field of medicine. Nature itself provides us with two large groups of molecules that can block collagen digestion and its dissolving actions. The first group is the body’s intrinsic enzymatic block that can stop the action of collagen-digesting enzymes in a few moments. The second group is the enzyme-blocking substances that come from our diet or as dietary supplement. The most important one in this group is the natural amino acid L-lysine. When lysine is supplied in a sufficient amount as a dietary supplement, it can block the anchor sites in the connective tissue that collagen-digesting enzymes use to attach themselves to the tissue. This way lysine prevents these enzymes from uncontrollably disintegrating connective tissue. This is illustrated on the next page: while the cells still produce high levels of collagen-digesting enzymes, in the presence of lysine these enzymes are no longer effective in breaking down collagen. Therefore, uncontrolled destruction of collagen and connective-tissue structure can be prevented. This way the spread of diseases can be slowed down or stopped. | |
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All metabolic functions in the human body are controlled by biological language. To date, some twenty amino acids are known, and these compose all the proteins in our bodies. These building blocks of life function like the letters of the alphabet. Our body uses various combinations of amino acids to create innumerable biological words (pep-tides) and sentences (proteins). Separate amino acids (letters) also have important “individual” metabolic functions, and lysine is a prime example. The cells of the body can produce most amino acids themselves. These amino acids are called nonessential. However, there are nine known amino acids that our body cannot produce, and they have to be supplied through the diet. These amino acids are called essential (needed for life). Within the group of essential amino acids, lysine plays a similarly important role as vitamin C does within the vitamin group. The daily requirement of lysine surpasses that of all other amino acids. Among its many functions, lysine is the basic building block of the amino acid carnitine, which is important for energy metabolism in every cell. The fact that the human body can store a large amount of this amino acid is proof enough of its importance for our health. About 25% of collagen, the most abundant and important structural molecule of bones, skin, blood vessel walls, and all other organs, consists of two amino acids, lysine and proline. As the summary on the next page shows, a person weighing 70 kg has about 500 g (1.1 lb.) of lysine stored in the body at all times. An overdose of lysine is as impossible as an overdose of vitamin C. Our metabolism is familiar with handling large amounts of lysine, and it will simply excrete the molecules that are not used. Rather, the opposite is generally the case: almost all people suffer from a chronic deficiency of lysine. |
| How much lysine
can our bodies handle? • human body weighing 70 kg contains about 10 kg of proteins. • 50% of this protein mass is present as the connective tissue proteins, collagen and elastin • The amino acid lysine forms about 12% of the collagen and elastin mass, which means some 500 to 600 g. • A human body weighing 70 kg. therefore contains about 1.1 lb. (500 . of lysine. Since our bodies are accustomed to such large amounts of lysine, taking 4 oz. or 8 oz. of lysine daily as a dietary supplement should not be considered an "overdose." |
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We have already learned that enzyme activity can be blocked with the body’s own molecules and with those supplied through the diet, such as with lysine. The body’s own block (enzymatic inhibitor) is the first line of defense that assures the balance among the body’s systems and keeps them in check. In the illustration, green arrows represent the enzyme block produced by the body. Lysine molecules have the same function but are the second line of defense, ready to step in when the body’s own systems are insufficient. The lysine block cannot overshoot its goal, not even when taken in high amounts, such as 4 oz. or 8 oz. a day. A second important fact that you will find in the illustration is the balance between the collagen-dissolving mechanism (red) and its blocking mechanism (green) during sickness and health. In normal conditions these systems are in perfect balance. When “police cells” are wandering through the body, the balance is disturbed. But the healthy body then restores the balance within moments. In cancer and other previously described diseases, this balance becomes disrupted in favor of the collagen-dissolving mechanism. Because the natural cellular mechnisms cannot sufficiently block the collagen-disintegration process, a high-dosage dietary supplement of lysine is the only possible therapy to stop or to slow down this process. The goal of this therapy is to correct the disrupted balance with a long-term high concentration of lysine to block disintegration. |
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Efficient control of the spread of a disease by collagen-dissolving enzyme blocks has been successful with several diseases. This is especially important in diseases for which orthodox medicine has no preventive or healing therapies yet. This includes the forms of cancer illustrated on the next page. To date there are hundreds of studies that have established that a high-dosage supply of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and other dietary supplements can prevent several forms of cancer. You can find more information on this subject in the literature listed in the bibliography. A supply of vitamins in high dosages forms the basis for every current cancer therapy. Vitamin therapy has achieved therapeutic success in hormone-independent forms of cancer, whereas in hormone-dependent forms of cancer the natural therapies have been either hardly effective or not successful. Now, for the first time we have at our disposal an effec-tive form of a natural therapy, which is based on blocking the enzymatic destruction of collagen. As it was seen in the example of ovulation, these collagen-dissolving enzymes are in particular activated by hormones; therefore the use of lysine in high dosages can be effective in treating all forms of cancer. In 1977, a Swedish research group led by Dr. Astedt from the University of Lund reported about the successful treatment of breast cancer with enzyme blocks: “Secondary tumors were already developing in the brain of the patient with breast cancer. Radiation and chemotherapy were without results. While under the treatment with enzymatic blocks the brain metastasis and other symptoms of the illness began to diminish. One year after the treatment the patient was free of complaints. This patient was treated with tranexamic acid, a synthetic derivative of the natural amino acid lysine. This chemically modified form of lysine is many times stronger than the natural substance; it is artificial and can be used on prescription only. High dosages of lysine will have a similar result but without the side effects associated with the use of tranexamic acid. In the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), July 11, 1977, the same research group presented spectacular successes in the treatment of ovarian tumors. Even in very advanced cases – with secondary tumors in other organs – the enzyme-blocking therapy led to the encapsulation of the tumors, stopping them from spreading further. In 1980, a group of scientists from the University of Tokyo led by Dr. Suma published the following: “The treatment was successful in a patient with ad- vanced, inoperable ovarian cancer. The disease had al-ready caused secondary tumors and fluid accumulation in the stomach. Even in this advanced stage the cancer was brought to a standstill with the help of enzyme block therapy.” The researchers had observed the de-velopment of the disease for several years and closed the case as follows: “Three years after the start of the treatment the patient had no more complaints.” By far the most common form of cancer in women is breast cancer, followed by the uterine and ovarian cancers. The physiology of the breast tissue and its hormonal restructuring during the monthly cycle makes it particularly prone to cancerour transformations. If there is some kind of disturbance in the regulatory mechanism, the tissue slips toward steady restructuring, which can eventually lead to an uncontrolled growth of tissue and the forming of tumors. Considering the fact that in Europe alone hundreds of thousands of women die of this form of cancer every year, the question poses itself: Why does it take so long before safe and potentially successful forms of therapy, such as enzyme-blocking therapy, are generally applied? The answer is simple: Cancer and chemotherapeutic drugs are the second most lucrative market for the pharmaceutical indus-try after the heart disease market. The global market for chemotherapeutics alone makes a profit of over a hundred billion dollars a year. This is why the pharmaceutical industry has no interest in the development of therapies that could put an end to cancer. Even in the few cases when the blocking of collagen-digesting enzymes was studied, only synthetic derivatives of lysine were used. The reason is also economical: contrary to the natural substance lysine, its chemical forms could be patented and could therefore be profitable for the pharmaceutical business. A wider use of even these patented substances could also mean the end of cancer. For years the first successful reports on this new therapy have been ignored by the pharmaceutical industry. It was only in 1992, with the publication of my scientific research, that the meaning of this medical breakthrough and the therapeutic use of lysine in all fields of medicine have become known (pp. 54-55). wer is simple: Cancer and chemotherapeutic drugs are the second most lucrative market for the pharmaceutical indus-try after the heart disease market. The global market for chemotherapeutics alone makes a profit of over a hundred billion dollars a year. This is why the pharmaceutical industry has no interest in the development of therapies that could put an end to cancer. Even in the few cases when the blocking of collagen-digesting enzymes was studied, only synthetic derivatives of lysine were used. The reason is also economical: contrary to the natural substance lysine, its chemical forms could be patented and could therefore be profitable for the pharmaceutical business. A wider use of even these patented substances could also mean the end of cancer. For years the first successful reports on this new therapy have been ignored by the pharmaceutical industry. It was only in 1992, with the publication of my scientific research, that the meaning of this medical breakthrough and the therapeutic use of lysine in all fields of medicine have become known |
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The therapeutic applications for lysine in the fight against disease are not restricted to cancer. It can be used in the natural treatment of many other diseases for which orthodox medicine has not yet found a solution. Diseases that can be treated with high dosages of lysine are listed in the table on the next page. In atherosclerosis, lysine can help in stopping the spread and growth of deposits (atherosclerotic plaques) in the arteries of the heart and brain. At the same time, with the help of vitamins and other dietary supplements, a natural healing process of the arterial walls can commence. In infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as flu, herpes, and AIDS, or caused by bacteria, such as lung, inner ear, and bladder infections, lysine can stop or slow down an aggressive spread of infection. A combination of high dosages of vitamin C and other dietary supplements can bring additional benefits. Even in the case of chronic inflammation of the stomach, intestines, joints, and bones the use of lysine can help keeping the inflammation in check. Effective treatment of chronic inflammation involves the use of high dosages of lysine combined with other important dietary nutrients. Even very common allergic problems, such as hay fever, neurodermatitis, or nettle rash, can benefit from the use of lysine, which can relieve the illness or prevent it. In these cases I also recommend combining lysine with vitamin C and other dietary supplements. |
The breakthrough in the treatment of cancer and other serious diseases could have been established long ago, saving the lives of millions of people. The following is a list of studies that found evidence of the successful application of blocking collagen-dissolving enzymes. Please note that most of these publications are over 10 years old, and some are even over 25 years old! These early research data were also known to the pharmaceutical industry, since in some studies artificial lysine derivatives were used. Yet the prospect of ending cancer and other serious diseases also meant the end to enormous profits for the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, further research in this field has been neglected in order not to en-danger a billion-dollar market of chemotherapeutics and other expensive pharmaceutical drugs. First publications on various aspects of enzyme-blocking therapy: Skin cancer (melanoma): Bramsen, T. (1977) Effect of tranexamic acid on choroidal melanoma. Acta Opthalmologica 56: 264-269. Ovarian cancer: Soma, H., Sashida, T., Yoshida, M., et al. (1980) Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with fibrinolytic inhibitor (tranexamic acid). Acta obstetrica et gynecologica scandinavica 59: 285-287. Astedt, B., Glifberg, I., Mattson, W., et al. (1977) Arrest of growth of ovarian tumor by tranexamic acid. JAMA 238: 154-155. Sigurdsson, K., Johnsson, J.E., Trop, C. (1983) Tranexamic acid for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. Acta obstetrica et gynecologica scandinavica 62: 265-266. Cervical cancer: Larsson, G., Larsson, A., Astedt, B. (1987) Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in normal, dysplastic and cancerous squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 58(3): 822-826. Allergic swelling (angioedema): Blome, G. (1972) Treatment of hereditary angioneurotic oedema with tranexamic acid. A random double-blind cross-over study. Acta Medica Scandinavica 192: 293-298. Sheffer, A.L., Austen, K.F., Rosen, F.S. (1972) Tranexamic acid therapy in hereditary angioneurotic oedema. New England Journal of Medicine 287: 452-454. Marasini, B., Cicardi, G.C., Martignoni, G.C., et al. (1978) Treatment of hereditary angioedema. Klinisches Wochenschrift 56: 819-823. Nettle rash (urticaria): Martens, B.P.M. (1984) Clinical Experience with tran-examic acid in urticaria and angioedema. British Journal of Dermatology 111: 481-482. Chronic intestinal inflammation (colitis ulcerosa): Hollanders, D., Thomson, J.M., Schofield, P.F. (1982) Tranexamic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 58: 87-91. Rheumatism: Werb, Z., Mainardi, C.L., et al. (1977) Endogenous activiation of latent collagenase by rheumatoid synovial cells. New England Journal of Medicine 296: 18. | |
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When you have reached this point in the book, you will undoubtedly ask yourself, “Is the medical world on the wrong track with their cancer therapy?” My answer would be, “Yes!” The conventional treatment of cancer involves surgery, radiation therapy, and especially chemotherapy. None of these therapies has been proven to extend the life of a patient. This means that these therapies have been used for decades even though physicians know that it will not heal the disease and will often even accelerate it. Constantly pressured by the pharmaceutical industry, patients are offered no options until they agree to chemo-therapy. Chemotherapy means poisoning the cells. The pharmaceutical industry sells this cell poison with the argument that it will damage the cancer cells. What they do not tell patients is that all the other cells of the body are damaged as well. Thus chemo-poisoning of the bone marrow – the place where new blood cells are produced – will lead to anemia and an increased susceptibility to infections. Chemo-poisoning of the mucous membrane cells of the gastrointestinal tract will lead to diarrhea and intestinal bleeding. The damage to hair follicles leads to extreme loss of hair. Instead of strengthening the body’s immune system to help fight the cancer, the chemotherapy will paralyze it. Chemotherapy’s side effects require the additional use of other, new medication, such as antibiotics, plasma replacement drugs, painkillers, cortisone, and many more. The last weeks or months of life for the patients undergoing cancer therapy are like the pharmaceutical industry selling them a Cadillac Eldorado. I cannot think of any doctor I know who would choose to undergo chemotherapy in case of cancer. It is not just ordinary people that end up in the dead-end street of conventional medicine, as we see in the example of King Hussein of Jordan. Convinced that he was receiving an excellent treatment for his leukemia (blood cancer), King Hussein moved to one of the citadels of the Pharma-Cartel, the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, New York. We all know the result: the chemotherapy destroyed the king’s bone marrow. In order to replace it, a bone marrow transplant was required, which King Hussein did not survive. The chemotherapy, propagated by the Pharma-Cartel, killed the king faster than the actual disease would have. The exact same thing has happened to the former First Lady of Russia, Raisa Gorbachowa. Her leukemia was likewise treated with chemothe-rapy, again in a citadel of the Pharma-Cartel, in Munster, Germany. Before the bone marrow transplant could even take place to save some of the damaged cells, an infection set in which proved to be fatal. |
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In 1992, I published the progress of Cellular Medicine for the first time in a scientifically founded work called Plasmin-induced proteolysis and the role of apoprotein(a), lysine and synthetic lysine analogs. I asked Nobel laureate Linus Pauling to be my co-author and to support the far-reaching results of my work. For the first time in the history of medicine it was clear that: • Not only cancer and some selected diseases, but also practically all known diseases use the collagen-dissolving mechanism to spread through the body. • The collagen-dissolving mechanism plays an important role in the formation of plaques in advanced atherosclerosis. • The use of high-dosage lysine or lysine derivatives can slow down or halt the spread of almost every disease. The fact that lysine in combination with vitamin C can stabilize the connective tissue in the body is a medical breakthrough in the control of many diseases so far considered incurable. • The widespread use of this therapy will lead to a break-through in the fight against cancer, infectious diseases – including AIDS – and almost all other diseases. The results of my study conclude that cancer diagnosis should no longer be a death warrant. As the following pages show, this research will also lead to a breakthrough in the treatment of AIDS. |
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The most far-reaching consequence of my scientific research was the breakthrough in the fight against the AIDS epidemic. In the summary of my work I wrote, “It is fore-seeable that the medical applications of lysine and synthetic lysine analogs, especially when combined with vitamin C, will lead to a breakthrough in the control of several forms of cancer, infectious diseases including AIDS, as well as many other diseases”. In the year 1992, when this work was published, the worldwide AIDS epidemic expanded to more than 10 million victims, and a successful AIDS therapy was not yet in sight. My discovery that this epidemic could be controlled by the use of lysine, a natural block of protein-digesting enzymes (proteases), was a breakthrough. Yet in the board rooms of the pharmaceutical companies it was decided that the AIDS epidemic had to continue as long as possible as a market for profitable drugs. They immediately arranged a media boycott against any information about natural treatments for AIDS. At the same time the Pharma-Cartel attempted to explore and use the therapeutic applications of my research. The employees of the pharmaceutical laboratories feverishly worked on synthetic, and therefore patented and profitable, protease blocks. Already in 1996 the cartel celebrated the breakthrough in the AIDS-therapy search with the first artificial protease-inhibitor. Treatment with the new protease inhibitor will cost about $5,00 per patient per year. Millions of AIDS patients die in Africa, Asia, and South America because they cannot afford this medication. |
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This is one of the most frequent questions people ask me. My answer is that the pharmaceutical industry has fought successfully against natural remedies, because these would undermine a worldwide, billion-dollar market of pharmaceutical drugs. How else would you explain the fact that, according to data of the AOK health insurance com-pany, one of the largest health insurers in Germany (AOK Magazine 4/98), over 24,000 pharmaceutical products on the German market at that time were without any proven benefits. I speak from personal experience when I tell you about the manipulation of public opinions in the interests of the pharma-cartel. As the breakthrough in AIDS research with the protease inhibitor could not be kept silent, a scientist had to be presented to the world at large who had made the discovery. To prevent the world from learning about natural therapies against AIDS and other diseases, a surrogate was presented as the first man to make a breakthrough. Time magazine choose the largely unknown Dr. Ho as “Time Man of the Year 1997”. Dr. Ho was honest enough to declare to the Time reporters that he had not made the discovery. The background of this manipulation on a global scale is that Time magazine, as well as the television network CNN, is under the control of the Rockefeller Group. The Rockefeller clan owns shares in over 200 pharmaceutical companies and purposively uses CNN, Time, and other media to ma-nipulate public opinion worldwide in the interest of the pharma-cartel. |
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With vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and the amino acid lysine, we have established the most important natural substances of which deficiency in humans can lead to disease. There are two basic reasons why almost every human suffers from a deficiency of these cell factors: the human body cannot produce them, and our modern dietary habits cannot provide them in sufficient amounts. The result is that only marginal amounts of these substances are found in the body. Almost all diseases thrive on a lack of vitamin C and lysine to spread through the body. This is related to the extra-ordinary value of these substances for the body’s own connective tissue. We can summarize this as follows: 1. Lysine inhibits the destruction of the connective tissue by preventing enzymatic digestion of collagen molecules. At the same time the amino acid lysine is a component of collagen and it is used for making the collagen in the body. 2. Vitamin C stimulates the production of the connective tissue and it is essential for its optimal structure. Deficiency of vitamin C leads to tissue weakness and even-tually to scurvy. On the other hand, an optimal supply of vitamin C assures optimal production of collagen and elastic fiber molecules and contributes to having strong connective tissue in the body. |
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Considering how valuable lysine and vitamin C are for the human body, it is imperative that a dietary supplement that combines these important natural substances becomes available. This natural product is now available in powdered form in Lysine-C-Drink. One jar contains 1.1 lb. of powder, (approx. 100 measuring spoons). For your convenience a measuring spoon is supplied with the jar. Recommendation: • Lysine-C-Drink should be taken together with Vitacor Plus, the basic Cellular Medicine program, in case of advanced diseases (3 to 6 spoons a day). • Higher dosages should be taken in case of acute illness, such as virus infection (cold, flu). A dose of 6 to 9 spoons a day is recommended, which means that you can take 1 to 2 spoons in a drink with every meal. Lysine-C-Drink is a neutral-tasting powder that tastes best when mixed with fruit juice. You can also mix it with water. Apart from a slight laxative effect, no side effects can be expected. Nutrients contained in the Lysine-C-Drink are soluble and your body assimilates them faster than those in a tablet. Health no longer comes out of the pharmacy in pots of pills but as a natural drink on your kitchen table! This is another triumph of Cellular Medicine over pharmaceutical dogmas. |
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Collagen Production – A Key to
Disease Prevention and Control |
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Optimal production of collagen molecules is the precondition for the control of aggressive diseases. The picture on the next page shows a muscle cell of the arterial wall. This cell, in addition to other physiological tasks, has to produce enough collagen molecules to maintain the arterial wall strong and elastic. For optimal collagen production the cells require three major nutrients: • Vitamin C, which controls the collagen production from the cell nucleus’ software. Vitamin C is also responsible for collagen molecules, which wind around each other like a twilled rope, attaining their optimal structure essential for biological activity and stability of collagen. To obtain this biological conformation, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms – the so-called “OH group” – have to be anchored to specific places on lysine and proline molecules and connect collagen strands like “bridges” to stabilize the entire structure. This “hydroxylation” process is catalyzed by vitamin C. • Lysine, which is a building block of the chain of amino acids that form collagen fibers. Since our body cannot produce its own lysine, every single lysine molecule must be supplied through the diet or from dietary supplements. • Proline, which is another important amino acid component of collagen. Our body can produce it, but only in limited amounts. In people with long-term or aggressive diseases accompanied by the enzymatic destruction of tissue collagen, the body’s capacity to produce proline can be exhausted. This often leads to a deficiency of this important amino acid. |
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ProLysinC contains: Balanced quantities of proline, lysine, and vitamin C essential for optimum production of collagen molecules. This Cellular Medicine formula especially benefits people with an increased need for the amino acid proline. How to use ProLysinC: In cases of advanced disease (cancer, atherosclerosis, and others) or serious, acute diseases (such as infections) ProLysinC can be taken in addition to the specific Cellular Medicine program formula. A dose of 3 to 9 tablets a day is recommended taken in doses of 1 to 3 tablets three times a day with meals. ProLysinC and the “Principle of the weakest link” Any system is only as good as its weakest part. This not only applies to a bucket filled with water, but also to the way our body produces collagen. Let me give you an example of a situation when in proline, produced in some measure by the body, is the weakest link in the collagen production chain, meaning that this amino acid is the most needed. In such conditions collagen cannot be produced in optimum amounts even if the supply of lysine and vitamin C is sufficient. In this case, more proline must be provided. This is very important, because conventional medicine still erroneously believes that the body itself can produce any amount of proline and that its external supply is not needed. Following this wrong perception often brings fatal results. |
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People very frequently ask me, “How much vitamin C do I need to take per day?” My answer is, “Only your own body can tell you this!” But what does that mean? The daily vitamin C needs for your body to stay healthy depend on two basic factors: your genetic construction – the DNA (stretched cone) – and the actual health status of your body (short cone). As there is no system to measure the required daily need for vitamin C, we have to learn how to interpret the signals our body gives us. Too much vitamin C and the body will react with the signal of mild diarrhea. The reason: the excess vitamin C is excreted and causes fast bowels. This method can only be used to measure an individual’s need for vitamin C when following a step plan. Start taking the Cellular Medicine basic program and if needed follow the step by step plan described on the next page. Take an extra amount of vitamin C, preferably in a complex form such as VitaCforte. Increase the intake gradually, by one gram a day, until you start to notice that your bowel movements become quicker. Now decrease the dosage by one or two grams and stay on it. This is your individual daily need of vitamin C. California-based Dr. Cathcart established in his clinical research that patients with serious diseases could handle far higher amounts of vitamin C before they developed diarrhea than his healthy control group could. Whereas in healthy people 8 to 10 grams a day were sufficient, patients with infections and other serious diseases could take up to 40 to 60 grams of vitamin C a day without problems – because of the body’s increased need. |
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Patients with very serious diseases often use our Cellular Medicine formulas. Often many of them have spent many years in the deadlock of conventional medicine. When they finally come into contact with the Cellular Medicine approach, their bodies are already damaged: the actual disease continues and the long-term use of pharmaceutical drugs has left many side effects.Therefore in long-term and aggressive diseases such as cancer, the basic dosages of the Cellular Medicine basic and additional formulas are insufficient for the natural healing of the disease. For patients whose healing processes have been unsatisfactory we have developed high-potency, maximum-strength formulas. The Cellular Medicine step plan described below summarizes the principle of this natural therapy: • Vitacor Plus, the Cellular Medicine basic program, contains over 30 nutrients that work together and complement each other in the cell metabolism, much like musicians in an orchestra. Without the basic program, taking a higher dose of any single substance will not be of much benefit. • Cellular Medicine additional formulas for advanced diseases include Arteriforte, which contains the connective tissue-cementing elements Chondroitin sulphate and Glycosaminoglycan. Other additional formulas, such as Relacor, Enercor, Diacor, and Immunocell can be used depending on the disease and the symptoms. • Cellular Medicine maximum-potency formulas: ProLysinC, LysineC, and VitaCforte offer high dosages of the three most important cell nutrients: proline, lysine, and vitamin C. These formulas should be added to your program step by step – generally one additional formula per month – so your body has time to adjust. |
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Today conventional medicine is in a stage of despair. Despite millions of dollars spent on pharmacological research, cancer, coronary disease, and other common health problems keep proliferating like wildfire. The only reason why the incidence of these diseases keeps increasing is that their true causes have not been understood or have been kept hidden; therefore no effective, conventional therapy is available. After Cellular Medicine’s breakthrough in the field of cardiovascular disease, this book paves the way to the end of other common diseases. Among these are several forms of cancer, many infectious diseases, chronic inflammations, allergies, and other problems from which millions suffer. Cellular Medicine can help 9 out of 10 patients to extend their lives or even save them. This, truly, is a breathtaking prospect. People who take the Cellular Medicine formulas tell us about positive changes in their health, often experienced after only a few weeks on these programs. Frequently, after consulting with their physician, these patients are allowed to reduce the number of prescription drugs they take and can sometimes stop taking them completely. Many people have been surprised to find out that without these medications they can improve their health even further. The reason for this is logical: when you stop taking pharmaceutical drugs, which can be damaging to your body, the body no longer needs to deal with the side effects. It can finally start to heal itself. You can find convincing evidence for this by reading the testimonials in “Good Health – Do It Yourself!”
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In this section, you can find answers to some of the questions you may have been asking yourself while reading the book. Do vitamins and amino acids only help against the spreading of cancer or can they also help to prevent the development of cancer? The development of cancer always proceeds through different stages. It starts with a cell that was damaged by toxins from the diet, medication, radiation, or other damaging factors. In many cases the damaged cells die. Others survive and start to multiply uncontrollably. These cells are the cradles of the cancerous disease. Now only a weakness of the connective tissue is needed for the cells to multiply even more and start spreading, leading to cancer. In all stages of the disease, also at the onset, vitamins have a protective function. Vitamin C, for instance, is decisive in the detoxification of the pharmaceutical drugs in the liver, which could otherwise lead to liver damage and liver cancer. Numerous studies have established that several other vitamins and substances found in our Cellular Medicine formulas have the same importance in cancer prevention. These include in particular various antioxidants, such as carotenoids, vitamin E, co-enzyme Q10, and others. To prevent the cancer from spreading further, high dosages of lysine and vitamin C are particularly important, as I described in this book. That is why these natural substances are now available in a powdered form, so that the dosage can be easily increased when needed. What about the government’s recommended daily amounts (RDA)? Why are those lower than the ones you recommend in this book? Advisory agencies on nutrition and the like have main-tained for decades that 60 milligrams of vitamin C a day is sufficient to keep a person healthy. Generations of doctors have passed this false information on to their patients. Now the following has been established: • There was or is no scientific or clinical research to substantiate these “recommendations”. • This small amount of vitamin C may be sufficient to prevent scurvy, but it can n ever guarantee the strength of the connective tissue that is needed to prevent the spread of disease. • These agencies are often tools of the pharmaceutical industry and they purposively recommend insufficient amounts because there is no better way to keep main-taining common diseases among millions of people and create a mass market for pharmaceutical products. |
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Why did you establish your
research firm in the Netherlands? Was there a special reason for
this? Holland is one of the few countries where the pharmaceu-tical industry has not had a hand in the legislation. For decades pharmaceutical companies, such as Bayer, Hoechst and BASF dictated the medicine laws in Germany, Austria and other countries. To artificially stabilize their market for useless but profitable pharmaceutical preparations these companies have manipulated the government to accept bills, such as the one that arbitrarily declares a preparation with over 500 mg vitamin C a medication. Lysine and other vitally important natural amino acids are now placed on the lists of substances to which access should be denied through pharma-cartel-laws. However, the people of Europe will no longer stand for this. These irresponsible laws now tumble under the convincing health successes of Cellular Medicine. Laws that arbitrarily limit the access and use of vitamins and other natural substances should be declared null and void in all countries. Exactly how do enzymes dissolve collagen? In this book I have presented the mechanism of collagen digestion in a simplified way by using red “Pac-Man” characters. The actual process is somewhat more complex and is therefore summarized graphically on the next page. First, the cell secretes an enzyme, called the plasminogen-activator, which has the function of activating a second enzyme, the pro-collagenase, and converts it to the final enzyme collagenase. As we can deduce from the name, collagenase is the enzyme that digests the collagen, thus facilitating the conditions for cells to move around.
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| Is there a chance of side effects
when taking nutrients in the dosages recommended in this
book? No. The vitamins, minerals and amino acids that are not used up by the body cells are simply excreted. Remember that the human body has learned to deal with these natural substances for thousands of years. On the other hand, pharmaceutical products were developed in the test tubes of the pharmaceutical companies only this century. The human body treats them as foreign substances or cell toxins that have to be detoxified. Naturally, “high” dosage is a relative term. Mammals – the goat for instance – can manufacture about 15 grams of vitamin C a day, and in cases of stress, even more. That is over 200 times the RDA “recommendation”. Alternative cancer clinics in the United States treat patients with ad-vanced stages of cancer with up to 200 grams of vitamin C a day – over 200,000 milligrams or 3,000 times the RDA recommendation. Naturally, these vitamin C doses must be given intravenously. However, it is a fact that to date no patient has died of an overdose of vitamin C, whereas hundreds of thousands die each year because they never hear about vitamin therapy to fight serious diseases, or they learn of it when it is already too late. As has been discussed, no side effects or disruptions of normal body functions can be expected when taking lysine, even in dosages of several grams a day. However, the opposite is often the case. Many people die because this natural therapy is not applied. Can every disease discussed in this book benefit form Cellular Medicine formulas? Cellular Medicine formulas are the best thing you can do in a natural way to help your body prevent and heal diseases. In many cases, however – especially in the advanced stages of a disease – Cellular Medicine cannot fully recover your health. Extensive research is being done to try and make these cases the exceptions. To follow the Cellular Medicine programs is certainly not cheap. Will my health insurance company reimburse the cost of the formulas? First of all, your options when following conventional medical practices as opposed to Cellular Medicine are not exactly encouraging. Would you rather be treated with drugs that have no proven beneficial effect in 98% of the cases? Or would you, as a cancer patient, opt to be treated with chemotherapy and share the fate of King Hussein of Jordan or Raisa Gorbachowa? If you have answered “no” to these questions, we must make a common effort. Our goal is that all insurance companies provide reimbursement for Cellular Medicine formulas. These formulas have proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many diseases. This is what I recommend: 1. Send a copy of every bill for every Cellular Medicine formula to the local office of your health insurance company with the request to be reimbursed for the costs. 2. Should they refuse, send the same copy to the national headquarters of this insurance company. Write them a personal letter telling them about the improvements in your health due to the use of these formulas. Include a copy of my Open Letter (see following pages). 3. Should the company refuse, make sure that you have the name of the person in the insurance company who has dealt with this case. This way the insurance company and the particular employee can be held personally respon-sible. 4. Send me a copy of the company’s letter of refusal. We are preparing a model lawsuit against insurance com-panies that keep embezzling billions in insurance pre-miums for over 24,000 non-effective pharmaceutical drugs, whereas they refuse to reimburse the costs for beneficial natural therapies. Several private insurance companies already reimburse these costs. Other companies have done so in a few cases but are not prepared to make this a rule. This is, however, only a matter of time. It is already clear that in the long run no health insurance company can avoid ignoring the successes of Cellular Medicine. It is also clear that insurance companies have to stop using the premiums of millions of clients to finance the business practices of the pharmaceutical industry. You money goes into the coffers of insurance companies instead of being used to finance effective therapies against your diseases. Part of this money should also be made available to finance further research in Cellular Medicine. This is our task as a research company. The arguments are on the table. You yourself must also persevere in trying to get the insurance companies to reimburse effective natural therapies, such as the Cellular Medicine formulas. Speak to your relatives and friends about my “Open Letter to Insurance Companies” and send it to all the departments of your insurance company you can think of. Our health care system should finally serve the interests of the people and no longer those of a handful of pharmaceutical shareholders. If you wish to contribute to this, I invite you to take part in our health consultant network. The person who gave you this book can supply you with more information or you can call, write, fax or email our publishing company.Join us in the building of a new health care system that serves the interests of the people. If you would like to help change the health care system so that it will finally serve the health interests of the people instead of the moneybags of a handful of pharma-shareholders, I am inviting you to join our health consultation net-work. The person who gave you this book can give you more information about this network, or you can contact the publisher and ask for more information. | |
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Yours truly, | |
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The following bibliography contains important studies on blocking collagen degradation as well as on the use of vitamins to combat cancer and other diseases. Almer, S., Andersson, T., Ström, M. (1992) Pharmacokinetics of tranexamic acid in patients with ulcerative colitis and in healthy volunteers after the single instillation of 2 g rectally. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 32: 49-54. Astedt, B., Glifberg, I., Mattson, W., et al. (1977) Arrest of growth of ovarian tumor by tranexamic acid. Journal of the American Medical Association 238: 154-155. Astedt, B., Mattson, W., Trop, C. (1977) Treatment of advanced breast cancer with chemotherapeutics and inhibition of coagulation and fibrinolysis. Acta Medica Scandinavica 201: 491-493. Block, G. (1991) Dietary guidelines and the results of food consumption surveys. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(1): 356S-357S. Block, G. (1991) Epidemiological evidence regarding vitamin C and cancer. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 32(6): 1310S-1314S. Block, G. (1991) Vitamin C and cancer prevention: the epidemiological evidence (see comments). American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 53(1): 270S-282S. Block, G. (1992) Vitamin C status and cancer. Epidemiological evidence of reduced risk. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 53(AD): 280-90. Blohm, G. (1972) Treatment of hereditary angioneurotic oedema with tranexamic acid. Acta Medica Scandinavica 192: 293-298. Bramsen, T. (1977) Effect of tranexamic acid on choroidal melanoma. Acta Ophthalmologica 56: 264-269. Buckley, D.I., McPherson, R.S., North, C.Q., et al. (1992) Dietary micronutrients and cervical dysplasia in southwestern American Indian women. Nutrition and Cancer 61(2): 179-85. Cathcart, R.F. (1991) A unique function for ascorbate. Medical Hypothesis 35: 32-37. Daviglus, M.L., Dyer, A.R., Persky, V., et al. (1996) Dietary beta-carotene, vitamin C, and risk of prostate cancer: results from the Western Eclectic Study (see comments). Epidemiology 32(5): 472-7. Flagg, E.W., Coates, R.J., Greenberg, R.S. (1995) Epidemiological studies of antioxidants and cancer in humans. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 32(5): 419-27. Gaby, S.K., Bendich, A., Singh, V.N., et al. (1991) Vitamin intake and health. Hansen, P.H., Rasmussen, L.B. (1982) Progressive demens. Ugeskr L’ger 144/31: 2289-2290. Hardy, J.F., Blisle, S., Dupont, C., et al. (1998) Prophylactic tranexamic acid and epsilon-aminocaproic acid for primary myocardial revascularisation. Ann Thorac Surg 65(2): 371-6. Henson, D., Block, G., Levine, M. (1991) Ascorbic acid: biological functions and relation to cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 83/8: 547-550. Hollanders, D., Thomson, J.M., Schofield, P.F. (1982) Tranexamic acid therapy in ulcerative colitis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 58: 87-91. Kohga, S., Harvey, S.R., Weaver, R.M., et al. (1985) Localisation of plasminogen activators in human colon cancer by immunoperoxidase staining. Cancer Research 45: 1787-1796. Kwaan, H.C., Astrup, T. (1964) Fibrinolytic activity of reparative connective tissue. Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology 87: 409 Larsson, G., Larsson, A., Astedt, B. (1987) Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase in normal, dysplastic and cancerous squamous epithelium of the uterine cervix. Thrombosis and Haemostasis 58(3): 822-826. Laurberg, G. (1977) Tranexamic acid in chronic urticaria: a double-blind study. Acta Dermatovener (Stockholm) 57: 369-370. Maramag, C., Menon, M., Balaji, K.C., et al. (1997) Effect of vitamin C on prostate cancer cells in vitro: effect on cell number, viability, and DNA synthesis. Prostate 32(3): 188-95. Maramag, C., Menon, M., Balaji, K.C., et al. (1997) Reduced mononuclear leukocyte ascorbic acid content in adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus consuming adequate dietary vitamin C. Metabolism 32(3): 146-9. Marasini, B., Cicardi, G.C., Martignoni, G.C., et al. (1987) Treatment of hereditary angioedema. Klinisches Wochenschrift 56: 819-823. Marcus, S.L., Dutcher, J.P., Paietta, E., et al. (1987) Severe Hypovitaminosis C occurring as the result of adoptive immunotherapy with high-dose interleukin 2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells. Cancer Research 47: 4208-4212. Martens, B.P.M. (1984) Clinical experience with tranexamic acid in urticaria and angioedema. British Journal of Dermatology 111: 481-482. Munch, E.P., Weeke, B. (1985) Non-hereditary angioedema treated with tranexamic acid. Allergy 40: 92-97. Ngkeekwong, F.C. (1997) Two distinct uptake mechanisms for ascorbate and dehydroascorbate in human lymphoblasts and their interaction with glucose. Biochemical Journal 76(3): 225-30. Ock’e, M.C., Kromhout, D., Menotti, A., et al. (1997) Vitamin C inhibits random migration of malignant pleural effusion mononuclear cells. Archivum immunologiae et therapiae experimentalis (Warsz) 61(4): 87-91. Paganelli, G.M., Biasco, G., Brandi, G. (1992) Effect of vitamin A, C and E supplementation on rectal cell proliferation in patients with colorectal adenomas. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 32(1): 47-51. andey, D.K., Shekelle, R., Selwyn, B.J., et al. (1995) Dietary vitamin C and beta-carotene and risk of death in middle-aged men. The Western Eclectic Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 65(12): 1269-78. Poydock, M.E. (1991) Effect of combined ascorbic acid and B-12 on survival of mice with implanted Ehrlich carcinoma and L1210 leukemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 76(3): 1261S-1265S. Rath, M. (1991) Solution to the puzzle of human cardiovascular disease: its primary role is ascorbate deficiency, leading to the deposition of lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen/fibrin in the vascular wall. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 7: 17-23. Rath, M. (1992) Plasmin-induced proteolysis and the role of apoprotein(a), lysine and synthetic lysine analogs. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine. Rath, M. Why animals don’t get heart attacks – but people do. Almelo, MR Publishing, 1994. Rivas, C.I., Vera, J.C., Guaiquil, V.H., et al. (1997) Increased uptake and assimilation of vitamin C in human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected hematopoietic cell lines. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(9): 5814-20. Roomi, M.W., House, D., Eckert-Macksi’c, M., et al. (1998) Growth suppression of malignant leukemia cell line in vitro by ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and its derivatives. Cancer Letters 122(1-2): 93-9. Sheffer, A.L., Austen, K.F., Rosen, F.S. (1972) Tranexamic acid therapy in hereditary angioneurotic oedema. New England Journal of Medicine 287: 452-454 . Sigurdsson, K., Johnsson, J.E., Trop, C. (1983) Tranexamic acid for the treatment of advanced ovarian carcinoma. Acta obstetriticia et gynecologica scandinavica 62: 265-266. Skriver, L., Larsson, L.I., Kielberg, V., et al. (1984) Immunocytochemical localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in Lewis lung carcinoma. Journal of Cell Biology 99: 752-757. Smith, M.E., Amaducci, L.A. (1982) Observations on the effects of protease inhibitors on the suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Neurochemical Research 7/5: 541-554. Some, H., Sashida, T., Yosida, M., et al. (1980) Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer with fibrinolytic inhibitor (tranexamic acid). Acta obstetrica et gynecologica scandinavica 59: 285-287. Strickland, S., Beers, W.H. (1976) Studies on the role of plasminogen activator in ovulation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 251/18: 5694-5702. Van Eenwyk, J., Davis, F.G., Colman, N. (1992) Folate, vitamin C, and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (see comments). Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention 61(2): 119-24. Werb, Z., Mainardi, C.L., Vater, C.A., et al. (1977) Endegenous activation of latent collagenase by rheumatoid synovial cells. New England Journal of Medicine 296/18. Zhang, H.M., Wakisaka, N., Maeda, O., et al. (1997) Vitamin C inhibits the growth of a bacterial risk factor for gastric carcinoma: Helicobacter pylori. Cancer 32(10): 1897-903.
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