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BIOMAGNETIC HEALING
by Gary Null
This paper presents the issues and scientific research relating to the efficacy of Biomagnetic Healing. For additional information on this controversial topic, read Gary Null's book, Healing with Magnets, which includes clinician's reports and actual patients' experiences.
Note: The
information on this website is not a substitute for
diagnosis and treatment by a qualified, licensed professional.
The power of the magnet is one of the most basic powers in nature. We know that magnetism itself was an ingredient in the primordial soup from which the universe and our planet came forth. Magnetism is the force that keeps order in the galaxy, allowing stars and planets to spin at significant velocities. And in a sense, our own planet's magnetic field is responsible for protecting all life on earth.
This book is about how we can use the power of magnetism to optimize health. Today, we are at an exciting juncture in the evolution of health care as biomagnetic therapy fast becomes one of the most promising new therapeutic interventions. Actually, biomagnetic therapy is not new to everyone. Many veterinarians have been aware of biomagnetic benefits for years, and use magnets to heal fractures quickly, thereby saving the lives of race horses and other animals. Doctors treating professional athletes commonly recommend magnets to speed up recovery from painful injuries. And other physicians in a variety of specialties, including dermatologists, internists, pediatricians, and surgeons, are seeing excellent results as well.
That magnetic healing is nothing new can be seen by looking at early records of scientifically advanced civilizations, which tell us that magnetic forces have long been prized for their restorative properties. Ancient Greece discovered the very first natural magnet in the form of the lodestone, and Hippocrates, the father of medicine, noted its healing powers. The Egyptians, too, described the divine powers of the magnet in their writings, and Cleopatra frequently adorned herself with magnetic jewelry to preserve youthfulness. Chinese manuscripts dating back thousands of years describe the Eastern belief that the life force, termed "qi", is generated by the earth's magnetic field. Today, many believe that certain places on earth, such as Lourdes, France, and Sedona, Arizona, owe their healing powers to naturally high levels of this qi, or biomagnetic energy.
It should be noted that today, magnetic therapy is well established in other countries, such as Japan, China, India, Austria, and Germany. In the U.S., unfortunately, many healing techniques readily accepted by other traditions are only familiar to those practitioners on the cutting edge. Although state-of-the-art American medicine uses techniques to monitor magnetic fields, such as electrocardiograms, electroencephalograms, and magnetic resonance imaging, it has not taken other forms of magnetic therapy seriously. More and more American studies, however, are confirming the value of the magnetic approach. As a result, magnet therapy is gaining credibility in the U.S. and being applied by increasing numbers of doctors and other health practitioners to treat a wide range of ailments. Now awareness of this modality is filtering down to the general public, as increasing numbers of people are sleeping on magnetic beds at night and wearing small magnets during the day for greater energy, preventive purposes, and healing. It is with the idea of expanding this awareness of a natural healing option that I have interviewed a wide range of clinicians, scientists, and patients, and written this book.
Finally, no one claims that magnetic therapy is going to work for everyone. However, ample evidence suggests that seven out of ten people experience a beneficial effect. One is led to ponder if when Hippocrates wrote, "The natural force within each of us is that greatest healer of all," he did not have magnetic energy in mind.
Research into magnet therapy is divided into two distinct areas: pulsed bioelectric magnetic therapy and fixed magnetic therapy. Probably 85 to 90 percent of the scientific literature is on pulsed bioelectric biomagnetic therapy; the remainder is on therapy with fixed solid magnets. As is always the case, research interest and funding have been where there is proprietary gain. No patents can be issued for work done on fixed magnets, but certainly they can be for pulsed magnetic devices. Since it cannot necessarily be assumed that a positive result from pulsed bioelectric magnets will automatically translate to a positive result from a fixed magnet, there needs to be more study in the area of fixed magnets.
Another reality of this still developing field is that there are different schools of thought on the essential mechanisms of magnetic therapy, centered on questions of polarity, among other issues. In this book I have tried to draw on the input of the most responsible scientific and medical representatives from varying points of view. These are not lay marketeers passing along misinformation. Rather, these sources are qualified M.D., Ph.D. research scientists and clinicians who have spent years in the field.
One is Dr. William Pawluk*, of Chicago, a board-certified family physician in both Canada and the United States and Assistant Professor in the School of Hygiene and Public Health and School of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Pawluk*, who is vice president of the North American Academy of Magnetic Therapy, lectures extensively on magnetism and combines magnetic therapy and acupuncture in his practice. He has written a chapter on magnetic therapy for the Textbook of Complementary Medicine (Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore) and has undertaken the noble task of studying and translating a comprehensive body of foreign research on magnetism and its applications.
Another perspective comes from John Zimmerman, Ph.D., one of the leading authorities in America on the subject of magnets. He is president of the Bio-Electro-Magnetics Institute, an independent, nonprofit, educational, research organization dedicated to furthering our understanding of bioelectromagnetism. Dr. Zimmerman has published extensively and is currently conducting a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effectiveness of fixed magnets for low back pain. He is also a member of the North American Academy of Magnetic Therapy.
On some points the two main schools of thought think alike. They generally agree in their discussion of size, strength, and placement of magnets, and duration of treatment. Where they disagree is at the basic physics level regarding when to use a positive or a negative pole. There is also some confusion, as we shall see, about the correct labeling of poles on magnets. But controversy is par for the course in a developing field, and irrespective of which school is ultimately found right, each has enough positive clinical, anecdotal, and scientific results to show that magnets work.
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
What is the difference between a fixed magnet and an electromagnetic device? Simply put, a fixed magnet emits a magnetic field, while an electromagnetic apparatus gives off an electric and magnetic field. Dr. John Zimmerman elaborates: "Magnetism and electromagnetism are different sides of the same coin. However, unlike a coin, electromagnetism has three sides rather than two. They are the electric field, the magnetic field, and the electromagnetic radiation.
"Electric fields are associated with the displacement of charged particles, usually electrons, but sometimes charged particles called ions. An example of an electric field occurs when you shuffle your feet across a carpet and touch a doorknob. The carpet pulls some electrons from your body and your clothing, leaving you with a deficiency and the carpet with an excess. When you touch the doorknob, it pulls up electrons to satisfy your deficiency, and it balances the electrical charge, creating a spark in the process. Electrical fields are measured in units called volts per meter (vpm) or volts per centimeter (vpc).
"The next side of the three-sided coin is the magnetic field. A magnetic field is caused by electrical charges in motion, as opposed to an electric field, which is produced by electrical charges in different concentrations, more in one place than the other, regardless of whether or not they are moving. You cannot see the electrical current in a magnet; you have to delve deeper into the structure of matter to understand.
"In a static magnet, the electrical current moves in terms of electrons orbiting around the atomic nuclei. An iron body is magnetized when the electrons become aligned to a greater degree."
Zimmerman goes on to explain that the best way to describe magnetism in a permanent magnet is to make an analogy with the military: "Imagine all the atoms in an unmagnetized block of iron to be soldiers in a barracks going about their daily business. Some may be brushing their teeth, while others read magazines, and others lie in bed. Then, the captain walks in, and the drill sergeant says, 'Fall in.' Everybody scrambles to fall in place, aligning themselves in the same direction with a certain amount of space between them. The difference before and after the command 'Fall in' is analogous to the difference between an unmagnetized block of iron before and after being subjected to a magnetizing force. The magnetizing force commands electrons, and the atoms in the block of material literally fall into place. Once they become aligned in the same direction, you have a permanent magnet."
Magnetism can also be produced by currents in a wire, Zimmerman continues, and these magnetic fields are due to the electrons in the wire. "If it's a 60 cycle per second (cps) current, like a wall outlet, electrons shuffle back and forth, creating 60 full cps. But they really don't go anywhere. They're like the tide going in and out of the ocean, going first in one direction and then the other. But the tide really never goes anywhere outside of that predetermined length of run. Electrons in a wire, in a lamp cord, or in a power line, are very similar. They'll basically go back and forth, producing a magnetic field in the area around it."
How does this differ from electromagnetic radiation? This is the third side of the coin, Zimmerman explains. "EMR occurs when you have charges that accelerate or decelerate very quickly. Imagine a glass of water filled almost to the very top. You slowly dip a spoon into and out of the water, and every time you change direction, you accelerate the motion of the spoon. If the rate of that acceleration and deceleration is relatively slow, you can dip the spoon in and out of the nearly full glass of water all day long, and not much will happen. The water will stick to the spoon, and when you pull the spoon out of the water, it will have some water droplets adhere to it. When you put it back in, it will go back into the glass of water.
"What happens, though, if you start to accelerate the motion of that spoon? Obviously, water is going to start flying off of it. This is exactly what happens when you produce EMR. At a certain rate of change of velocity that is analogous to moving a spoon into and out of the water very quickly, charged particles, called photons, come off of the source of the moving electric charges, much like water droplets coming off of the spoon that's rapidly moving in and out of the glass of water. Photons, noncharged massless entities which carry the electromagnetic force across space, are frequently pulled off of the charged couriers, much like water droplets coming off the spoon being rapidly lowered into and raised from a glass of water. This is what we refer to as EMR." As the name implies, electromagnetic radiation contains two distinct fields: an electric field, measured in volts per meter or volts per centimeter, and a magnetic field, which is measured in units called teslas, or gauss. (One tesla equals 10,000 gauss.)
The effectiveness of using pulsed magnetic fields to heal bone fractures and, to a lesser degree, soft tissue injures such as sprains and strains, is quite well documented. Numerous scientific journals have reported these findings since the 1970s, and the FDA approves the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields for the treatment of nonunion bone fractures, which are fractures that will not heal on their own. It is believed that the pulsed electromagnetic fields penetrate the cast and get to the layer of skin that's moist and conductive. Then the electric field stops, but the magnetic field continues to do the healing work.
Clinical experience suggests other uses for electromagnetic devices. Hundreds of articles substantiate claims of benefit for a large number of conditions, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, tension headaches, migraines, and Parkinson's disease.
Fixed magnets are believed to help these conditions, as well as others, and are generally more economical and less complicated to use. Doctors have presented papers at the North American Academy of Magnetic Therapy, citing success with fixed magnets in patients with congestive heart failure and various types of cancerous conditions. A Canadian research project is investigating the effects of fixed magnets on fibromyalgia; specifically, the researchers want to determine whether sleeping on a magnetic pad helps to reduce the pain associated with the condition. Rheumatoid and osteoarthritis have been reported to respond very well to magnetic field therapy using fixed individual magnets.
If you are looking for confusion, controversy, and contradictions, you might want to follow politics, or better yet, you might want to look into the questions surrounding the naming of magnetic poles. For instance, is the south pole true south? And is the north pole true north? How a magnetic pole is named is dependent upon convention, and not all conventions are alike. Therefore, you may be getting two magnets from two companies where corresponding sides are called north on one magnet and south on the other. Dr. Zimmerman explains: "We need to understand that there are two ways of naming the north pole of the magnet: convention one and convention two. You have to know which convention you're dealing with. Otherwise, what you're calling north somebody else may be calling south.
"Way one of naming the poles of the magnet is called the traditional, scientific, sailor navigation type of way. It assumes that if you suspend a bar magnet on a pivot point, like a compass needle, or maybe on a string from the ceiling, the part of the magnet that points north is labeled the north pole of the magnet, and obviously that end of the magnet that points geographically south is the south pole of the magnet." Zimmerman says that this traditional way of naming the poles is not the one used by most people employing biomagnetic therapy.
"In the biomagnetic nomenclature of identifying the poles of the magnet, it's just the opposite," Zimmerman explains. "That end of the magnet that points north is labeled the south pole because it's attracted to the north pole of the earth. That end of the magnet that attracts the south pole of the earth is labeled the north pole of the magnet because opposites attract."
Zimmerman goes on: "People might say, 'Gee, in the traditional way of naming magnets, how can the north pole be pointing north?' The answer uses rather complex reasoning. I don't mean to confuse people, but in the traditional way of naming the poles of the magnet, the reason the north pole of the magnet points north is that the traditionalists assume that the south magnetic pole of the earth is located in the northern hemisphere. That sounds backwards, complex, and confusing, and it is. But that's the way traditional science textbooks and physics textbooks often get around the conundrum that the north pole of the magnet is pointing north. They say that the south pole is located in the northern hemisphere.
"That's all very confusing to people, so we like to focus our attention on what we call the biomagnetic definition, which avoids that complexity. It assumes that the north pole of the magnet is where it's supposed to be--in the geographic north pole of the earth, and the south pole is in the southern hemisphere. With this definition, a suspended bar magnet, or the arrowhead of a compass needle that points north, is always the south end of the magnet or the south end of the compass needle. Stated another way, if you have a magnet that is flat, and you want to know which end is north, approach it with a compass needle. That end of the magnet that attracts the arrowhead of the compass needle is the biomagnetic north pole."
Another controversy revolves around the issue of when to use the north, or negative, pole and when to use the south, or positive. One school of thought is based on the ideas of Davis and Rawls, whose studies done in the 1930s suggest that exposure to biomagnetic negative poles enhance health, while biomagnetic positive poles exacerbate disease. More recently, Dr. William Philpott has been championing the Davis and Rawls point of view and drawing conclusions based upon his own clinical experience. Here is what Philpott feels each pole will do:
North
(Negative) Pole
· Relieves pain
· Reduces swelling
· Promotes tissue alkalinization
· Promotes sound, restful sleep
· Increases tissue oxygenation
· Calms the nervous system
· Assists in relief of addictive tendencies
South (Positive) Pole
· Accelerates growth indiscriminately
· Increases swelling
· Promotes tissue acidity
· Decreases tissue oxygenation
· Makes sleep less sound and restful
· Promotes anxiety
There are those who support the claims of Philpott. Yet, scientists wishing to duplicate the work of Davis and Rawls cannot find any data to work from. And a search of the literature shows Philpott to be making more claims than scientific evidence can support at this time. Philpott also promotes his own magnets and may therefore be biased. This is not to say that these claims are false; however, more scientific research confirming or disproving these claims needs to be done.
The only study to date on this issue was published in the September 1990 issue of the "Journal of the National Medical Association." Scientists took petri dishes full of cancer cells and put them in either the biomagnetic north pole end of a magnetic resonance imaging facility or the biomagnetic south pole end. In three weeks, the petri dishes in the north pole end exhibited a dramatic decrease in cell growth, which is what you what you want to see with cancer cells. The dishes in the south end exhibited a slight, but detectable, increase in the rate of cell growth. This is the first experiment to address this question, and more work is clearly needed.
To add confusion to the issue, some scientists believe that there is no strong evidence supporting the use of one pole over another. This point of view is especially prevalent in Russia. Japanese manufacturers who uphold this point of view sell magnetic mattress pads that expose the body to both north and south fields, although some experts have warned against this practice.
Dr. Zimmerman is currently studying the difference between unipolar and bipolar magnets in the treatment of low back pain. The unipolar magnets have flat surfaces and expose the subject to just one field, while bipolar magnets expose the skin to both fields simultaneously. They are designed with alternating spatial patterns of north and south poles, so they may be arranged, for example, as concentric circles, like a target, as alternating squares, analogous to a checkerboard, or as alternating triangles. Both types of magnets have their proponents, and Dr. Zimmerman is seeking to address the issue from a scientific point of view rather than be influenced by manufacturers' advertising.
An argument against the north/south dichotomy is made by Dr. Pawluk*, who says that there is no proof that magnet wearers are being exposed to just one polarity. Pawluk questions the existence of a purely north or south field as he talks about the impossibility of the "blocked wall concept": "The problem with the 'blocked wall' is that in a magnetic field, molecules line up perfectly and produce lines of force that are very strong in one direction. The lines of force bend around and then turn back on themselves. You have one molecule on one side that's lined up in one direction and one molecule on the other side lined up in the opposite direction. When they bend around, they cancel each other out.
"Let's assume the upper part of the magnet is the north pole," Pawluk*continues. "Then the bottom part will be the south pole. At the top part, the lines of force are north pole lines. In physics, I'm not sure anyone can make a distinction between a line of force coming out of the upper side or north side of the magnet versus the line of force that's coming from the south side. It's not like cold and hot water. There's no scientific evidence proving that they are different. If you move away from the edge of the magnet by an inch or half an inch, and you measure the area with a magnetometer, you'll find that the field has changed from positive to negative. Say the top surface is positive. If you move one inch to the side, you'll find, when you measure the area with a magnetometer, that the field has changed and become negative. It goes from a north to a south pole. What that means is that at any given time with a permanent magnet you are actually being exposed to both the north and south pole. When you have a very dense magnet there's obviously a higher concentration of south pole at the surface than there is at the sides. Nevertheless, you're actually being exposed to both fields."
In summation, Dr. Pawluk* explains that most scientists now believe that permanent magnets create their effects because of the drop in the field, or what is known as the gradient. The change in polarity may be what is producing the effect in the body. In other words, both north and south poles are entering the body at any given moment, and the entirety of the magnet is what is doing the healing.
While very little research on magnet therapy has been done in the United States, there has been a lot of work in this field in Russia, Czechoslovakia, and the Western European nations over the past 30 years. This discrepancy parallels an experience I had about 15 years ago when I approached the FDA to see what information they had concerning glandular implants as a way of rejuvenating body systems. They said there had not been a single study done and that it was quackery. A quick review of the American literature did suggest there was never a study done in the United States. But after going to Vienna, Austria, as well as to Heidelberg, Germany, and interviewing scientists and clinicians working in the field of glandular implants, I was provided with over 500 studies published in the peer-reviewed literature. Similarly, if you look for research on fixed magnets in the United States, you will find a paucity and think there is a minimum of hard evidence. However, if you were to go to Russia, where magnetism is a well-regarded and highly respected science, you'd find hundreds of studies on fixed and pulsed magnetic therapy. It is rare for an American physicist to read Russian, and hence review their literature. But Dr. William Pawluk* has done just that and shares his views in our Clinicians' Reports section, showing that there is more than adequate reason to feel very positive and assured about the nature of this research.
Even if you do not have access to the research, magnets are simple to use. So, why not give them a try? My suggestion would be to use magnets on yourself as if you were performing a single controlled study. Listen to what your body tells you. If you have had unremitting arthritis pain in your hands and apply a magnet to it, you may find that three days later you no longer have pain for the first time in 10 years. Remember, your own experience is valid. This book is an effort to combine practical common-sense usage and good clinical experience. Science will simply have to catch up.
Of course nobody is saying that magnets are a be-all and cure-all. They should not be used by themselves for any major disease or medical condition, but rather, they should be looked upon as an adjunctive therapy. My own personal experience is that magnets work best in combination with other healing modalities. Ever since seventh grade, I have been a competitive athlete, winning dozens of USA track and field national championships, regional championships, and over 300 local races. And I have set numerous American records. Therefore, I know my body well. When I sustained a severe hamstring injury, I used magnets--small, medium, and large, from 500 gauss to 5000 gauss--wearing them for 15 minutes at a time and sleeping with them taped to my leg. The magnets hastened my recovery.
A year and a half later, I reinjured the same hamstring. This time, I used magnets in addition to intravenous vitamin C drips, glutathione, calcium, magnesium, quercetin, and other nutrients at very high dosages. The first hamstring injury required almost three months to heal using magnets alone; the reinjury required two weeks to heal. I have seen the same results throughout my career when multiple therapies were used instead of an individual one. Hence, I believe that magnets should be used in combination with other healing modalities, which may include therapeutic touch, acupuncture, acupressure, deep or soft tissue massage, and compresses, to name just some of the approaches available.
While magnets are generally safe, there are times when they should not be used. Here are some caveats to keep in mind:
Pregnancy Until research proves otherwise, pregnant women should not wear magnets, particularly over the abdominal area, which would expose the fetus to the magnetic fields. Using magnets on the shoulder, arm, or elbow, however, would not expose the fetus and would be allowable.
Pacemakers Individuals wearing heart pacemakers or other electronic implanted devices should not use magnets near the apparatus. A magnet should not be suspended over the heart, for instance. Nor should they be worn on the mid-back where the magnetic field affects the heart from the opposite side. It is all right, though, to wear magnetic insoles for sore, tired feed, or a magnetic pad on the elbow, knee, or ankle.
Bleeding Wounds Magnets lessen the stickiness of platelets, blood components that make a scab after you cut yourself. So, if you use a magnet when you have an active bleeding wound, you may actually increase the amount of bleeding in the wound. It's best, then, to wait until the wound gets sticky or starts to show evidence of healing. Apply magnets at that point. Definitely do not use magnets if you are on anticoagulants or if you have a condition, called polycythemia, that increases the likelihood of bleeding.
Bipolar Magnets for Those with Infections and Cancer People with cancer or any sort of infection, like candida, fungi, viruses, or bacteria, should avoid exposure to bipolar magnets. As we've mentioned, many believe from their observations and clinical experiences that the south pole accelerates the growth of cancer cells, bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Not all practitioners and manufacturers agree, but until the research proves otherwise, it is prudent to err on the side of caution, and only use products with north-facing magnetic fields.
Considerations When Using Fixed Magnets
The effectiveness of magnetic treatment depends largely on four factors, according to Dr. John Zimmerman: strength, thickness, number of magnets used, and spacing.
First, magnets vary in strength, and it's important to remember that stronger magnets penetrate more deeply than do weak ones and that the reading at the surface of the magnet is different from the reading at its core. In other words, a magnet that is a 2000 gauss at its core may only be 200 gauss at its surface. If the problem area is covered by a thick layer of skin--say, at the thigh--the magnet may not be able to penetrate deeply enough to make a real difference. A strong, thick magnet will be needed. To penetrate 4 inches, one needs a 300-gauss magnetic field, and to get that strength, one may need a magnet of about 8000 or 10,000 gauss at its surface. These are hard to find but can sometimes be purchased through commercial distributors.
Neodymium and ceramic magnets tend to be more powerful than the plastalloy type. In general, the magnets that people should be purchasing are unipolar. They are flat-surface magnets that are magnetized along the direction of the surface. Note that horseshoe and bar magnets are not suitable for therapeutic application as they are magnetized on both ends or at the ends of the U-shape. Commonly, the magnets used therapeutically are either circular or rectangular. Several can be stacked for increased gauss strength and, therefore, greater effectiveness.
The thicker the magnet, the greater the depth of penetration. The down side to this is that, with increasing thickness, the magnet becomes more uncomfortable to wear. As a compromise one can wear magnets between 1/4 and 3/8 of an inch thick.
Manufacturers often stack a number of magnets closely together in the same direction. The more magnets that a manufacturer includes in its product, the stronger the magnetic field and the greater the depth of penetration.
The final factor in magnet effectiveness has to do with the thickness or spacing of the pad between the magnet and the skin's surface. Usually, this space is pretty small--about an eighth or a quarter of an inch. This spacing makes the magnet more comfortable to wear and also smooths out the bumpiness of the magnetic field.
Dr. Zimmerman explains: "There's a phenomenon called south pole bleed-through. If you have a magnet that's a standard 3/8 of an inch thick by 7/8 of an inch wide by 1-7/8 inches tall, on one side of the magnet you have the north pole, and on the other side you have the south pole across the surface, 7/8 x 1-7/8 inches. For round figures' sake, we'll call it 1 x 2. Across this 1 x 2 inch magnet, one side is north and the other is south. If you take a sensitive magnetometer, and you hold it against the north side, you will read north everywhere along the surface of that magnet until you reach the very edge. At the edge of the magnet, you'll start seeing south pole. That's called south pole bleed-through. Relatively few magnet manufacturers realize this.
"The way to avoid south pole bleed-through has to do with an interaction between this number and the spacing of the magnets and the thickness of the pad between you and the magnet. If you have relatively few magnets spaced far apart--say 12 magnets spaced two inches apart--then you must have a thickness of some substantial amount, say two or three inches, before the magnetic field will become uniform. If you have a dozen magnets in a 3 x 4 array, in between each individual magnet you'll see the south pole. If you move a distance away from the magnet, say two or three inches, all the measured polarity will be north. There will be no south pole bleed-through. But if the magnets are spaced two inches apart, the thickness of the spacer must be rather substantial, say two, three, or four inches, to avoid south pole bleed-through. That makes the magnets much weaker, and it makes the pad uncomfortably thick. To avoid that, you can place the magnets much closer together. Instead of two inches apart, you can place them half an inch apart. Of course, if you space the magnets half an inch apart, you have to have more magnets. So, instead of having one dozen magnets, you might have three or four dozen. This increases the weight and the cost of the product, but the advantage is that it allows you to use a much thinner pad. In sum, if you space the magnets a certain distance apart, and you have a certain thickness of pad between you and the magnets, you'll get an entirely uniform north pole field."
Zimmerman goes on to say that because of south pole bleed-through, you want the magnet to be larger than the size of the area being treated. So while if you are treating a finger joint for arthritis, a small magnet is needed, if you are treating a large area, like the abdomen, a much larger magnet is called for.
There are more than two dozen magnet manufacturers (see Resources section). Dr. Zimmerman recommends a company in Deer Park, Washington, called Tengam, as an inexpensive source. He also suggests making an agreement with the seller of the magnet to offer a money-back guarantee if substantial relief is not obtained within 30 days. Reputable companies are likely to make and stand behind such an offer.
Magnets have been used therapeutically to relieve pain and discomfort for thousands of years, perhaps even longer than acupuncture, which is over 2000 years old. The first reported therapeutic use of magnets involved the grinding up of a naturally occurring material called magnetite and the application of this in poultice form to uncomfortable areas of the body.
Magnetite makes for a relatively weak magnet by today's standards. But since the earth's naturally occurring magnetic field was far higher in the past (2 to 3 gauss as opposed to 1/2 gauss today), magnetite crystals may have been stronger at one point in time. Still, this is a weak field by today's standards as one can easily buy a magnet with an internal gauss strength of 10,000 (1 tesla) or more. Such high exposures do not appear in any way detrimental; at worst, they seem harmless and at best they appear to help a variety of conditions.
Exposure to the earth's magnetic field plays an essential role in our health, a fact clearly demonstrated when the first astronauts returned to earth sick. Their illness was soon attributed to a lack of magnetism in outer space and the problem was subsequently resolved when NASA placed magnets in their space suits and spaceships.
It has since been discovered that in the absence of a magnetic field, the energy level of atoms diminishes. Necessary nutrients become depolarized and unusable. If this condition is permitted to continue, the body can become imbalanced and function improperly. By restoring balance to an organism, biomagnetic therapy can alleviate a number of health conditions. Some of the most common applications of magnets are described below:
General Uses
Relief from Pain and Discomfort The most common use of magnetic fields is in the treatment of pain, with reports of successful treatment in a wide variety of conditions, including arthritis, rheumatism, fibromyalgia, back pain, headaches, muscle sprains and strains, joint pain, tendonitis, shoulder pain, carpal tunnel syndrome, and torn ligaments.
A noteworthy American double-blind, placebo-controlled study on the effects of static magnets on the treatment of arthritis was recently published in the ®MDBR¯Journal of Rheumatology®MDNM¯ (November 1997, p. 1200). The study confirms the effectiveness of magnets in relieving the pain of arthritis. Another scientific study of similar rigor is being carried out by Dr. Zimmerman, and is looking at the effects of fixed magnets on low back pain. There is good reason to expect confirmation of what users have been claiming for years--that magnets are an excellent aid to pain relief.
To understand how magnets work to alleviate pain, it may help to look at pain mechanisms in the body. Pain is transmitted along nerve cells as an electric signal. While quiescent, the nerve has a small charge of about -70 mV. A pain signal depolarizes a cell. Magnets appear to raise the depolarization potential of the cell so that the signal is blocked from depolarization, in effect, blocking the pain. Furthermore, the ability of the nerve to send pain is slowed by a magnetic field. These phenomena can aid in the relief of pain throughout the body.
Pain relief may be enhanced when a magnet's negative pole is placed over certain acupuncture meridians. Research and clinical experience show that magnets increase energy (qi) along these points. The combination of therapies works synergistically so that their combined effects are greater than the sum of their effects would be if they were used separately. In addition, acupuncturists like magnets because they are painless and allow the treatment to continue long after a visit.
Reduction of Inflammation and Improved Circulation. Injured tissue emits a positive charge; placing the negative pole of a magnet over the area appears to restore a natural balance in the following way: The magnet improves circulation, allowing blood vessels to dilate and bring a greater volume of blood flow to the injured area. This helps to bring in natural healers and to remove the toxic byproducts of inflammation--bradykinens, prostaglandins, and histamines--all of which contribute to inflammation and pain. Thus, pain and inflammation are diminished and tissue healing is stimulated.
Antimicrobial Effects Magnetic therapy can help the body ward off such microbial invaders as viruses, bacteria, and fungi. It achieves this, in part, by increasing immune function through the oxygenation of white corpuscles, an important part of the immune system's arsenal.
A magnetic field can also function like an antibiotic by lowering acidity, with the result that microorganisms have a more difficult time surviving. In addition, hormonal production is regulated, altering enzymatic activity and biochemical messengers of the immune system. For example, the pineal gland is one large electromagnetic entity. The net effect is to augment the body's natural ability to resist a variety of germs.
Stress Reduction The recent discovery of magnetite in the cells of the brain helps explain the calming effect of biomagnetic therapy. A magnetic field applied to the head calms as well as induces a hypnotic sleeping effect on the brain by stimulating the hormone melatonin. Melatonin is known to be anti-stressful, producing a sedating effect in insomniacs. This finding has led to the manufacture of magnetic pillows and pads designed to provide a sound and restful sleep. A person can then awaken with more energy and fewer aches and pains.
Correction of Central Nervous System Disorders Dr. William Philpott claims that biomagnetic therapy can help central nervous system disorders. He states that such symptoms as hallucinations, delusions, seizures, and panic can be alleviated through biomagnetic therapy without disrupting the patient's mental alertness and orientation. Also, a magnetic field may reduce the need for tranquilizers and antidepressants. Magnets have been used as well to stop epileptic seizures.
Energy Enhancement Biomagnetic therapy is known to increase general well-being by enhancing energy. The normal polarization of a positively charged nucleus with a negatively charged outer membrane permits a cell to function as a healthy entity. However, as the cell performs its daily functions, it becomes depolarized. Depolarized cells equal a tired person. It is believed that magnetic energy has the ability to penetrate all facets of the human body and reach every cell. That translates to greater energy and vitality throughout the body as a whole. Consequently, supplemental biomagnetic therapy can help the body revitalize.
One normally revitalizes biological energy during sleep. This can be enhanced by sleeping in a magnetic field. Then, anabolic hormones, such as melatonin and DHEA, are made. Melatonin, made by the pineal gland, is a master hormone controlling the entire energy system.
Quicker Healing The medical community has known for years that pulsed biomagnetic therapy promotes the healing process, particularly of bone fractures. For over 40 years, many doctors have used pulsed biomagnetic therapy to treat fractures and have had a high rate of success. Several magnetic instruments have already been FDA-approved and sanctioned for both safety and therapeutic implications.
The success of this therapy is attributed, in part, to its facilitating the migration of calcium ions and osteoblasts to heal broken bones in less than the usual time. In addition, the migration of calcium occurs away from joints to reduce painful arthritic joint inflammation. The end result is the noninvasive promotion of natural healing, without the use of unnatural chemicals and drugs. Adequate magnetic energy also softens or eliminates scar tissue formed during the healing process.
Some doctors put magnets into the dressings over fractures. In fact, one veterinarian I know, who broke his ankle after falling from a horse, reported following this strategy on himself.
Increased Athletic Endurance and Performance For years, magnetic therapy has been used around the world on race horses to heal injuries and enhance performance. Doug Hannum, owner of the Equine Therapy Center in Camden, South Carolina, employs magnetic blankets along with other natural healing modalities on animals, and professional riders, such as five-time Olympian Bruce Davidson and world championship rider Dorothy Trapp, ship their steeds to Hannum for therapy.
Stunning successes with animals have prompted professional athletes to use magnets. The Russians may have been the first in recent athletic history to have adapted magnetic therapy to foster greater athletic strength and achievement. Today, many notable American athletes embrace this technology as well. Denver Bronco linebacker Bill Romanowski revitalized his aching body by sleeping on a magnetic mattress pad. Yankee pitcher Irabu plays with dozens of magnets stuck to his body. Top golfer Jim Colbert endorses magnets. And professional football player Steve Atwinter, a seven-time pro-bowler, says, "I am not waiting for scientists to bless it. I only know it works." Even high schools are turning to magnetic therapy to improve athletic performance.
Although the effect of increased endurance and performance is known, the cause is not definitively understood. It is felt that magnetic energy warms up the muscles and joints so that performance is increased. At least as important, serious injuries are reduced. In addition, it is known that magnetic energy increases blood flow to the muscles, thereby increasing strength at these work sites.
Specific Uses
In addition to its general benefits, biomagnetic therapy may help a variety of specific conditions. This is not to say that magnets will cure absolutely, irreversibly, and indefinitely. How much good they do varies from person to person and depends upon such factors as the depth of the problem, how long the condition has been in existence, and how strong the magnet is.
Also, when using magnets for chronic longstanding conditions, where the tissues have not been getting adequate blood flow, you may at first get an exacerbation of symptoms. Some people call this a healing crisis. The discomfort usually passes in 24 to 48 hours. In the meantime, one may wish to take some Tylenol, aspirin, or similar pain-relieving medication to help with the discomfort until the body starts to recover its circulation. One alternative is to decrease the length of time the magnet is worn in the beginning and to gradually increase the time.
When using magnets for healing purposes, the strength should generally be between 100 and 500 gauss. Most treatments employ static magnets. However, when treating fractures, either static or pulsed electromagnets can be useful. Here are some conditions for which magnets can be helpful.
Aging Magnets activate life-promoting enzymatic activity which, in turn, encourages normal cell division. This creates a healthier organism and may then slow down the aging process. Several studies on animals show magnetic therapy to increase lifespan. In order to balance the energy of the organs and glands throughout the body, it has been suggested that one apply magnetic fields to the whole body. Sleeping on a magnetic bed is an excellent way to accomplish this. Drinking magnetized water is another good habit to get into. Additionally, injured or weak areas of the body can be strengthened by applying magnets to these specific sites.
Amputations Many amputees suffer from a phenomenon called phantom pain; i.e., they feel pain in a limb that was removed. Many of these patients have vascular problems. Research shows that in many, magnets can improve the flow of blood in the stump and cause phantom pain to go away.
Appendicitis A northern or bipolar magnet can be placed over the affected area. In advanced infections, however, you should not hesitate to call a doctor, as this is an emergency situation.
Arthritis Magnetic therapy may be one of the most effective methods for achieving relief from arthritis, according to a recent study published in the "Journal of Rheumatology" (November 1997, p. 1200). Placing the north pole of a magnet over an inflamed area on a regular basis may be a key factor in improvement, especially for arthritis in the hands and feet. Magnetic therapy may help reduce bone and tissue degeneration.
Asthma and Bronchitis Wearing a strong neodymium magnet over the chest to cover the bronchial tubes and at an equal level on the back may help these conditions. In addition, sleeping on a magnetic mattress pad can be beneficial. It may take several days before breathing returns to normal, and magnets can be worn continuously during that time.
Scientific evidence supports the use of magnets in bronchitis, in both adults and children. In his clinical practice, Dr. William Pawluk reported success after a patient of his, who suffered from chronic bronchitis after having been poisoned by mustard gas, used magnet therapy. The use of this treatment resulted in a greater ease of breathing.
Breast Fissures Breast fissures are skin wounds that occur in women who are breastfeeding. Placing magnets over the wounded skin can help the fissure heal more quickly.
Burns Magnets can help speed up the healing of all but the most serious burns. They are good to keep around the kitchen for burns received after touching a hot stove or picking up something that is scalding. Magnets should be placed over the site of injury. For slightly more serious burns, the use of magnets may help reduce the need for analgesics to control pain..
Cancer Cells depolarize before becoming metastatic, and so one can speculate on how this approach may have been successful in those clinical cases that have responded to magnet therapy. When using magnets for cancer, remember the following rules of thumb: The magnetic pole used must be negative. The field should be larger than the primary lesion and the gauss greater than 25. Success rate increases if both the gauss and duration are increased. A minimal duration of 20 hours per day for no less than three months is required in most cases. The therapeutic effect is, in part, a result of the negative pole producing alkaline hyperoxia (abundance of oxygen). Cancer cells form their energy by making ATP in an acid anaerobic environment, which is termed acid hypoxia.
Russian reports indicate that using magnetic therapy along with chemotherapy increases success in the treatment of brain tumors. Patients given magnetic therapy were less sick than patients who did not receive it, and they recovered more quickly. They also had fewer problems with their adrenal glands, which chemotherapy can sometimes affect.
Since the amount of information available on magnetic therapy with cancer is so limited, and since cancer is such a serious condition, one should never consider magnets as a sole therapy.
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Magnets can be applied to the front and back of the wrist to help this hard-to-heal condition. While the symptoms can be controlled with the help of magnets, one should not expect the condition to be automatically cured.
Cervicitis The Russians have designed magnets for intravaginal use to alleviate chronic cervicitis. They are placed in the vagina, next to the cervix. While this method may be useful for chronic cervicitis, it probably should not be used for acute infections, such as yeast infections.
Circulatory Problems One can place magnetic strips along the forearm and sleep on a magnetic pad at night.
Depression When magnets are placed over the head, they can help lift one's mood and promote relaxation.
Dermatitis As magnets decrease swelling of any kind, they can be placed over any area of inflamed, red, itchy skin with favorable results.
Ear Pain Magnets can be placed over the painful site. Medical advice should also be sought, though, particularly for children.
Endometriosis This painful condition causes little blood spots inside the pelvis and is characterized by tissue irritation, inflammation, and pain. Women with infertility problems often suffer from this. Benefit can be realized through magnetic therapy, although it might take several months. In one study, good results were seen when 250-gauss magnets were placed over the lower abdomen for six to 12 hours.
Fibromyalgia One should sleep on a magnetic mattress pad and use a magnetic pillow. Magnets can also be placed over painful areas during the day.
Foot and Leg Problems Magnetic insoles will increase circulation and help conditions such as numbness, burning, aches, restlessness, and leg cramps. In addition, one should sleep on a magnetic mattress pad.
Head Injuries Head injuries, even mild ones, can leave people with chronic, debilitating problems, many of which show up years later as headaches, memory disorders, chronic fatigue syndrome, eye problems, irritability, or other symptoms. Magnets placed around the head and neck can correct the electrical imbalance precipitated by the injury.
Heart Disease A neodymium magnet worn over the heart may assist the body in healing itself, and may, in time, allow one to lessen or discontinue medications. Of course, one should always follow a physician's advice.
Some of the effects of magnets on circulatory function are greater blood vessel dilation and increased oxygenation of tissues. Biomagnetic therapy may also improve vascular resistance and decrease the stickiness of blood platelets. People with a peripheral vascular disorder and arteriosclerosis may therefore benefit from magnetic therapy. Biomagnetic therapy may also undo blockages throughout the body, such as in the vessels of the lower extremities, the arteries in the neck, and the blood vessels in the hands and arms. By opening up a blockage in the heart, magnets may help prevent or improve ischemic heart disease, angina, and heart attacks.
Muscle Spasms One of the major actions of magnets is to decrease spasms in muscles. If you pull a back muscle or you're under a lot of stress, those muscles may tighten up. Placing small round magnets or little block magnets over those areas can make a significant difference.
Dr. Pawluk* reports additional relief when acupuncture meridians are stimulated with magnets: "In some patients, myself included, I've placed a magnetic pad over the sacral area because it hits the bladder meridian going up the back. The bladder meridian controls the energy flowing through the muscles, all the way up and down the back, including, to some extent, the shoulders. If you increase the energy flow along the bladder area, it will help a muscle problem or tension up into the shoulders."
Muscle Strains and Sprains and Joint Pain Dr. Pawluk* reports success after applying a magnet over the site of a torn muscle: "While playing with the family dog, I tore a muscle in my calf. It was very painful. I covered the area with a large magnetic pad, one that was probably 8 x 10 inches wide. And I wrapped an Ace bandage around that. I wore that for three days. It made a significant improvement in the pain and discomfort and reduced the bruising around the tissues."
Local applications are appropriate for these types of problems. Wear the magnet for several hours, and then take a break from it. Either wear the magnet all day and take it off during the night or vice versa. The same rule applies to joint pain. A magnet can be taped over the joint for a set period of time. Additional benefit can be derived if magnets are placed over corresponding acupuncture points.
Inexpensive Radio Shack magnets can be very effective when worn over the site of a local strain or sprain.
Neuritis The Russians performed a study of 39 neuritis patients on medication alone, and an equal number on medicine plus magnetic treatments. Magnets were placed along the spine, even though the neuropathy may have been experienced in the arms. The assumption was that some of the information processing originated in the spine. Therefore, treating the spine would be reflected in improvement in the arms. The experiment found a great degree of improvement in both groups, but particularly in the group receiving medication plus magnetic treatment. Pain was reduced and nerve reflexes improved.
Post-Polio Syndrome Recently, a study was performed examining the effect of bipolar magnets on post-polio syndrome, a condition characterized by muscle tenderness and pain in patients who have had polio. The condition occurs years after the original damage from the polio virus. Application of magnets to these tender, painful spots was shown to alleviate pain in this double-blind placebo-controlled study, the results of which were published in the November 1997 issue of the "Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation".
Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnets act as an anti-inflammatory, and therefore help some chronic inflammatory conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Surgery Some studies have shown that using magnets for 24 to 48 hours before surgery, over the site where the incision will be made, results in better post-operative recovery. Additionally, wearing magnets over a wound after the sutures have been put in can also speed up healing.
Length of Exposure
In many studies using magnets, patients experience favorable results with intermittent use as opposed to continual wear. In other research and clinical experience, conditions are alleviated when magnets are worn full-time. This raises questions for further research: Should magnets be worn all the time or should they be worn for certain intervals? Should the length of time they are worn vary from condition to condition or person to person?
Dr. Pawluk* asserts that research shows that if magnets are worn all the time, the body may adapt to the field and establish a new level of homeostasis. This can be compared, Pawluk explains, to walking into a room that has the scent of flowers. After one is there awhile, the smell becomes imperceptible. The body may, therefore, need a periodic time-off from magnets.
In the twenty-first century, medicine will change from a field dominated by chemistry and surgery to one that promotes the body's own healing ability, and biomagnetic therapy will surely play a big part in this shift. At present, while magnetism's ability to alleviate a variety of conditions is well-documented, we do not completely understand how this happens. So more basic research is needed. We need, too, to provide greater knowledge about how to manipulate magnets for the best effects. As we increase both our scientific and clinical understanding, skeptics in the medical community will be won over to this vitally important healing modality.
A burgeoning field of inquiry involves methods of slowing the aging process. Anti-aging research to date has focused on medicinal herbs, hormones, and nutrients that enhance health but do not necessarily lengthen the genetically determined lifespan. A popular belief has been that each cell has a figurative biological clock that predetermines senescence and maximum lifespan. For years, scientists have tried to identify the exact nature of this clock, and recently, they seem to have done so. It seems that each time a normal cell divides it loses small portions of the ends of its chromosomes, which are regions called telomeres. When telomeres are shortened to a certain critical length, the cell can no longer divide. This results in the cell growing old and eventually dying.
Part of this divisional activity requires bonding of proteins to each other through a process known as hydrogen bonding. It is known that hydrogen bonds are influenced by magnetic fields, and there is a possibility that magnetic fields can be used to affect hydrogen bonding in a way that will reset the biological clock.
Another factor in aging is a decrease in the production of the hormone DHEA. It is known that magnetic energy can influence hormone production from the pineal gland. It will be interesting to determine if this therapy can influence the production of DHEA, with a resultant slowing of the aging process.®PG¯
*Dr. William Pawluk can be reached at:
William Pawluk, MD
P.O. Box 366
325 Centerton Road
Rancocas, NJ 08073
609-267-9085, Fax 609-267-8615
[email protected]
Dr. Pawluk's Book on Magnetic Therapy:
Magnetic Therapy in Eastern
Europe: Review of 30 Years of Research
by J. Jerabek & William Pawluk, MD
Published 1998
Where to Get Magnetic Products
Albert Roy Davis Research Labs
Walter C. Rawls (for information and books)
P.O. Box 655
Green Cove Springs, FL 32043
904-264-8564
American Health Service
694 S. Waukegan Rd., Dept. F
Lake Forest, IL 60045
1-800-544-7521
Ameriflex, Inc.®MDNM
232 NE Lincoln St., Suite G
Hillsboro, OR 97124
503-640-0810
Fax: 503-640-0517
Dr. John Zimmerman
2490 W. Moana Ln.
Reno, NV 89509
702-827-9099
Dr. Zimmerman provides a comprehensive information package on over two dozen companies selling therapeutic magnetic products, ranging from the two largest, Nikken and Japan Life, all the way to mom-and-pop operations that sell far less. Some that he recommends highly are Nikken, Magnet Therapy, Inc. (also called Tectonics), and Magnet Relief. The latter is particularly noteworthy for its well-designed magnetic pads. His packet costs $10, which helps to provide support for the Bio-Electro-Magnetics Institute to carry on its research.
Bio-Magnetics
Attn.: Larry Molnar
P.O. Box 223
Bowie, AZ 85605
602-847-2209
Body Magnetics
871 Thrall Avenue
Suffield, CT 06078
203-231-2377
Breakthrough Media, Inc
5065 SW 153rd Avenue
Beaverton, OR 97007
800-321-5641
Dendee International
Dennis & Delores Mosher
P.O. Box 106
Clearlake, IA 50428
515-357-7893
Enviro-Tech Products
Dr. William or Katherine Philpott
or Len or Joyce Lothrup
17171 SE 29th St.
Choctaw, OK 73020
800-445-1962
405-390-3499
Fax: 405-390-2968
His Way Magnetic Health Products
Route 30 Mall
Clementon, NJ 08021
800-307-9991
HSW Systems
Russell Hojnowski
P.O. Box 68127
Virginia Beach, VA 23471
800-793-3757
http://www.soul-utions.com
Interceptor Industries
Bio-Magnetic Products
P.O. Box 827
Lake Orion, MI 48361
888-736-8811
Japan Life
(multilevel marketing company)
One Executive Drive
Fort Lee, NJ 07024
201-944-7790
Fax: 201-944-5507
LHASA Medical, Inc.
539 Accord Station
Accord, MA 02018-0539
800-722-8775
617-335-6484
Fax: 617-335-6296
Magna-Pak, Inc.
P.O. Box 27106
London, Ontario
Canada N5X 3X5
MagneTherapy Products
4926 Indian Springs Ct.
Plant City, FL 33565
813-757-0508
813-757-6770
MagnetiCo, Inc.
Dr. Dean Bonlie
#107, 5421 11th St N.E.
Calgary, Alberta T2E 6M4 Canada
800-265-1119
403-730-0883
Magnetic Health Products
5 Burns Street
Byron Bay, 2481 UK
066-857-842 (tel./fax)
Magnetic Therapeutic Technology, Inc.
1701 W. Walnut Hills Lane #110
Irving, TX 75038
800-371-1113
214-756-6667
Magnetic Wellness Centers
9711 Montgomery Rd.
Cincinattti, OH 45242
800-484-7964 (code 1956)
Magnet-X Corporation
#8, 2180 Pegasus Way
Calgary, Alberta T2E 8M5 Canada
800-667-0000
403-291-3090
Mid-American Marketing
PO Box 124
Eaton, OH 45320
1-800-922-1744
219-749-6666
Fax: 513-456-5424
NeuroMagnetic Systems
William or Leane Roffey-Orlando
999 E. Basse Rd., Suite 180
San Antonio, TX 78209
210-824-5352
Nikken, Inc.
(multilevel marketing company)
10866 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 250
Los Angeles, CA 90024
800-669-8859
310-446-4300
Norso Biomagnetics, Inc.
Jim Sauder
4105 Starboard Court
Raleigh, NC 27613
800-480-8601
919-783-5911
919-781-8374
Oriental Medical Supplies, Inc.
1950 Washington Street
Braintree, MA 02184
800-323-1839
617-331-3370
Fax: 617-335-5770
Planetary Herbal Products
Box 7145
Santa Cruz, CA 95061
800-464-1233
Post International
P.O. Box 788
Roy, WA 98580
206-843-1321
PsychoPhysics Labs
Dr. Buryl Payne
4264 Topsail Ct.
Soquel, CA 95073
408-462-1588
Quantum Magnetics
Magnet Relief Products
2602 South Dixie Highway, Suite 7
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
800-525-0644
561-832-9971.
R.D.G. Technologies, Inc
Bill Roper
913 9th Terrace
Palm Beach Gardens, FL 33418
407-625-0462
SBJ Enterprises
4036 W. Grand Blanc Road #800
Swartz Creek, MI 48472
810-750-8484
Tengam
Tom Nellessen
4957 Bittrich-Antler Road
Dear Park, WA 99006
509-276-2054
The Anatomy of Biomagnetism
By Albert Roy Davis, Ph.D
The Art of Magnetic Healing
By Santwani
Biomagnetic Handbook: A Guide to Medical
Magnets: The Energy of Tomorrow
By William H. Philpott, M.D. and Sharon Taplin
The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and The
Foundation of Life
By Robert O. Becker, M.D., and Gary Seldon
The Body Magnetic
By Dr. Buryl Payne
The Book of Magnetic Healing & Treatments
By Noel C. Norris
The Cancer Cure that Worked: Fifty Years of
Suppression
By Barry Lynes with John Crane
Cross Currents
By Robert O. Becker
Discovery of Magnetic Health: A Health Care
Alternative
By George J. Washnis and Richard Z. Hircak
The Electric Wilderness
By Andrew Marino and Joel Ray
Electromagnetic Pollution Solution
By Glen Swartout
Getting Started in Magnetic Healing
By Dr. Buryl Payne
Healing Magnetism
By Heinz Schiegl
Magnet Therapy
By Holger Hannemann
Magnetic Therapy in Eastern Europe: Review of 30
Years of Research
by J. Jerabek & William Pawluk, MD
Published 1998
The Magnetic Blueprint of Life
By Albert Roy Davis and Walter C. Rawls, Jr.
The Magnetic Effect
By Albert Roy Davis and Walter C. Rawls, Jr.
Magnetic Field Therapy Handbook
By R. Allen Walls
Magnet Therapy: Balancing Your Body's Energy
Flow for Self-Healing
By Holger Hanneman
Magnet Therapy Theory and Practice
By Dr. Neville S. Bengali
Magnetic/Oxygen Answer for Infection and
Toxicity
By William H. Philpott, M.D.
Magnetism and its Effect on the Living System
By Albert Roy Davis and Walter C. Rawls, Jr.
Medical Magnets: Nature's Healing Energy
By Barbara Gordon
The Secret of Life: Cosmic Rays and Radiations
of Living Beings
By Georges Lakhovsky
Terminal Shock: The Health Hazards of Video
Display Terminals
By Bob Dematto
Your Complete Guide to TENS
By Barbara Gordon
Vibrational Medicine: New Choices for Healing
Ourselves
By Richard Gerber
The Zapping of America: Microwaves, Their Deadly
Risk, and the Coverup
By Paul Brodeur
PEER-REVIEWED SCIENTIFIC STUDIES
|
|
Click the number at the end of each paragraph in this section to see the relevant endnote. |
Following are descriptions of recent studies,
published in peer-reviewed scientific journals, on the impact of treatment with
magnetic fields on a variety of conditions.
Alzheimer's Disease
This article reports on two Alzheimer's patients who experienced significant
improvement in visual memory and drawing performance following the external
application of electromagnetic fields ranging from 5 to 8 Hz. Improvements were
also seen in other cognitive functions, including spatial orientation, mood,
short-term memory, and social interactions.1
Noting that the disorganization of circadian
rhythm (the daily biological clock) may be causally related to memory
deterioration in old age and possibly to Alzheimer's disease, this article
argues that the use of magnetic fields could lead to memory improvement among
the elderly by means of resynchronization, or resetting, of the circadian
rhythms.2
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou
Gehrig's Disease)
This article reports on three patients with amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis who experienced beneficial effects following treatment consisting of
three sessions per week of pulsed magnetic fields administered via a Magnobiopulse
apparatus. Patients received upwards of 75 total sessions prior to achieving
maximum recovery.3
Ankle Sprain
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that treatment
with two 30-minute sessions of noninvasive pulsed radiofrequency therapy is
effective in significantly decreasing the time required for edema reduction in
patients suffering from lateral ankle sprains.4
Arthritis
This study found that 3 hours of exposure to a 50-Hz magnetic field
significantly inhibited experimentally induced inflammation and suppressed
arthritis in rats.5
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of pulsed electrical fields administered over a period of
4 weeks in the treatment of arthritis of the hand. Results showed significant
clinical improvement in patients receiving the therapy relative to controls.7
In this general review article on the treatment
of patients with psoriatic arthritis with magnetic fields, the authors state
that an alternating low-frequency magnetic field (30-40 mT) from such
generators as "Polius-1" and "Polius-101" improves the
clinical state of afflicted joints. Such treatments are normally carried out for
30 minutes per day over a period of 15 to 20 days.8
This study examined the effects of magnetolaser
therapy either itself or in combination with conventional drugs in patients
suffering from rheumatoid arthritis. Magnetolaser therapy involved the use of
an AMLT-01 device and consisted of 6-minute exposures daily over a total of 14
days. Results showed a marked improvement following the first 3 days of
magnetolaser therapy, with the strongest positive effects experienced by
patients characterized as suffering from mild to moderate levels of the
disease. At the end of the magnetolaser therapy course, 90 percent of patients
showed improvement.9
This study examined the effects of low-frequency
magnetic fields (from a "Polius-1" device) in patients 7 to 14 years
old suffering from juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment consisted of 10
daily exposures of 10 to 12 minutes each. Results showed beneficial effects in
58, 76, and 37 percent of patients in each of three experimental groups.10
This study examined the effects of low-frequency
and constant magnetic fields in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis
and osteoarthrosis. Low-frequency magnetic fields were shown to produce
beneficial effects in patients with both stage I and II rheumatoid arthritis
and with osteoarthrosis deformans, especially with respect to the wrists,
knees, and ankles.11
Blepharitis (infection of the eyelid)
Results of this study indicated that the use of an alternating magnetic field
in conjunction with a magnetic ointment containing reduced iron powder had
beneficial effects in patients with chronic blepharitis.12
Bone Fractures
This study examined the effects of bone grafting and pulsed electromagnetic
fields on a group of 83 adults with ununited fractures. Results showed a
successful healing rate of 87 percent in the 38 patients originally treated
with bone grafts and PEMF for ununited fractures with wide gaps, synovial
pseudarthrosis, and malalignment. A healing rate of 93 percent was shown among
the 45 patients who had initially been unsuccessfully treated with PEMF alone
and had bone-grafting and were re-treated with pulsing electromagnetic fields.14
This study examined the effects of pulsing
electromagnetic fields on 125 patients suffering from ununited fractures of the
tibial diaphysis. Results showed a healing rate of 87 percent.15
Results of this study showed treatment with
pulsed electromagnetic fields resulted in an overall success rate of at least
75 percent in patients suffering from tibial lesions.16
This review article makes the following
observations with respect to the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields in
treating ununited fractures, failed arthrodeses, and congenital pseudarthroses.
The treatment has been shown to be more than 90 percent effective in adult
patients. In cases where union does not occur with PEMFs alone after
approximately four months, PEMF treatment coupled with fresh bone grafts
ensures a maximum failure rate of only 1 to 1.5 percent. For those with delayed
union three to four months following fracture, PEMFs appear to be more
successful than in patients treated with other conservative methods. For more
serious conditions, including infected nonunions, multiple surgical failures,
long-standing atrophic lesions, failed knee arthrodeses after removal of
infected prostheses, and congenital pseudarthroses, PEMF treatment has
exhibited success in most patients.17
Results of this study found that 35 of 44
nonunited scaphoid fractures 6 months or older healed in a mean time of 4.3
months during pulsed electromagnetic field treatment using external coils and a
thumb spica cast. 18
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in femoral neck fracture
patients undergoing conventional therapy. PEMF treatment was started within two
weeks of fracture, and patients were instructed to make use of the
electromagnetic device for 8 hours per day over a 90-day period. Results showed
beneficial effects relative to controls after 18 months of follow-up.19
This review article on pulsing electromagnetic
fields in the treatment of bone fracture observes that the surgically
noninvasive outpatient method approved by the FDA in 1979 produced confirmed
end results in 1007 ununited fractures and 71 failed arthrodeses, with an
overall success rate at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center of 81 percent; an
international success rate of 79 percent, and a success rate with other
patients in the U.S. of 76 percent.22
Results of this double-blind study showed
significant healing effects of low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields in
patients treated with femoral intertrochanteric osteotomy for hip degenerative
arthritis.25
In this study, 147 patients with fractures of
the tibia, femur, and humerus who had failed to benefit from surgery received
treatment with external skeletal fixation in situ and pulsed electromagnetic
fields. Results indicated an overall success rate of 73 percent. Femur union
was seen in 81 percent and tibia union in 75 percent.26
This study examined the effects of
extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields (1-1000 Hz, 4 gauss) on new bone
fractures of female patients. Results led the authors to suggest that EMF
treatment accelerates the early stages of fracture healing.27
This study examined the preventive effects of
low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields against delayed union in rat
fibular osteotomies and diaphyseal tibia fractures in humans. Results indicated
such treatment modulated and accelerated fracture union in both groups.29
This article discusses the cases of two children
with bone malunion following lengthening of congenitally shortened lower legs.
Pulsed sinusoidal magnetic field treatment was beneficial for both patients.30
Results of this study showed that 13 of 15 cases
of long-bone nonunion treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields in combination
with Denham external fixator united within several months.31
Results of this study found electromagnetic
field stimulation to be an effective treatment for nonunion among a group of 37
French patients.32
Results of this study found treatment induced
pulsing to be beneficial in patients suffering from nonunions unresponsive to
surgery.33
In this interview with Dr. C. Andrew L. Bassett,
a physician researching the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields for the past
30 years at Columbia University's Orthopedic Research Lab, Dr. Bassett notes
that approximately 10,000 of the 12,000-plus orthopedic surgeons in the U.S.
have used pulsed electromagnetic fields on at least one patient. Many such
surgeons have incorporated the therapy on a more regular basis. He estimates
that a total of at least 65,000 patients nationwide have received the
treatment, with a probable success rate of between 80 and 90 percent. Use of
the treatment has been primarily in patients suffering from nonunited
fractures, fusion failures, and pseudoarthrosis.34
Results of this study showed pulsed
electromagnetic fields to have beneficial healing effects in patients suffering
from difficult to treat and surgically resistant bone nonunions.35
This review article notes that the use of pulsed
electromagnetic fields began in 1974, and that 250,000 nonunion patients have
received the treatment since. The author argues that success rates are
comparable to those of bone grafting, and that PEMF treatment is more
cost-effective and free of side effects. The FDA approved PEMF use in 1982,
although it remains widely unused due to physician misunderstanding and lack of
knowledge concerning the treatment.36
This 7-year study examined data on more than
11,000 cases of nonunions treated with pulsed electromagnetic fields for up to
10 to 12 hours per day. Results indicated an overall success rate of 75
percent.37
This study examined the effects of low-frequency
electromagnetic fields (1-1000 Hz) on middle-aged female patients suffering
from fresh radius fractures. Results showed significant increases in scintimetric
activity surrounding the fracture area after two weeks of EMF treatment
relative to controls.38
This study examined the effects of constant
magnetic fields in patients suffering from fractures. Results showed that
magnetic exposure reduced pain and the onset of edema shortly after trauma.
Where edema was already present, the treatment exhibited marked
anti-inflammatory effects. The strongest beneficial effects occurred in
patients suffering from fractures of the ankle joints.39
Results of this study found that 10 hours per
day of electromagnetic stimulation (1.0-1.5 mV) produced complete union in 23
of 26 patients receiving the treatment for nonjoined fractures.40
This review article looks at the history of
pulsed electromagnetic fields as a means of bone repair. The author argues that
success rates have been either superior or equivalent to those of surgery, with
PEMF free of side effects and risk.41
Bronchitis
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that
both low-frequency electromagnetic field treatment and treatment with pulsed
electromagnetic fields proved effective in patients suffering from chronic
bronchitis when coupled with standard drug therapies. Magnetic field treatment
consisted of a total of 15 15-20-minute daily exposures.42
Cancer
Results of this study found that prolonged exposure to a 7-tesla
uniform static magnetic field for a period of 64 hours inhibited growth of
three human tumor cell lines in vitro.43
This study examined the effects of a rotational
magnetic field on a group of 51 breast cancer patients. Results showed a
significant positive response in 27 of them.44
Results of this study indicated that exposure to
a rotational magnetic field inhibited Walker's carcinoma tumor growth as much
as 90 percent in some cases.45
Results of this study indicated that pulsed
magnetic field stimulation increased the incorporation of antitumor agents into
cells, and thus increased antitumor activity shifting the cell cycle to a
proliferative from a nonproliferative phase.46
Results of this study found that 20-30 sessions
of magnetotherapy administered preoperatively exhibited antitumor effects in
patients suffering from lung cancer.47
This study examined the effects of microwave
resonance therapy (MRT) in patients suffering from various forms of cancer.
Results showed that MRT treatment prior to surgery reduced the spread of
cancer-associated conditions and reduced the risk associated with surgery in 87
percent of patients. MRT applied postoperatively had beneficial effects in 68
percent.50
Results of this study proved that the
combination of weak pulsed electromagnetic fields with antioxidant
supplementation is beneficial in the treatment of patients suffering from
tongue cancer, improving speech, pain control, and tolerance to chemotherapy.51
Results of this controlled study indicated that
treatment with a constant magnetic field significantly improved long-term
(3-year) survival time in patients undergoing radiation therapy for cancer of
the throat. Constant magnetic field therapy consisted of the application of 300
mT for 30 minutes to tumor and metastasizing regions immediately prior to each irradiation.52
Results of this Russian study indicated that the
use of whole body eddy magnetic fields, coupled with more conventional cancer
therapies (including magnetotherapy) is effective in the treatment of patients
suffering from a variety of different malignancies.53
This article reports on the case of a
48-year-old-woman with breast cancer who was treated successfully with
magnetotherapy. Infiltration showed a marked decrease following 30 whole body
exposures to an eddy magnetic field for 60 minutes. One metastatic node
disappeared while the size of others was reduced following 60 such exposures. A
total regression of tumor and metastases was seen following the completion of a
course of 110 exposures.54
This study examined the effects of whole body
magnetic fields (16.5-35 G, 50-165 Hz) on patients suffering from different
forms of cancer. Treatment consisted of 15 cycles, each 1-20 minutes in
duration, and was coupled with more traditional cancer therapies. Results
showed that the magnetotherapy had overall beneficial effects, particularly
with respect to improved immune status and postoperative recovery.55
Cardiovascular/Coronary Heart Disease
Results of this study found that the addition of magnetotherapy to the
treatment of patients suffering from ischemic heart disease and osteochondrosis
led to clinical improvements.57
Results of this study involving 23 parasystolic
children found that low-frequency magnetic field exposure improved humoral and
cellular processes involved in the regulation of cardiac rhythm.58
The authors of this study report on their development
of a polymagnetic system called Avrora-MK-01 used to administer impulse
magnetic fields to diseases of the leg vessels. Results indicated positive
effects on peripheral capillaries in 75-82 percent of patients receiving the
treatment at a pre-gangrene stage.59
Results of this study showed exposure to
low-frequency alternating magnetic fields had beneficial effects in children
with primary arterial hypertension, as seen in the attenuation of sympathetic
and vagotonic symptoms.60
This study demonstrated that traveling pulsed
magnetic field and magnetic laser treatment produced beneficial effects in
patients suffering from the initial stages of essential hypertension.61
In this article, the authors propose a new
approach to treating atherosclerosis through the alteration of biophysical
properties both intracellularly and extracellularly. Citing their own
preliminary data, they suggest atherosclerotic lesions might be selectively
resolved without harming normal blood vessels allowing the lesions to take up
the magnetically excitable submicron particles and then applying an external
alternating electromagnetic field.62
This study examined the effects of constant
MKM2-1 magnets on essential hypertension patients. Results indicated the
treatment decreased arterial pressure in stage II patients, with magnetotherapy
being shown to produce beneficial effects on the central hemodynamics and
microcirculation.63
Results from several recent studies conducted
the author are reviewed. Conclusions are that pulsed electromagnetic fields
exhibit protective effects against necrosis from acute ischemia in rats,
cerebral infarcts in rabbits, and myocardium infarcts in rats.64
This study examined the effects of extremely
high frequency electromagnetic radiation (EHF EMR) in 93 patients suffering
ischemic heart disease. EHF treatment consisted of 10 to 15 exposures of the
lower end of the sternum from a 'Yav'-1-7,1 device. Treatment was performed
five times weekly for a total of 30 minutes per day, with drug therapy being
maintained during this period. Positive results tended to occur after 5 to 6
treatment sessions, with a good or satisfactory response being reported in 82
of 93 patients, and lasting as long as 11 months after hospital release.65
This review article concerning the clinical
application of electromagnetic fields notes that microwave therapy has been
shown to improve local circulation and vascular tone, increase the volume of
functional capillaries, lower hypertension, stimulate protein and carbohydrate
metabolism, stimulate the pituitary-adrenal system, produce anti-inflammatory
effects, and improve digestive organ function. Studies have shown decimeter
wave therapy capable of stimulating the secretory function of the stomach, as
well as blood circulation, respiratory function, and the immune system. Side
effects have been reported in both human and animal studies.67
In this study, 30 myocardial infarction patients
received millimeter-wave (MW) therapy in the form of 10 exposures of 30 minutes
per day, with a 2-day interruption after the fifth exposure. Patients continued
conventional drug treatment during the MW therapy period. Better results were
seen in those patients exposed to the MW therapy relative to an equal number of
patients receiving conventional treatment only.68
This study examined the effects of millimeter
wave therapy in approximately 450 patients suffering from a variety of
diseases, including those of the musculoskeletal, digestive, pulmonary, and
nervous systems. Treatment consisted of 25-30 minutes per day using the
"Porog-1" apparatus and generally lasted for a period of up to 10
days. Results showed positive effects in over 87 percent of the patients.69
Results of this study found that the use of
magnetophore therapy (constant magnets applied to adrenal regions 10 hours per
day for 15 days) significantly improved symptoms associated with hypertension
in about 35 percent of patients studied, with mild improvement seen in 30
percent, and no improvement in 35 percent. Patients receiving decimeter-band
waves (460 MHz, field intensity of 35-45 W, for 10-15 minutes per day for a
total of 15 days) experienced similar results.70
Results of this placebo-controlled study
demonstrated a 76-percent effectiveness rate for running impulse magnetic field
therapy in a group of arterial hypertensive patients. Treatment consisted of
two 25-minute exposures per day over a period of 10-20 total exposures, at
frequencies of 10 or 100 Hz and magnetic field intensity of 3 or 10 mT.71
This study examined the efficacy of the
reinfusion of autologous blood following magnetic field exposure in
hypertensive patients. Positive effects were found in 92 percent of patients receiving
the treatment.73
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of magnetotherapy in patients suffering from first- or
second-stage hypertension. A magnetic field of 50 Hz, 15-25 mT was applied to
acupuncture points He-Gu and Shen'-Men for 15-20 seconds per day for a total of
9-10 days. Results: The treatment improved headaches in 88 percent of patients,
dizziness in 89 percent, and irritability in 88 percent. In general, 95 percent
of hypertensive patients experienced beneficial effects from the treatment, and
the morbidity rate decreased twofold following one course extended over a
period of 5-6 months.74
This placebo-controlled study examined the
effects of constant and of running magnetic fields in patients suffering from
stage II hypertension. Results found that constant magnetic fields exhibited
benefits in 68 percent of patients treated, and running magnetic fields were
helpful in 78 percent. Only 30 percent of controls showed improvement. Constant
magnetic field treatment consisted of constant magnets applied to the inner
side of the wrist on each hand for 35-40 minutes daily over a period of 7-10
days. Running magnetic field treatment involved the use of a
"Alimp-1" apparatus for 20 minutes per day for a total of 12-15 days.76
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
found that magnetotherapy was effective in the treatment of symptoms associated
with stage II hypertension, such as headache, dizziness, and cardiodynia. The
therapy consisted of permanent circular magnets (16 mT) applied to the inner
forearm for 30-45 minutes per day over a period of 10 sessions.77
This controlled study examined the effects of
magnetotherapy in patients suffering from neurocirculatory hypotension (low
blood pressure) or hypertension (high blood pressure). Treatment consisted of a
running pulsed magnetic field generated an "ALIMP" device (0.5 mT,
300 Hz) administered for 20 minutes per day over a course of 10 days. Patients
suffering from hypotension did not benefit significantly from the
magnetotherapy. Hypertension patients, however, showed a marked improvement
with respect to symptoms including headache, chest pain, extremity numbness,
abnormal systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and work capacity.80
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
found that low-frequency, low-intensity electrostatic fields (40-62 Hz)
administered for 12-14 minutes per day helped normalize blood pressure in
patients suffering from hypertension.81
This study examined the effects of low-frequency
alternating magnetic fields in patients suffering from arteriosclerosis or
osteoarthrosis deformans. Treatment involved 10-15 minute daily leg exposures
over a total of 15 days. Results showed the treatment to be effective in 80
percent of arteriosclerosis patients and 70 percent of those with
osteoarthrosis deformans.82
This study examined the effects of low-frequency
magnetic fields (25 mT) in patients suffering atherosclerotic encephalopathy.
Treatment involved 10-15 minute daily exposures over a total of 10-15
applications. Results showed clinical improvements with respect to chest pain,
vertigo, headache, and other symptoms.83
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
This study examined the effects of alternating magnetic fields (15-20
minutes per day over a period of 20 days) in patients suffering from chronic
venous insufficiency, varicose veins, and trophic shin ulcers. Results showed
good effects in 236 of the 271 patients receiving the treatment. Thirty-four
patients reported satisfactory effects. Only one patient experienced no
effects.85
This review article notes that magnetotherapy in
a variety of forms has been successfully used in the treatment of chronic venous
insufficiency and is a commonly used physical therapy for the condition.86
This study examined the effects of running
impulse magnetic fields in patients suffering from vessel obliteration diseases
of the legs. Treatment consisted of 15-20 whole body exposures (0.5-5 mT, 1-2
Hz) lasting 15-20 minutes each. Results showed treatment led to a significant
reduction in the number of patients experiencing leg pain while at rest. Among
patients previously unable to walk a 500-m distance, 52 percent were able to
complete the distance following treatment. Circulation improved in 75-82
percent of patients.87
Dental Problems
This placebo-controlled study examined the effects of micromagnets in
the treatment of periodontal disease. Micromagnets were attached to the skin
over areas of inflammation for a period ranging from 1 to 8 days, with the
number of magnets used at once varying from 1 to 6. The course of treatment
lasted as long as 4 weeks. Results indicated that patients receiving the
micromagnet therapy experienced earlier and more trouble-free recoveries
following oral surgery, as well as less pain relative to controls.99
This controlled study examined the effects of
adjunctive Diapulse electromagnetic therapy on oral surgery recovery. Patients
received the therapy once per day beginning between 3 to 5 days prior to oral
surgery. Therapy was maintained until the point of hospital release. Results
found the therapy produced significant healing relative to controls, who
received conventional treatment only.100
This study found that patients suffering from
various oral diseases experienced more rapid healing when treated with both
conventional therapies and 30 minutes per day of pulsed electromagnetic fields
(5 mT, 30 Hz), as opposed to conventional therapies alone.101
Depression
This review article examined the literature concerning the use of
transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. Results showed
the high-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment to
be an effective, side-effect free therapy for depression that may hold promise
for treating related psychiatric disorders as well.103
Noting that there is good reason to believe the
pineal gland is a magnetosensitive system and that application of magnetic
fields in experimental animals has a similar effect to that of acute exposure
to light with respect to melatonin secretion, the authors propose that magnetic
treatment could be a beneficial new therapy for winter depression in humans.104
This review article notes that transcranial magnetic
stimulation has been shown to elicit antidepressant effects, electically
stimulating deep regions of the brain.105
In this theoretical paper, the author argues
that deep, low-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation can produce therapeutic
effects equivalent to those of electroconvulsive therapy but without the
dangerous side effects.106
This study examined the effects of millimeter
wave (MW) therapy as a supplemental treatment in patients suffering from
various types of depression. MW therapy involved the use of a
"Yav'-1" apparatus (5.6 mm wavelength, 53 GHz), and consisted of up
to 60 minutes of exposure per day, 2 to 3 times per week, for a total of as
many as 15 exposures. Results showed that combined MW/conventional treatment
produced a complete recovery in over 50 percent of cases studied, a significant
improvement in 41 percent, and some improvement in 8 percent. Recovery rates
among controls (conventional treatment only) were 4, 48, and 41 percent,
respectively.108
Results of this study led researchers to
conclude that patients suffering from major depression experienced a
significant reduction of depressive symptoms following treatment with
transcranial magnetic stimulation coupled with standard medication relative to
patients taking the medicine. This was true after just three TMS treatments.109
Dermatitis
This study examined the effects of conventional treatments combined
with millimeter wave (MW) therapy (54- to 70-GHz frequency, 8-15 daily
exposures of 15-30 minutes each) on patients suffering from atopic dermatitis.
Results indicated that the MW therapy was well-tolerated all patients, with the
rash generally regressing after 7-8 exposures. Marked recovery was seen among
78 percent of patients receiving the combination treatments. Two-year follow-up
showed a 23-percent relapse rate among combination patients, compared to 54
percent among controls.110
Diabetes
In this study, 320 diabetics received impulsed magnetic field treatment
while 100 diabetics (controls) received conservative therapy alone. Results
showed beneficial effects with respect to vascular complications in 74 percent
of the patients receiving magnetotherapy combined with conservative methods,
compared to a 28-percent effectiveness rate among controls.111
This study involving 72 diabetics with purulent
wounds found that magneticfields aided healing significantly.113
Diseases of the Larynx
Results of this study found that alternative magnetic field of sound
frequency proved to be an effective treatment in patients suffering from acute
inflammatory diseases of the larynx.117
Duchenne-Erb Disease
This study examined the effects of electromagnetic fields in the
treatment of 5-year-old children suffering from Duchenne-Erb disease. Children
were exposed to either UHF or DMW therapy for 8-12 minutes per day on
alternating days over a period of approximately 10 days. Following the
electromagnetic fields course, children received mud applications on the collar
area and injured extremity. Results showed that treatment decreased
contractures in shoulder and elbow joints, increased mobility and muscle
strength, and improved general function of the arm.118
Endometriosis
This study found that a combined treatment consisting of
magnetic-infrared-laser therapy (10-15 min/day ever other day over a period of
10-14 exposures, then repeated in 2-3 months) and conventional drug therapy
proved highly effective in women suffering from endometriosis.119
Endometritis
Results of this study found that the administration of constant magnetic field
in combination with other treatment modalities led to significant beneficial
effects in patients suffering from acute endometritis following abortion.120
Epilepsy
This article reports on the cases of three patients with partial
seizures who received treatment with external artificial magnetic fields of low
intensity. Such treatment led to a significant attenuation of seizure frequency
over a 10-14-month period.121
Experimental results indicated that the
administration of modulated electromagnetic fields of 2-30 Hz suppressed
epilepsy in rats.122
This review article cites one study in
particular in which results showed that pretreatment with 30 minutes of
exposure to a 75-mT pole strength, DC-powered magnetic field significantly
prevented experimentally induced seizures in mice.123
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of 2-hour exposure to weak magnetic fields (0.2-0.7 G,
irregularly oscillating 0.026-0.067 Hz) produced 3 pairs of orthogonal
Helmholtz coils on pain perception in healthy subjects. Results showed that
magnetic treatment significantly reduced the perception of pain.124
This article reports on the case of a severe
epileptic who experienced a significant lessening of behavior disturbances and
seizure frequency following treatment with low-frequency, external artificial
magnetic fields.125
Low-frequency, external artificial magnetic
field treatment was shown to significantly reduce seizures in four adult
epileptic cases.126
Gastroduodenitis
Results of this study indicated that treatment with decimeter-band
electromagnetic fields improved motor function of the stomach and reduced
dyspepsia and pain in children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis.
Treatment made use of the "Romashka" apparatus (a cylinder
applicator, 100 mm in diameter, power of 6-8 W) applied to the gastroduodenal
region, and consisted of 6-12 minute exposures every other day for a total of
8-12 exposures.129
This controlled study examined the effects of
sinusoidally modulated currents (100 Hz) coupled with conventional therapy in
children suffering from chronic gastroduodenitis. Children received 8-10
exposures lasting between 6 and 10 minutes. Results showed that the treatment
reduced inflammation in 72 percent of patients relative to just a 45-percent
rate among controls. About 77 percent of treatment patients experienced
elimination of gastro-esophageal and duodeno-gastral refluxes, compared to 29
percent of controls.130
General
Results of this study indicated that the optimal frequency of pulsed
magnetic fields ranges between 10.0 and 25.0 Hz in the treatment of chronic
inflammatory conditions of the locomotor apparatus, ischemia of the blood
vessels of the lower extremities, dyspeptic syndrome, lactation mastitis, and
other diseases. Treatment proved best when the therapeutic cycle was repeated
after a 2-3 month period.131
This article reviews the use of magnetotherapy
in Czechoslovakia. Noting that this modality has been used for more than a
decade, the author states that magnetotherapy has been shown to be effective in
treating rheumatic diseases, sinusitis, enuresis, and ischemic disorders of the
lower extremities. Positive findings have also been shown with respect to
multiple sclerosis and degenerative diseases of the retina.132
This review article notes that pulse-type electromagnetic
fields (PEMF) are the most frequently used type of electromagnetic therapy.
Another form is pulsed radio frequency; PRF therapy generally includes daily
sessions of 30-minute exposure and is primarily used in cases of pain and
edema, with results being apparent quickly when the therapy is effective. PEMF
treatment is most successful when used in bone healing, with results occurring
over a longer period of time.133
This study examined the effects of
electromagnetic fields administered over a period of 10 days on 354 patients
suffering from various orthopedic conditions. Results showed the effects to be
positive, with the greatest benefit experienced among patients with acute
lesions.134
Noting that beneficial effects of low-energy,
time-varying magnetic fields have been shown since the early 1970s, this review
article cites studies pointing to its success in the treatment of a wide range
of conditions. The best results for this modality obtained in the area of bone
healing.135
This review article claims that over a quarter
of a million patients worldwide with chronically ununited fractures have
experienced beneficial results from treatment with pulsed electromagnetic
fields. In addition, the author cites studies pointing to the treatment's
efficacy with respect to other conditions such as nerve regeneration, wound
healing, graft behavior, diabetes, heart attack, and stroke.136
This review article notes that low-intensity
millimeter waves have been used for treating a wide variety of medical
conditions in the former Soviet Union since 1977, with more than a million
patients treated and more than a thousand treatment centers in existence. This
therapy has been approved for widespread use the Russian Ministry of Health, and
over 300 scientific publications have described its effects. A typical course
of treatment involves 10-15 daily exposures ranging from 15 to 60 minutes each.137
This study concluded that the use of millimeter
wave (MW) therapy was effective in the treatment of both children and adults
suffering from a variety of orthopedic diseases, including osteochondrosis,
arthrosis, infantile cerebral paralysis, Perthes' disease, and inborn femur dislocation.
MW therapy made use of the G4-142 apparatus (55-65 GHz). Exposure was for 15-30
minutes in children or 30-60 minutes in adults over a period of 10-12 total
exposures.138
This research examined the effects of
low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients suffering from a wide
range of disorders, including musculoskeletal disorders, neurological
disorders, circulatory diseases, traumatic disorders, gastroenterological problems,
and stress-related morbidity. Treatment made use of the Rhumart apparatus,
which produced waveforms with peak amplitudes up to 30 G. Results, based on the
patients' own subjective ratings, indicated the treatment to be beneficial
across most conditions, with the strongest effects seen in those suffering from
musculoskeletal and traumatic disorders.139
This review article summarizes findings
presented at the Third Workshop on the use of low-intensity millimeter waves in
medicine, held in Zvenigorod, Moscow Region, Russia. Such findings pointed to
the efficacy of MW therapy with respect to alcoholism and its associated
symptoms, gastric and duodenal ulcers, psoriasis, chronic furunculosis, and
cardiovascular diseases.140
This study examined the effects of
magnetotherapy on patients suffering from a variety of eye and brain vascular
disorders. Treatment made use of the "Polius-1" apparatus (50 Hz),
with most patients receiving a course of 15-20 daily exposures. Results showed
overall general improvements in 95 percent of patients with eye diseases.141
This review article notes that low-frequency
electromagnetic therapy has been used for a variety of purposes. Those
specifically identified the author include cell growth promotion, pain
reduction, improved blood circulation, bone repair, increased wound healing,
sedative effects, enhanced sleep, and arthritic relief.142
This review article notes that treatment with an
"Infita" apparatus, used to deliver low-frequency magnetic fields,
has been shown to improve general hemodynamics and microcirculation in addition
to exhibiting anti-inflammatory, sedative, and analgesic effects in
Olympic-level Russian athletes.143
This review article cites studies pointing to
the efficacy of low-frequency magnetic fields in the treatment of a wide
variety of conditions, including burns, arthritis, fractures, arterial
aneurysms, PMS, phantom pain, tuberculosis, ischemic heart disease,
hypertension, bronchial asthma, and ulcerated varicose veins, among others.144
This study examined the effects of
extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields (TAMMAT device) in the treatment of a
group of 650 patients suffering from a host of various diseases. Treatment
consisted 15-25 minute daily exposures 5 days per week over a total of 20-25
days. Most patients experienced improvements after 2-3 exposures. Marked
improvements were seen with respect to analgesic, anti-inflammatory,
anti-tumor, and immune-enhancing effects.145
This article reports on the efficacy of a
Russian electromagnetic stimulation apparatus termed "Cascade." The
authors state that data from 508 patients suffering from various ailments who
were treated with the device indicate it to be anywhere from 75 to 100 percent
effective. Examples of conditions in which the device was used include stubborn
fractures, post-traumatic contractures, crush syndrome, and Perthes' disease.146
This review article on the use of pulsed
magnetotherapy in Czechoslovakia points to its efficacy across a variety of
conditions, including joint problems, enuresis, multiple sclerosis, diabetes,
and carpal tunnel syndrome.147
Glaucoma
In this study, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with
compensated intraocular pressure were administered magnetotherapy using an ATOS
device with 33-mT magnetic field induction. The procedure was administered to a
patient in a sitting posture with a magnetic inductor held before the eye.
Sessions lasted 10 minutes and each course included 10 sessions. Following 4-5
months of therapy, results showed improved vision acuity 0.16 diopters, on an
average of 29 out of 30 eyes with vision acuity below 1.0.149
Hair Loss
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields on hair loss in men suffering from male pattern
baldness. PEMF exposures were administered to the head for 12 minutes and were
given weekly or twice weekly over a period of 36 weeks. Results found the PEMF
treatment both prevented hair loss and promoted regrowth without side effects.151
Headache
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study demonstrated
that the administration of a pulsed magnetic field for less than one hour to
headache patients produced significant beneficial effects, as shown subjective
patient reports, as well as EEG activity.152
This article reports on the case of an acute
migraine patient who was successfully treated with external magnetic fields.153
This article examined the effects of millimeter
wave therapy in the treatment of 107 patients suffering from headaches of
varying causes. Treatment consisted of the Nao-Hu, Bai-Huei, and Hua-Chai
acupuncture points being exposed to 5.6- and 4.9-mm wavelengths via the use of
"Yav'-1-5.6" or "Electronka-KVCh" devices, respectively.
Exposure lasted up to 60 minutes per day over a course of 10 days. All patients
experienced positive results following 3-5 exposures. After one year, 48
percent of patients remained free of headaches, with a significant decrease in
another 41 percent.154
This study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields (20 minutes per day for 15 days) in the treatment of
patients suffering from chronic headaches. Results indicated the treatment to
be most effective in patients suffering from tension headaches, with 88 percent
of such patients reporting positive results. Beneficial results were also
experienced patients suffering from migraines (60 percent), cervical migraines
(68 percent), and psychogenic headaches (60 percent).155
In this study, 90 headache patients were treated
with pulsating electromagnetic fields via large coils to the body for 20
minutes per day for a total of 15 days. Results found the treatment to be
either excellent or good for those patients suffering from migraine, tension,
and/or cervical headaches. Patients experiencing post-traumatic or cluster
headaches did not experience such benefits.156
Results of this study indicated that pulsating
electromagnetic fields (12 Hz and 5 mT) were an effective prophylactic
treatment for patients suffering from cervical and migraine headaches.157
This placebo-controlled, double-blind study
examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (2-5 Hz and flux
densities of 3-4 mT) on patients suffering from migraine headaches. PEMFs were
administered to the head for 10-15 minutes per day over a period of 30 days.
Results showed a mean improvement level of 66 percent in patients receiving the
treatment, compared to just 23 percent among controls.158
Hemophilia
In this study, hemophiliacs suffering from joint hemorrhage received
millimeter wave (MW) therapy at biologically active points beginning on the
first day of hospital release. Adults were treated with an
"Electronica-KVCh" device (61 GHz, 5 mW maximum power) and children
were treated with a "Porog" device, which generates low-intensity
wide-band MMW noise. Exposures in both groups lasted for 20-25 minutes per day
and were extended over a period of 10 days. Results indicated the treatment to
be more effective than conventional therapy with respect to alleviation of
pain, need for medication, and other parameters.159
Hepatitis
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of
millimeter wave therapy combined with conventional methods in the treatment of
viral hepatitis in children. Making use of a "Yav'-1-5,6" or
"Yav'-1-7,7" device, MW therapy involved 14-15 exposures of, on
average, 30 minutes per day at wavelengths of either 5.6 or 7.1 mm. Results
indicated the combined treatment to be more effective than conventional
treatment only, leading to a more rapid restoration of liver function.160
Results of this study showed that the use of
magnetic fields was effective in treating patients suffering from viral
hepatitis who had previously not benefited from conventional drug therapies.161
This study examined the effects of magnetotherapy
in children suffering from various forms of viral hepatitis. Magnetotherapy
consisted of alternating magnetic fields applied to the liver area daily over a
total of 10-15 days. Results indicated magnetotherapy led to more rapid and
trouble-free recovery.162
Herniated Disk
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of
magnetotherapy in patients following herniated disk surgery. Results showed
that 52 percent of patients receiving the treatment compared to 30 percent of
controls reported being free of symptoms at the time of hospital release.163
Hip Problems
This double-blind study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic
fields on loosened hip prostheses. Results showed an increase of bone density
in all patients receiving PEMF treatment compared to only 60 percent of
controls. The authors argue such findings suggest PEMF elicits early bone
reconstruction, which enhances early weight bearing.164
This study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields (50 Hz, 50 G) in treating aseptic loosening of total hip
prostheses. PEMF therapy consisted of 20 minutes per day for 6 days per week
over a total of 20 such sessions and was begun, on average, a year and a half
following the start of loosening. Results showed PEMF to have some beneficial
effects with respect to loosened hip arthroplasties, although it was not
effective in patients suffering severe pain due to extreme loosening.165
Joint Disease
Results of this 11-year study involving 3014 patients found pulsed
magnetic field treatment at low frequencies and intensities to be a highly
effective, side-effect-free therapy for joint disease.168
Kidney Problems
This review article notes that placebo-controlled studies have shown
positive results concerning the use of pulsed magnetic field therapy in the
treatment of secondary chronic pyelonephritis.171
Lung Disease
This study examined the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields
coupled with conventional therapies in rats suffering from inflammatory lung
disease. Results showed that rats receiving the magnetic fields experienced
significant reductions in lung abscesses and associated symptoms, and similar
beneficial effects were seen among a group of 165 human patients receiving
comparable treatment.177
Lupus Erythematosus
This review article examined the data concerning impulsed magnetic fields in
the treatment of lupus erythematosus. Studies indicate that the treatment can
be beneficial due to its anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, its positive
action on microcirculation, and immunological reactivity.178
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of UHF and microwave therapy in treating patients
suffering from systemic lupus. Twenty-six patients were given 30-35 W of
microwave irradiation administered to the adrenal region. Twenty-five patients
were given 30-35 W UHF administered bilaterally to the temporal region. The
treatment regimen for both groups included 18-20 daily sessions. A group of 11
patients were used as controls. Results showed both treatments to be effective,
with 27 percent of microwave patients and 66 percent of UHF patients reporting
total elimination of polyarthralgia, myalgia, and painful contractures.179
Results of this study indicated that the
bitemporal application of ultrahigh-frequency electromagnetic fields to the
hypothalamo-hypophyseal area daily over a period of 18-20 days had beneficial
effects in patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus.180
Multiple Sclerosis
This article reports on the case of a 55-year-old female chronic
progressive multiple sclerosis patient who received a single external
application of low magnetic fields (7.5-picotesla; 5-Hz frequency) which lasted
20 minutes. The treatment quickly led to improvements in a variety of areas,
including fatigue, sleep, vision, bladder function, movement and speech
problems, and mood.182
This study reports on four cases of multiple
sclerosis who experienced improvements in visuospatial and visuomotor functions
following treatment with external application of low magnetic fields.183
This article reports on the case of a
50-year-old female chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patient who received
a single external application of low magnetic fields who experienced
significant improvements following the treatment.184
This article reports on the cases of three
patients suffering from long-time symptoms of multiple sclerosis who received
treatment with extracerebral pulsed electromagnetic fields over a period of
between 6 and 18 months. Results showed all three patients experienced
significant improvements in cognitive functions.185
This is a report on the cases of two chronic
multiple sclerosis patients exhibiting severe speech problems. Symptoms were
completely resolved following 3-4 weeks of treatment with pulsed ele ctromagnetic
fields.186
This article reports on the cases of three
multiple sclerosis patients suffering from alexia (lack of understanding of
written words) who experienced a reversal of the alexia following the start of
picotesla-range electromagnetic field treatment.187
This article reports on the case of a
middle-aged disabled female patient with a 19-year history of chronic relapsing-remitting
multiple sclerosis. Within one day of receiving experimental treatment with
picotesla electromagnetic fields, the patient exhibited improvements in her
condition. The patient continued with 1-2 treatments per week over a period of
32 months. During this time, significant improvements were seen with respect to
a range of physical symptoms, as well as cognitive functions.188
The cases of three female multiple sclerosis patients
exhibiting suicidal behavior are discussed in this article. Treatment with
pulsed picotesla-level electromagnetic fields resolved the suicidal behavior in
all three patients, an improvement that was maintained over a follow-up period
of 3.5 years.189
This article reports on the case of a
36-year-old man severely disabled with partial paralysis and lack of
coordination. Three treatment sessions per week with pulsed electromagnetic fields
over a period of one year led to a range of improvements, including
improvements in gait, balance, bowel and bladder functions, vision, mood, and
sleep. No progression of symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis was seen
throughout the course of EMF treatment.190
This article reports on the cases of two
multiple sclerosis patients suffering from chronic ataxia who performed poorly
on human figure drawing tests administered to measure body image perception.
Treatment with extracerebral applications of picotesla flux electromagnetic
fields led to improvements in gait and balance as well as a normalization in
body image perception as seen on a repeat of the same test each patient.191
This article reports on the case of a
51-year-old female patient with remitting-progressive multiple sclerosis who
experienced a successful reduction in carbohydrate craving believed to be
associated with the exacerbation of her condition following treatment with a
series of extracranial AC pulsed applications of picotesla flux intensity
electromagnetic fields.192
This article reports on the cases of three
multiple sclerosis patients suffering from a chronic progressive course of the
disease who experienced a reduction in tremors following treatment with brief
external applications of pulsed EMFs of 7.5-pT intensity.195
This article reports on the cases of three
female chronic multiple sclerosis patients who experienced a reversal of
cognitive deficits following treatment with brief external applications of
alternating pulsed electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range of intensity.196
This article reports on the cases of three
female multiple sclerosis patients with poor word fluency who experienced a
100-percent increase in word output following 4-5 sessions of treatment with
external applications of extremely weak electromagnetic fields in the picotesla
range of intensity.197
This article reports on the case of a
58-year-old male multiple sclerosis patient with a 37-year history of the
disease. Treatment with external application of magnetic fields in the
picotesla range led to a speedy improvement of neurological symptoms in the
areas of walking, balance, sensory symptoms, and bladder function. Improvements
in numerous cognitive functions were seen within 24 hours of treatment as well.198
This article reports on the case of a
36-year-old multiple sclerosis patient who experienced immediate improvements
in visuoperceptive functions following treatment with external application of
picotesla-range magnetic fields.199
This article reports on the cases of three
multiple sclerosis patients suffering from falls due to rapid deterioration in
balance and triggered distracting external auditory stimuli. Treatment with a series
of extracranially applied, low-frequency picotesla-range intensity
electromagnetic fields quickly resolved such symptoms associated with a loss of
balance.200
This article reports on the cases of three
multiple sclerosis patients experiencing continuous and debilitating daily
fatigue over the course of several years. Treatment with extracranially applied
picotesla flux electromagnetic fields dramatically improved symptoms of fatigue
in all three patients.201
This article reports on the cases of two female
patients with chronic progressive-stage multiple sclerosis who suffered from
regular worsening of their symptoms starting approximately a week prior to
menstruation and abating at menstruation onset. Such symptoms were resolved in
both patients two months following the start of treatment with the extracranial
application of weak electromagnetic fields.205
This article reports on the case of a
64-year-old female patient with a 22-year history of chronic progressive
multiple sclerosis. Two 30-minute treatments with low-level electromagnetic
fields produced a marked improvement in a variety of symptoms.207
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled
study found that pulsed electromagnetic fields administered daily over a period
of 15 days proved to be an effective treatment in reducing spasticity and
incontinence associated with multiple sclerosis.209
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled
study indicated that pulsed electromagnetic fields administered daily over a
period of 15 days is a generally effective treatment in reducing symptoms
associated with multiple sclerosis, with the most positive improvements
involving the alleviation of spasticity and pain.210
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled
study indicated that exposure to magnetic fields produced beneficial clinical
effects in patients suffering from cerebral paralysis and in patients with
multiple sclerosis.211
Muscle Injury
This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on recovery
following muscle injury in rats. Results showed that both pulsed and constant
magnetic fields were equally effective, with the constant field being more
intense.212
This study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields (Gyuling-Bordacs device) in patients suffering from
peripheral muscle paralysis. Treatment consisted of 20-minute exposures (2-50
Hz, 70 G). Results showed 50-Hz pulsed electromagnetic fields to be the most
effective level of treatment and that such therapy enhanced muscle irritability
in peripheral paralysis patients as well as in healthy controls.213
Neck Pain
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study examined the effects of low-energy
pulsed electromagnetic fields administered via soft collars on patients
suffering from persistent neck pain. Results indicated significantly beneficial
effects following three weeks of treatment.214
Nerve Damage
This controlled study found that exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields
enhanced the speed and degree of peripheral nerve regeneration twofold in rats
with experimentally severed sciatic nerves.215
Results of this controlled study demonstrated
that treatment with 15 minutes per day of pulsed electromagnetic fields
enhanced recovery time of experimentally-injured nerves in rats.216
Results of this study indicated that the use of
pulsed electromagnetic fields on experimentally divided and sutured nerves in
rats sped up regeneration of damaged nerves and the time it took for limb use
to be recovered.219
This study examined the effects of a Soviet
Polyus-1 low-frequency magnetotherapy device used to administer approximately
10 mT for approximately 10 minutes in patients with optic nerve atrophy.
Patients underwent 10-15 sessions per course. Results showed that vision acuity
in patients with low acuity values (below 0.04 diopters) improved in 50 percent
of cases. It was also found that the treatment improved ocular blood flow in
cases of optic nerve atrophy. Optimal benefits were experienced after 10
therapy sessions.220
Neurological Disorders
This article summarizes clinical results obtained the authors in using
pulsed electromagnetic fields (Gyuling-Bordacs device) in the treatment of
neurological and locomotor disorders among a group of 148 patients in a
hospital setting over a period of 3 years. The authors claim that 58-80 percent
of such patients experienced benefits of some kind over the course of
magnetotherapy.221
This study examined the effects of
magnetotherapy on patients suffering from nervous system diseases. Treatment
consisted of 10-12 6-minute exposures (10-20 kG, 0.1-0.6 Hz). Results indicated
beneficial effects in 25 of the 27 patients receiving the treatment.222
Results of this study found that the use of
magnetic fields (30-35 mT, 10 and 100 Hz) produced beneficial effects in 93
percent of patients suffering from nerve problems.223
Osteoarthritis
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that
exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields had beneficial effects in the
treatment of patients suffering from painful osteoarthritis of the knee or
cervical spine. PEMF therapy consisted of 18 exposures lasting 30 minutes and
administered 3-5 times per week.224
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
indicated that treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields produced
significant favorable effects in patients suffering from osteoarthritis.226
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
showed that treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields yielded significant
benefits in patients suffering from osteoarthritis of the knee or cervical
spine. PEMF therapy (25 G, 5-24 Hz) consisted of 18 30-minute exposures over a
period of 3-4 weeks.227
This controlled study examined the effects of
changeable magnetic fields (Polus-101 device) coupled with more conventional
therapies in the treatment of patients suffering from osteoarthrosis. Magnetic
therapy consisted of daily 20 minute exposures for a total of 12 sessions.
Results showed more rapid improvements of immunological indices and alleviation
of symptoms associated with the disease among patients receiving the
combination therapy compared to those treated only conventionally.228
Osteochondrosis
This study examined the effects of alternating magnetic fields (50 Hz,
10-50 mT) combined with conservative therapy in patients suffering from spinal
osteochondrosis. Treatment consisted of 20-minute exposures over a total of
20-25 such exposures per course. Results showed clinical benefits in 95 percent
of patients receiving the combination treatment compared to just 30 percent
among controls.229
Osteonecrosis
This pilot study found that the use of pulsed electromagnetic fields
produced beneficial effects in patients suffering from osteonecrosis of the
femoral head.230
This study examined the use of pulsed
electromagnetic fields in the treatment of osteonecrosis. Compared to published
findings concerning surgical treatment, results showed PEMF therapy to be
superior in producing improvement.231
Osteoporosis
This study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on
postmenopausal osteoporosis in 10-month-old female rats. Results showed that
EMF treatment for one hour per day for 4 months with a 30-gauss maximum pulse
reduced bone mass loss to within 10 percent, while a 70-gauss maximum pulse
reduced bone mass loss entirely.232
This study examined the effects of long-term
pulsing electromagnetic fields in the form of repetitive pulse burst waves over
a period of 6 months in osteoporotic rats. Results showed increased bone volume
and formation activity.234
This study examined the effects of a 72-Hz
pulsating electromagnetic field administered for 10 hours per day over a period
of 12 weeks on bone density in women prone to osteoporosis. Results found
significant increases in bone mineral density in the area of EMF exposure.235
In this study, osteoporosis patients received treatment
with pulsed electromagnetic fields (50 G, 50-100 Hz) for 30 minutes per session
over a period of two years involving 20 sessions. These subjects were compared
to similar patients treated with calcitonin. Results indicated PEMF to be
effective in reducing pain, and to be even more so when combined with the
conventional drug treatment.236
This controlled study examined the effects of
pulsed electromagnetic fields in women suffering from postmenopausal
osteoporosis. Treatment consisted of daily 30-minute exposures for 20 days
every six months. Results showed that PEMF treatment combined with 100 IU per
day of nasal spray synthetic salmon calcitonin arrested bone decrease and significantly
increased bone mass relative to patients receiving drug therapy alone.237
Results of this study found the use of
total-body low-frequency magnetic fields (60 G, 50-100 Hz) to be effective in
the treatment of patients suffering from osteoporosis-related symptoms.
Treatment consisted of a total of 15 exposures of 30 minutes each.238
Otitis Externa
This study examined the effects synchronizing pulse waves in the impaired area
when treating patients suffering from acute diffuse otitis externa with
low-level magnetic fields in combination with conventional therapies. Patients
were divided into three groups. The first received ultrahigh-frequency or
very-high-frequency electromagnetic waves. The second received 15-minute daily
exposures to 50-Hz alternating or pulsating 20-mT magnetic fields. The third
group of patients were treated switching on the same magnetic fields only
during propagation of the pulse wave through the ear vessels. Results showed a
100 percent recovery rate in patients across all three groups, with recovery
taking the least amount of time among those in group 3.239
Pancreatitis
This study found that sinusoidal and continuous low-frequency alternating
magnetic field generated a Polius-1 apparatus exhibited beneficial effects in
patients suffering from chronic pancreatitis.241
This controlled study examined the effects of
combining pulsed electric stimulation and laser light with conventional
treatment in patients suffering from acute pancreatitis. Results showed the
combined therapy to have the most significant effects in patients with severe
forms of the disease.242
Parkinson's Disease
This article reports on the case of a 73-year-old male Parkinson's patients
suffering from disabling resting and postural tremors in the right hand, as
well as other symptoms. Two successive 20-minute treatments with AC pulsed
electromagnetic fields of 7.5-picotesla intensity and 5-Hz frequency sinusoidal
wave led to improvements in visuospatial performance and a legible signature.
Significant improvements in Parkinsonian motor symptoms were also seen
following additional treatments.243
This article reports on the case of a medicated
61-year-old Parkinson's patient who experienced rapid reversal of symptoms
following a single external application of picotesla-range magnetic fields.244
This article reports on four Parkinson's
patients who experienced significant improvement in symptoms following
treatment with picotesla-range magnetic fields. Two additional patients
suffering from Parkinson's-related dementia experienced significant
improvements in visuospatial impairment.245
Noting that transcranial magnetic stimulation
(TMS) is a new and noninvasive method of direct cortical neuron stimulation,
this review article discusses recent studies showing that TMS has led to
improvements in symptoms associated with Parkinson's disease and depression.246
Results of this study showed that the
application of ELF magnetic fields via a plastic helmet device housing a set of
coils (generating fields of 8 Hz and 7.5 pT) produced beneficial clinical
effects after 30 minutes in patients suffering Parkinson's disease and multiple
sclerosis.247
This article reports on the cases of two
Parkinson's patients who experienced improvements in motor symptoms following
treatment with external application of weak electromagnetic fields in the
picotesla range.248
This article reports on the cases of three
Parkinson's patients on full medication who exhibited an improvement in right
hemispheric functions following a series of treatments with external
application of electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range.249
This article reports on the case of a
nonmedicated 49-year-old male Parkinson's patient who experienced a dramatic
improvement in motor, depressive, and cognitive symptoms following treatment
with brief extracranial applications of picotesla-range electromagnetic fields.251
This article reports on the case of a
61-year-old Parkinson's patient who experienced improvements in the severity of
motor problems 30 minutes after treatment with external application of weak
electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range. Sham treatment had no such
effects in the same patient.252
This article reports on the cases of five
Parkinsonian patients on full medication who experienced a marked improvement
in performance on Thurstone's Word-Fluency Test following treatment with a
series of extremely-low-intensity electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range
and of 5-8 Hz frequency.253
This article reports on the case of a
69-year-old Parkinsonian patient who was able to discontinue most medication
for two weeks following two treatment sessions with extracranial
picotesla-range magnetic fields. Symptoms recurred after three weeks and the
patient received four more magnetic field sessions on consecutive days after
four weeks. The patient was then able to discontinue medications completely.254
This article reports on the cases of five
medicated Parkinsonian patients who experienced improvements in motor,
behavioral, and autonomic functions, and in visuoconstructional tasks following
treatment with extracranial application of magnetic fields in the picotesla
range.255
This article reports on the cases of three
medicated Parkinsonian patients who experienced relief from disabling periods
of freezing gait following treatment with extracerebral applications of pulsed
electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range.256
The cases of four nondemented Parkinsonian
patients under full medication are discussed in this article. These patients
performed poorly on human figure drawing tests administered to measure body
image perception. Treatment with extracerebral applications of picotesla-range
intensity electromagnetic fields led to marked improvements in body image
perception as seen on a repeat of the same test each patient.257
This article reports on the cases of four
medicated Parkinsonian patients who experienced reversal of visuospatial
impairments as measured the Clock Drawing Test following treatment with
externally applied weak electromagnetic fields of picotesla-range intensity.258
This article reports on the case of a
68-year-old male patient suffering from Parkinson's disease over a period of 7
years. The patient had experienced little relief from traditional medical
therapy. Treatment with external application of picotesla-range magnetic fields
led to quick improvements with respect to tremor and foot dystonia, gait, postural
reflexes, mood, anxiety, and cognitive and autonomic functions.259
This article reports on the cases of four
Parkinsonian patients who exhibited significant improvements in motor symptoms
following treatment with externally applied magnetic fields of picotesla-range
intensity.260
This article reports on two cases of fully
medicated Parkinson's patients who experienced enhanced visuoperceptive
functions as measured numerous drawing tests following extracranial treatment
with picotesla-range magnetic fields.261
This article reports on the case of a
69-year-old Parkinsonian patient on full medication who experienced a marked
improvement on several different drawing tests following 30 minutes of
treatment with picotesla-range magnetic fields.262
This article reports on the case of a
Parkinson's patient suffering from severe movement problems who received
treatment with external artificial weak magnetic fields with a frequency of 2 Hz
and intensity of 7.5 picotesla over a period of 6 minutes. Results showed a
significant attenuation in disability and near total reversal of the symptoms
lasting approximately 72 hours. The patient then applied equivalent magnetic
fields on a daily basis at home. Sustained improvement was seen throughout an
observation of one month.263
This article reports on the case of a
67-year-old male patient suffering from Parkinson's disease and
levodopa-related motor fluctuations. Treatment with the application of external
weak magnetic fields led to improvements in general Parkinsonian symptoms along
with the amelioration of "on-off" symptoms.264
Peripheral Neuritis
In this study, patients suffering from peripheral neuritis were exposed
to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation on acupuncture points. EMR was
generated Electronica-EnF, Aria, and Porog devices with tunable frequencies
ranging between 53 and 78 GHz. Treatments were daily and lasted 25 minutes.
Results showed full restoration of nerve function in 87 percent of patients.265
Pneumonia
Results of this study showed that magnetic laser therapy decreased the severity
of acute respiratory insufficiency and treatment course, and prevented
destructive complications in children with infiltrative acute destructive
pneumonia between the ages of 1 and 12 years.266
Post-Herpetic Neuralgia
This study found both pulsed magnetic field treatment (20-30 minutes per day)
and whole body alternating current magnetic field treatment (30 minutes per
day) to be effective therapies for post-herpetic neuralgia in older patients.
Pulsed magnetic field treatment consisted of 0.6-T (6-kG) samarium/cobalt
magnets surrounded spiral coils generating a maximum 0.1-T pulse. Pads were
pasted on the sensory areas innervated the dorsal root of the spinal cord where
there was scar-association pain or paresthesia. Stimuli were delivered at 280 V
and 8 Hz. Alternating current magnetic field treatment involved a treatment bed
consisting of 19 electrodes containing paired coils and with a maximum magnetic
flux density around the electrodes of 0.08 T.267
Pseudoarthrosis
In this study, 92 congenital pseudoarthrosis patients received
treatment with pulsing electromagnetic fields. Results indicated a 76-percent
rate of lesion recovery.270
In this study, 34 patients with congenital
pseudoarthrosis-associated infantile nonunions received treatment with pulsing
electromagnetic fields. Results indicated that 50 percent experienced full
healing, 21 percent experienced healing with need for protections, and 29
percent experienced failure. The majority of failures were among men with a
history of early fracture. Following the demonstration of coil effects, the
PEMF treatment was combined with surgical realignment, immobilization, and
grafting.271
In this study, 29 congenital pseudoarthrosis
patients received extremely-low-frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields.
Results: Over 70 percent experienced full healing, 21 percent experienced
healing with need for protections, and 29 percent experienced failure. The
majority of failures were among men with a history of early fracture.272
In this article, the authors report on their own
clinical use of electrodynamic field therapy in the treatment of 271 pseudoarthrosis
patients over a period of 8 years. They report bony healing in 92 percent of
such cases.273
This study examined the effects of pulsed
electromagnetic fields on 91 patients with congenital pseudoarthrosis of the
tibia. Results showed an overall success rate of 72 percent.274
Results of this study indicated that treatment
with pulsed electromagnetic fields had beneficial effects in children suffering
from congenital pseudoarthrosis.275
Results of this study indicated that pulsed
electromagnetic fields (72 Hz) can be an effective therapy for patients
suffering from lesions associated with congenital pseudoarthroses when
treatment is combined with appropriate orthopedic management.276
Psychiatric Disorders
Noting the well-established dangers associated with electroconvulsive therapy,
the author, in this theoretical article, argues that transcranial magnetic
stimulation should be looked at as an alternative psychiatric treatment. The
author asserts that TMS has several advantages over ECT in that it is painless,
noninvasive, and more effective on deep structures of the brain.277
Respiratory Problems
Results of this study showed that the use of low-frequency magnetic
fields helped to prevent and treat critically ill patients suffering from
pyoinflammatory bronchopulmonary complications, and to prevent such
complications as well.278
This article reports on the case of a
schizophrenic patient suffering from respiratory difficulties associated with
neuroleptic withdrawal. Treatment using external application of picotesla-range
magnetic fields quickly attenuated the severity of such problems.279
Sexual Disorders
Results of this placebo-controlled study showed that magnetotherapy exhibited
beneficial effects with respect to cavernous blood flow in male patients
suffering from sexual problems.280
This study examined the effects of a combination
pulsing magnetic field (PMF)/vacuum therapy in the treatment of impotence.
Vacuum therapy consisted of the penis being placed into a hermetic cylinder
with a negative pressure of 180-260 mmHg for 10-12 minutes per exposure for a
total of 12-15 exposures. PMF therapy consisted of the same length and number
of exposures, with 6 Hz, 30 mT being applied to the penile area at the same
time as vacuum therapy. Results showed that, following the combination therapy,
sexual function was restored in about 71 percent of patients, was improved in
17 percent, and did not change in 17 percent. For those patients receiving
vacuum therapy only, the numbers were 51, 24, and 24 percent, respectively.281
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of weak magnetic fields in men suffering from various
sexual disorders, including decreased erection and premature ejaculation. The
three different magnetic stimulators used included the "Biopotenzor,"
"Eros," and "Bioskan-1" devices. All patients wore one of
the three devices for a 3-week period. Results showed full restoration of
sexual function in 38 percent of patients in the Biopotenzor group, 31 percent
in the Eros group, 36 percent in the Bioskan-1 group, and in just 15 percent of
the controls. Improvements in sexual function were seen among 42 percent, 39
percent, 47 percent, and 18 percent, respectively.282
Sleep Disorders
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that
low-energy-emission therapy significantly improved sleeping patterns among
patients suffering from chronic psychophysiological insomnia. Therapy was
administered 3 times per week, always in late afternoon and for 20 minutes,
over a period of 4 weeks.284
This double-blind, placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of low-energy emission therapy (27 MHz amplitude-modulated
electromagnetic fields) in patients suffering from insomnia. Treatment
consisted of 3 exposures per week over a 4-week period. Results showed
significant increases in total sleep time among patients in the treatment group
relative to controls.285
This review article notes that studies have
found low-energy emission therapy to be effective in the treatment of chronic
insomnia, and suggests that it may also be of value for patients suffering from
generalized anxiety disorders.286
Spinal Cord Injury
Results of this study found that exposure to constant magnetic fields improved
healing in rats with experimentally induced spinal cord injury, and in human
patients suffering from spinal cord trauma as well.287
This study examined the effects of functional
magnetic stimulation used to treat spinal cord injury in seven male patients.
Results showed the treatment to be an effective noninvasive approach.288
Stroke
Results of this study demonstrated that treatment with sinusoidal modulated
currents coupled with transcerebral magnetic fields proved more effective than
either therapy on its own in the treatment of stroke patients during the period
of early rehabilitation.290
This study found that
exposure to pulsed electromagnetic fields following focal cerebral ischemia
provided significant protection against neuronal damage, in rabbits.291
Results of this study pointed
to the efficacy of magnetic field therapy in the treatment of patients
suffering from a variety of conditions associated with different brain vascular
diseases.292
Synovitis
This study examined the effects of magnetic fields on synovitis in rats.
Results showed that the placement of a 3800-gauss magnet on the bottom of the
cage significantly suppressed inflammation associated with the condition, relative
to controls.293
Tendonitis
Results of this double-blind, placebo-controlled study indicated that pulsed
electromagnetic field therapy exhibited significant beneficial effects in the
treatment of patients suffering from persistent rotator cuff tendonitis.294
Tourette's
Syndrome
This article reports on the case of a 6-year-old boy suffering from Tourette's
syndrome who experienced improvements in visuoconstructional and visuomotor
skills, along with more general symptomatic improvements, following the
extracranial application of electromagnetic fields in the picotesla range of
intensity.295
Tuberculosis
This study examined the efficacy of millimeter waves combined with conventional
drug treatment in patients suffering from tuberculosis. MW therapy consisted of
10 exposures of the thymus area for 60 minutes per day using a
"Yavor" apparatus (6.4 or 7.1 mm wavelength). Controls received drug
treatment only. Results indicated that while MW/drug therapy had no effect on
the clearance of the tuberculosis bacteria, it did facilitate clinical recovery
faster than drug therapy alone.296
This study examined the
effects of extremely-high-frequency therapy as administered via a
"Yav'-1-7,1" apparatus (7.1 mm wavelength) on tuberculosis patients.
Results showed a 25-percent improvement in patients receiving the therapy as a
pathogenic treatment. A 72-percent improvement rate was seen among patients who
received the therapy as treatment for concurrent diseases.297
This controlled study
examined the effects of constant elastic electromagnetic fields (40 mT) in
patients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis. Therapy consisted of 30-45
minute daily application of either a single magnet or a pair of magnets placed
on the chest at an area high in skin temperature over a 1-3 month period. When
coupled with conventional treatments, one third of patients receiving the
constant electromagnetic fields experienced healing of tubercular cavities.
contrast, only one fifth of patients receiving conventional treatment alone
experienced such effects. One month into combination treatment, there was no
evidence of mycobacterium tuberculosis in the sputum in half the patients
relative to only one third of controls.298
Ulcers (Gastric
and Duodenal)
Results of this study showed that the administration of millimetric
electromagnetic waves helped to normalize blood properties, subsequently
improving the effectiveness of more conventional gastric and duodenal ulcer
treatment.303
This study examined the
effects of millimeter wave (MW) therapy in 317 patients suffering from duodenal
and gastric ulcers. MW therapy consisted of 30 minutes per day exposure of the
epigastric area ("Yav'-1" apparatus, 10 mW/cm2, 5.6-mm wavelength)
until complete ulcer cicatrization was achieved. Results showed a 95-percent
rate of ulcer cicatrization in patients receiving the treatment compared to a
78-percent rate in controls. One year follow up showed a 54-percent ulcer
recurrence rate in MW-treated patients, which was markedly less than the rate
for controls.306
This controlled study found
extremely-high-frequency therapy to be an effective treatment in patients
suffering from duodenal ulcers. Treatment consisted of 5-10 exposures, lasting
20-30 minutes, and making use of the G4-142 apparatus (53.5-70.0 GHz frequency
range).308
This study compared the
effects of traditional drug treatment (TDT) to those of microwave resonance therapy
(MRT) in patients suffering from duodenal ulcers. Results indicated the mean
hospital stay for patients in the TDT group was approximately 22 days.
Throughout this period, ulcers healed in 38 percent of patients, were reduced
in 17 percent, showed no change in 43 percent, and increased in 2 percent. No
pain relief was seen in 32 percent. contrast, mean discharge time for patients
in the MRT group was approximately 12 days. Pain was generally stopped in 3-6
days. Complete healing occurred in 81 percent, a decrease was seen in 16
percent, and ulcer size did not change in just 3 percent. Remission occurred in
98 percent of such patients.310
In this study, microwave
resonance therapy (MRT) was administered to 2642 patients suffering from
duodenal ulcers and to 78 with gastric ulcers. Treatment involved the use of a
G4-142 device (53.6-78.3 GHz, less than 2 mW/cm2 incident power) as well as
"Electronika-KVCh" and "Porog-1" devices. Patients received
6-12 daily exposures of between 20 and 25 minutes. Results showed a total ulcer
cicatrization in 80 percent of patients, and arrested pain syndrome in almost
100 percent.311
Ulcers (Trophic)
This study examined the use of magnetotherapy coupled with
galvanization and intratissue electrophoresis in 86 patients suffering from
trophic ulcers. A "Potok-1" apparatus with a density of current equal
to 0.05-0.1 mA/cm2 was used to create an electrical field. The
"MAG-30" apparatus for low-frequency magnetotherapy with induction of
30 mT and area of exposure of 20 cm2 was applied to a trophic ulcer site at the
same time. Results led the authors to conclude that magnetogalvanotherapy is
the recommended treatment for trophic ulcers of the lower extremities.299
This review article discusses
the theoretical and clinical applications of magnetic field therapy in the treatment
of trophic ulcers of the lower limbs.300
This study looked at the
effects of conventional trophic ulcer treatment alone and in combination with
alternating magnetic field (AMF) or constant magnetic field (CMF) exposures in
a group of patients suffering from various types of trophic ulcers of the lower
limbs. Results showed an average hospital stay of 31 days in the CMF group and
27 days in the AMF group, compared to 40 days among controls. Based on these
and related findings, the authors suggest combination AMF therapy to be most
effective.304
This placebo-controlled study
examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in the treatment of
decubitus ulcers in hospitalized elderly patients with stage II and III
pressure ulcers. Patients received daily PEMF stimulation in conjunction with
conventional treatment for a period of up to 5 weeks. The findings were that
combined PEMF/conventional treatment was superior to conventional treatment and
to the placebo received controls.305
Results of this study found
that the daily use of electromagnetolaser therapy decreased mean healing time
in patients suffering from lower extremity trophic ulcers to approximately 18
days, compared with approximately 26 days in patients receiving laser therapy
alone.307
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study found that treatment with nonthermal pulsed
electromagnetic energy (PEMET) accelerated would healing in spinal cord injury
patients suffering from stage II and III pressure ulcers. PEMET treatment
consisted of pulsed 27.12-MHz energy produced via a Diapulse device. Energy was
delivered the use of a treatment head placed in wound dressings, in 30-minute
periods twice a day for 12 weeks or until sores healed.312
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields
(75 Hz, 2.7 mT) applied 4 hours per day for a maximum of 3 months coupled with
conventional therapies in patients suffering from trophic lesions. Results
showed the treatment to have positive effects, but only on small lesions.314
Urinary Problems
In this article, the authors report on their successful use of
magnetic-laser therapy in inflammations of the urinary system in a urological
clinic setting.316
Results of this study showed
magnetolaser therapy to be effective in the treatment of patients suffering
from urolithiasis (stone formation). Magnetolaser therapy involved the use of a
Milita device with a 35-mT magnetic field.317
Wound Healing
This study examined the effects of static magnetic fields on
postoperative wounds in 21 patients undergoing plastic surgery. Magnetic
patches ranging in thickness from 1 to 6 mm, and 2450 to 3950 G field strength
were administered over the area of operation for a total of 48 hours. Thirteen
patients received the magnets after pain or edema had appeared and 8 received
them prophylactically. Results showed a decrease in pain, edema, and coloration
in approximately 60 percent of patients. Such symptoms disappeared entirely in
75 percent.321
Results of this study
indicated that treatment with pulsating electromagnetic field either alone or
in combination with laser therapy exhibited healing effects with respect to
peripheral nerve lesions and general wound healing relative to controls.322
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study examined the effects of a magnetic treatment device taped
over the carpal tunnel against wrist pain sustained at work among a group of
turkey plant employees. Results showed that the device was effective in
alleviating such pain and that it was free of side effects.323
Results of this controlled
study showed that low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields produced
significant beneficial cutaneous wound healing effects in rats.324
This double-blind,
placebo-controlled study found that treatment with nonthermal pulsed
radiofrequency energy accelerated would healing in spinal cord injury patients
suffering from stage II and III pressure ulcers. RF treatment consisted of pulsed
27.12-MHz energy produced via a Diapulse device, with energy delivered via a
treatment head placed in wound dressings, in 30-minute periods twice a day for
12 weeks or until sores healed.325
After a discussion of the
mechanics involved in the use of pulsed electromagnetic energy in the treatment
of disease, the author discusses findings from recent studies pointing to the
therapy's effectiveness with respect to the treatment of acute soft-tissue
lesions.326
Results of this
placebo-controlled study indicated that low-intensity continuous microwave
radiation administered over a period of 7 days was effective in treating
post-operative purulent wounds associated with abdominal surgery.327
Results of this study showed
that combined magneto/laser therapy reduced inflammation and wound suppuration,
and enhanced tissue healing significantly in patients suffering from gunshot
wounds relative to conventional treatment only.328
Noting that pulsed electromagnetic
fields have been used in bone healing for more than 20 years, this review
article cites recent results from both animal and human studies pointing to the
efficacy of PEMF in the treatment of soft-tissue injuries as well.329
This double-blind study
examined the effects of postoperative nonthermal pulsed high-frequency
electromagnetic fields on edema formation and bruise healing in boys undergoing
orchidopexy. Treatment involved exposure 3 times daily for the first 4 days
following surgery. Significant effects with respect to rate of bruise
resolution were reported in patients receiving the treatment relative to
controls.330
This controlled study
examined the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields in patients suffering
from chronic productive inflammation or orbital tissue. PEMF treatment
consisted of 7-10 minute daily exposures over a period of 10 days. Controls
received conventional treatment only. Both groups showed good improvement, but
patients treated with the PEMFs recovered significantly faster than did
controls.331
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124. F.
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125. R.
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159. V.V.
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164. G.
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165. K.
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174. A.E.
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175. G.
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182. R.
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183. R.
Sandyk, "Further Observations on the Effects of External picoTesla Range
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185. R.
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186. R.
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187. R.
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188. R.
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189. R.
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190. R.
Sandyk, "Treatment with Electromagnetic Field Alters the Clinical Course
of Chronic Progressive Multiple Sclerosis--A Case Report," International
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191. R.
Sandyk, "Effect of Weak Electromagnetic Fields on Body Image Perception in
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192. R. Sandyk,
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193. R.
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194. R.
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195. R.
Sandyk & L.C. Dann, "Weak Electromagnetic Fields Attenuate Tremor in
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196. R.
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197. R.
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198. R.
Sandyk & R.P. Iacono, "Improvement PicoTesla Range Magnetic Fields of
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199. R.
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200. R.
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201. R.
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202. R.
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203. R.
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204. R.
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205. R.
Sandyk, "Premenstrual Exacerbation of Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis is
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206. R.
Sandyk & K. Derpapas, "Successful Treatment of an Acute Exacerbation
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207. R.
Sandyk & R.P. Iacono, "Resolution of Longstanding Symptoms of Multiple
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208. R.
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211. A. Sieron,
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212. I.E.
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