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Sleep disorders in the elderly

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Illustrations

Sleep patterns in the young and aged
Sleep patterns in the young and aged

Definition    Return to top

Sleep disorders in the elderly involve any disruptive pattern of sleep such as problems with falling or staying asleep, excessive sleep, or abnormal behaviors associated with sleep.

Causes    Return to top

Sleeping problems are common in the elderly. In general, older people require less sleep, and their sleep is less deep than that experienced by the young. Some causes of and contributors to sleep disturbances include the following:

Symptoms    Return to top

Exams and Tests    Return to top

Treatment    Return to top

The relief of chronic pain and control of underlying medical conditions such as frequent urination may improve sleep in some people. Effective treatment of depression can also improve sleep.

Sleep-promoting interventions such as a quiet sleep environment and a glass of warm milk before bed may improve the symptoms. Other ways to promote sleep include the following:

If you can't fall asleep after 20 minutes, get out of bed and do a quiet activity such as reading or listening to music.

The use of sleeping pills, such as benzodiazepines, to promote sleep is usually not recommended on a long-term basis, as these can produce dependence and lead to worsening sleep problems over time if used inappropriately.

However, other sleeping pills, such as Ambien and Lunesta, are relatively safe if used properly.

WARNING: The FDA has asked manufacturers of sedative-hypnotic sleep medicines to put stronger warning labels on their products so that consumers are more aware of the potential risks. Possible risks while taking such medicines include severe allergic reactions and dangerous sleep-related behaviors, including sleep-driving. Ask your doctor about these risks.

Outlook (Prognosis)    Return to top

Most people see improvement in sleep with treatment or interventions. However, others may continue to have persistent sleep disruptions.

Possible Complications    Return to top

A complication is alcohol use or drug abuse.

When to Contact a Medical Professional    Return to top

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if a lack of sleep or too much sleep is interfering with daily living.

Prevention    Return to top

Eliminating as many causes of sleep disruption as possible and encouraging regular exercise may help control sleep problems.

Update Date: 3/22/2007

Updated by: Updated by: A.D.A.M. Editorial Team: Greg Juhn, M.T.P.W., David R. Eltz, Kelli A. Stacy. Previously reviewed by Sandra W. Cohen, M.D. Private Practice specializing in geriatrics, Brooklyn, NY. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. (June 2006)

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