Liver spots are flat, brown-black spots that usually occur in sun-exposed areas of the body. They are unrelated to the liver or liver function.

Liver spots are changes in skin color that occur in older skin. The increased color may be brought on by aging, exposure to the sun or other forms of ultraviolet light, or other unknown causes.

Liver spots are extremely common after age 40. They occur most often on areas that have had the greatest sun exposure, such as the:

• Backs of the hands
• Face
• Forearms
• Forehead
• Shoulders

Skin lesion that is:

• A flat patch or area of skin color change (macule)
• Light brown to black
• On the hands, arms, or forehead
• Painless

A diagnosis is based on the appearance of the skin, especially if you are over 40 and have had a lot of sun exposure over the years. A liver spot that looks irregular may be biopsied to confirm that it is not skin cancer.

No treatment is needed in most cases. You can improve the cosmetic appearance of your skin by using skin bleaching lotions or creams. Freezing (cryotherapy) or laser treatment may be recommended to destroy the liver spots.

Liver spots are not medically dangerous. They are permanent skin changes that may affect the cosmetic appearance of the skin.

Liver spots are harmless and painless, but they may affect the appearance. This can cause emotional distress.

Occasionally, liver spots may make it difficult to diagnose skin cancers.

Call for an appointment with your health care provider if:

• You have liver spots and want them removed
• You develop any new symptoms, particularly changes in the appearance of any liver spot

Protect your skin from the sun by taking the following precautions:

• Wear protective clothing such as hats, long-sleeved shirts, long skirts, or pants.
• Use sunglasses to protect your eyes.
• Try to avoid sun exposure at midday, when sunlight is most intense.
• Use high quality sunscreens, preferably with SPF (sun protection factor) ratings of at least 30. Apply sunscreen at least a half hour before exposure, and reapply frequently. Use sunscreen in the winter, too.