to
the height of their popularity and diamond jewelry began to reflect the
same feeling for petals and garlands. The square decollete' of this
period allowed for the wearing of deep necklaces with many pendants,
while the illumination of a thousand candles in the ballroom at
Versailles encouraged the wearing of diamonds for their reflected
sparkle. Indeed, Louis XIV made it the duty of the grandees of France
and Spain to wear "the whole value of their lands and forests upon
their own and their wives' apparel when they appeared before his eyes."
During
the next reign, that of Louis XV, the vogue for diamonds became so
great that Joseph Strasser made a fortune by the invention of a lead
glass which could be cut in forms resembling the rose-cut diamond. This
substitute, known as French paste, was the forerunner of our
present-day rhinestones. It was no wonder that glitter should become
so popular since during that time there lived the Marquise Jeanne
Antoinette le Normant d'Etioles, better known as Mme de Pompadour, and
Countess Jeanne B6cu du Barry. Both were mistresses of Louis XV in the
order named.
Under
Pompadour, hair was brushed back from the forehead and the tendency
was toward the high coiffure; eventually powdered hair was soaring to
such fantastic heights that it was necessary to balance the headdress
by long earrings—and thus diamond pendants came into vogue. Under the
influence of du Barry, flower garlands, cupids, and lover's knots were
rampant throughout all decoration. The rose and the bow-knot, which
mean so much in today's jewelry, stem from this period and from the
succeeding reigns, particularly that of Marie Antoinette and her
husband, Louis XVI.
While Louis XV was giving his candle parties at Ver-
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