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Supporting User Interaction

To allow the user to interact with the graphics you display, you need to be able to determine when the user clicks on one of them. The Graphics2D hit method provides a way for you to easily determine whether a mouse click occurred over a particular Shape. Alternatively you can get the location of the mouse click and call contains on the Shape to determine whether the click was within the bounds of the Shape.

If you are using primitive text, you can perform simple hit testing by getting the outline Shape that corresponds to the text and then calling hit or contains with that Shape. Supporting text editing requires much more sophisticated hit testing. If you want to allow the user to edit text, you should generally use one of the Swing editable text components. If you are working with primitive text and are using TextLayout to manage the shaping and positioning of the text, you can also use TextLayout to perform hit testing for text editing. For more information see the chapter Text and Fonts in the Java 2D Programmer's Guide or see the HitTestSample example below, which uses a TextLayout to perform simple hit-testing.

Example: ShapeMover

This applet allows the user to drag a Shape around within the applet window. The Shape is redrawn at every mouse location to provide feedback as the user drags it.

This is a picture of the applet's GUI. To run the applet, click the picture. The applet will appear in a new browser window.

ShapeMover.java contains the complete code for this applet.

The contains method is called to determine whether the cursor is within the bounds of the rectangle when the mouse is pressed. If it is, the location of the rectangle is updated.

public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e){
    last_x = rect.x - e.getX();
    last_y = rect.y - e.getY();
    if(rect.contains(e.getX(), e.getY())) updateLocation(e);
...

public void updateLocation(MouseEvent e){
    rect.setLocation(last_x + e.getX(), last_y + e.getY());
    ...
    repaint();

You might notice that redrawing the Shape at every mouse location is slow, because the filled rectangle is rerendered every time it is moved. Using double buffering can eliminate this problem. If you use Swing, the drawing will be double buffered automatically; you don't have to change the rendering code at all. The code for a Swing version of this program is SwingShapeMover.java. To run the Swing version, visit Run SwingShapeMover.

If you're not using Swing, the Example: BufferedShapeMover section in the next lesson shows how you can implement double buffering by using a BufferedImage. You render into the BufferedImage and then copy the image to the screen.

Example: HitTestSample

This application illustrates hit testing by drawing the default caret wherever the user clicks on the TextLayout, as shown in the following figure.

This is a picture of the applet's GUI. To run the applet, click the picture. The applet will appear in a new browser window.

HitTestSample.java contains the complete code for this applet.

The mouseClicked method uses TextLayout.hitTestChar to return a java.awt.font.TextHitInfo object that contains the mouse click location (the insertion index) in the TextLayout object.

Information returned by the TextLayout getAscent, getDescent, and getAdvance methods is used to compute the location of the origin for the TextLayout object so it is horizontally and vertically centered.

...

private Point2D computeLayoutOrigin() {
  Dimension size = getPreferredSize();
  Point2D.Float origin = new Point2D.Float();
     
  origin.x = (float) (size.width - textLayout.getAdvance()) / 2;   
  origin.y = 
    (float) (size.height - textLayout.getDescent()
             + textLayout.getAscent())/2;
  return origin;
}

...

public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {
  super.paintComponent(g);
  setBackground(Color.white);
  Graphics2D graphics2D = (Graphics2D) g;                
  Point2D origin = computeLayoutOrigin();
  graphics2D.translate(origin.getX(), origin.getY());
                
  // Draw textLayout.
  textLayout.draw(graphics2D, 0, 0);
     
  // Retrieve caret Shapes for insertionIndex.
  Shape[] carets = textLayout.getCaretShapes(insertionIndex);
       
  // Draw the carets.  carets[0] is the strong caret and 
  // carets[1] is the weak caret.   
  graphics2D.setColor(STRONG_CARET_COLOR);
  graphics2D.draw(carets[0]);                
  if (carets[1] != null) {
    graphics2D.setColor(WEAK_CARET_COLOR);
    graphics2D.draw(carets[1]);
  }       
}

...

private class HitTestMouseListener extends MouseAdapter {
                
    /**
     * Compute the character position of the mouse click.
     */     
    public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
                
      Point2D origin = computeLayoutOrigin();
                
      // Compute the mouse click location relative to  
      // textLayout's origin.
      float clickX = (float) (e.getX() - origin.getX());
      float clickY = (float) (e.getY() - origin.getY());
         
      // Get the character position of the mouse click.
      TextHitInfo currentHit = textLayout.hitTestChar(clickX, clickY);
      insertionIndex = currentHit.getInsertionIndex();
            
      // Repaint the Component so the new caret(s) will be displayed.
      hitPane.repaint();
    }

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