|
>
|
Redirect output.
|
|
>>
|
Append output to file.
|
|
<
|
Redirect input.
|
|
<<
|
"Here" document (redirect input).
|
|
|
|
Pipe output.
|
|
&
|
Run process in background.
|
|
;
|
Separate commands on same line.
|
|
*
|
Match any character(s) in filename.
|
|
?
|
Match single character in filename.
|
|
!n
|
Repeat command number n.
|
|
[ ]
|
Match any characters enclosed.
|
|
( )
|
Execute in subshell.
|
|
"
"
|
Partial quote (allows variable and command expansion).
|
|
' '
|
Preserve literal value of enclosed characters.
|
|
\
|
Quote following character.
|
|
$var
|
Use value for variable.
|
|
$$
|
Process ID.
|
|
$0
|
Command name.
|
|
$n
|
nth argument
(0<n 9).
|
|
$*
|
All arguments.
|
|
$?
|
Exit status.
|
|
#
|
Begin comment.
|
|
Tab
|
Complete current word.
|
|
bg
|
Background execution.
|
|
break
|
Break from loop statements.
|
|
cd
|
Change directories.
|
|
continue
|
Resume a program loop.
|
|
echo
|
Display output.
|
|
eval
|
Evaluate arguments.
|
|
exec
|
Execute a new shell or other program.
|
|
fg
|
Foreground execution.
|
|
jobs
|
Show active jobs.
|
|
kill
|
Terminate running jobs.
|
|
newgrp
|
Change to a new group.
|
|
shift
|
Shift positional parameters.
|
|
stop
|
Suspend a background job.
|
|
suspend
|
Suspend a foreground job.
|
|
umask
|
Set or list permissions on files to be created.
|
|
unset
|
Erase variable or function definitions.
|
|
wait
|
Wait for a background job to finish.
|
