The Dream of Nebuchadnezzar 
From the "Speculum humanae salvationis," Codex Palatinus Latinus 413, Vatican, 15th cent. (see pars. 163, 484f., 559) 

THE STRUCTURE 
AND DYNAMICS 
OF THE PSYCHE 
C. G. JUNG 
SECOND EDITION 
TRANSLA TED Br R. F. C. HULL 
ROUTLEDGE 
LONDON 

FIRST PUBLISHED 1960 BY 
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	..••. 	Second edition, 7969 
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Printed in Great Britain by Redwood Press Limited Melksham, Wiltshire 
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THIS EDITION IS BEING PUBLISHED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY ROUTLEDGE, AND BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNDER THE SPONSORSHIP OF BOLLINGEN FOUNDATION. THE PRESENT VOLUME IS NUMBER 8 OF THE COLLECTED 
WORKS, AND WAS THE NINTH TO APPEAR. 
COPYRIGHT © 1960 BY BOLLINGEN FOUNDATION, INC. 
SECOND EDITION © 1969 BY PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS 
'-' l":>- 
v~~ ti6 
EDITORIAL NOTE 
This volume of the Collected Works contains essays which reveal the main dynamic models Jung has used and developed over a period that began when he broke away from psychoanalysis and formulated his own concepts as distinct from those of Freud. 
The first work, "On Psychic Energy," was written by Jung in answer to criticisms of his libido theory as it had been expounded in Wandlungen und Symbole der Libido (trans. as Psychology of the Unconscious) and The The01'y of Psychoanalysis. Originally entitled "The Theory of Libido," it was begun circa 1912 but not completed till many years later (1928). Its importance lies in the clarity of its argument and the comprehensiveness of its subject-matter. 
Another and longer essay, "On the Nature of the Psyche" (first version, 1946), presents an extensive review of .lung's theoretical position many years later and covers almost the< whole field of his endeavour. In it the author thoroughly examines the concepts of consciousness and the unconscious against their historical background, particularly in relation to instinct, and elaborates hIS theory of archetypes, a subject first broached more than twenty-five years earlier in "Instinct and the Unconscious" (1919). 
Of the first importance for understanding .J ung's thinking is "Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle" (1~)!")2). Here he advocates the inclusion of "meaningful coincidence" as a di· mension of understanding over and above causal.ity. This more specialized essay is truly revolutionary in nature, and Jung hesitated for many years before writing it; the subject was first broached in 1930, and eventually he published the developed work in a volume to which Professor Pauli also contributed. It contains hints for linking physics with psychology, as indeed the two aforementioned essays do also. 
Round these three works the remaining papers are grouped thematically. From among them two may be singled out: "The Stages of Life," because of the influence of the ideas it contains 
v 

"The Transcendent Function," written in 1916 but not brought to light for forty years. The latter develops Jung's earliest researches into the prospective character of unconscious processes and contains the first and, indeed, one of the most comprehensive accounts of "active imagination," though his later writings refer to and exemplify this technique again and again. 
The papers in Section V may also be of particular interest, as showing how the entities "soul," "mind," "spirit," and "life" are reduced to an empirical basis and replaced by the phenomenological concept of "psychic reality" as the subject of psychological investigation. 
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE 
As indicated in the editorial footnotes appended to these papers, previous translations have been consulted whenever possible in the preparation of this volume. Grateful acknowledgment is here made, in particular, to Mr. A. R. Pope, for help derived from his version of "The Transcendent Function," issued by the Students Association of the C. G . .lung Institute, Zurich; to Dr. Robert A. Clark, for reference to his translation of "General Aspects of Dream Psychology," privately published by the Analytical Psychology Club of New York, in SPring} 1956; to Miss Ethel Kirkham, for reference to her translation of "On the Nature of Dreams," SPring} 1948; and to Dr. Eugene H. Henley, whose translation of "The Soul and Death" in Spring} 1945, forms the basis of the present version. 
EDITORIAL NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION For this edition, bibliographical citations and entries have been revised in the light of subsequent publications in the Collected Works} and essential corrections have been made. The Germanlanguage equivalent of the present volume was published in the Gesammelte Werke in 1967, under the title Die Dynamik des Unbewussten (Zurich: Rascher). The English and German versions of Volume 8 contain the same works, with corresponding paragraph numbers up to par. 87 I, after which there are variations as explained in the editorial note on page 417 infra. A third revised edition of Vber psychische Energetik und das T¥esen der Triiume} source of five works in the present volume, appeared in 1965 (Zurich: Rascher), its revisions being chiefly bibliographical. Both of the aforementioned Swiss editions yielded revisions for the present English edition. 
vi 

TABLE OF CONTENTS 
EDITORIAL NOTE 
TRANSLATOR'S NOTE 
EDITORIAL NOTE TO THE SECOND EDITION 
On Psychic Energy 
Translated from "Uber die Energetik der Seele," in Vber psychische Energetik und das Wesen der Triiume (Zurich: 
Rascher, 1948). 
I. General Remarks on the Energic Point of View in Psychology, 3 (a. Introduction, 3; b. The Possibility of Quanti. tative Measurement in Psychology, 6).-II. Application of the Energic Standpoint, 14 (a. The Psychological Concept of Energy, 14; b. The Conservation of Energy, 18; c. Entropy, 25; d. Encrgism and Dynamism, 28).-IIL Fundamental Concepts of the Libido Theory, 32 (a. Progression and Regression, 32; b. Extraversion and Introversion, 40; c. The Canalization of Libido, 41; d. Symbol Formation, 45).-IV. The Primitive Conception of Libido, 61 
The Transcendent Function 
Translated from an unpublished ms., "Die Transzendente Funktion," written in 1916, later published in Geist und Werk (Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1958). 
A Review of the Complex Theory 
Translated from "AIIgemeines zur Komplextheorie," Uber psychische Energetik und das Wesen der Triiume (Zurich: 
Rascher, 1948) .. 
VII 

v 
v 
~ 
67 
92 

II 
'he Significance of Constitution and Heredity in 
	sychology 	107 
'ranslated from "Die Bedeutung von Konstitution und Ver'bung flir die Psychologie," Die medizinische Welt (Berlin), [I (1929). 

IV 
	General Aspects of Dream Psychology 	237 
Translated from "Allgemeine Gesichtspunkte zur Psychologie des Traumes," in Uber ps)'chische Ene;getik und das Wesen der Traume (Zurich: Rascher, 1948). 

sychological Factors Determining Human Behaviour 114 lriginally published in English in Factors Determining Hu- 
lan Behavior (Harvard Tercentenary Conference of Arts and ciences, 1936; Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1937). 

On the Nature of Dreams 
Translated from "Vom vVesen der Traume," Uber ps)'chische Energetik und das Wesen der Traume (Zurich, Rascher, 1948). 
V 

281 

III 
	nstinct and the Unconscious 	129 
'ranslated from "Instinkt und Unbewusstes," Uber ps)'chische :nergetik und das Wesen der Traume (Zurich: Rascher, 1948). 
	['he Structure of the Psyche 	139 
'ranslated from "Die Struktur der Seele," Seelenprobleme er Gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931). 
	)n the Nature of the Psyche 	159 
lranslated from "Theoretische Uberlegungen zum Wesen des 'sychischen," Von den Wurzeln des Bewusstseins (Zurich: ~ascher, 1954). 
1. The Unconscious in Historical Perspectiye, 159.-2. The Significance of the Unconscious in Psychology, 167.-3. The Dissociability of the Psyche, 173.-4. Instinct and Will, 178.5. Conscious and Unconscious, 184.-6. The Unconscious as a Multiple Consciousness, 190.-7. Patterns of Behaviour and Archetypes, 200.-8. General Considerations and Prospects, 216.-Supplement, 226 
Vlll 

	The Psychological Foundations of Belief in Spirits 	301 
Translated froI,l} "Die ps)'chologischen Grundlag~n des Geisterglaubens," Uber ps)'chische Energetik und das Wesen der Traume (Zurich: Rascher, 1948). 
	Spirit and Life 	319 
Translated from "Geist und Leben," Form uncI Sinn (Augsburg), II (1926). 
	Basic Postulates of Analytical Psychology 	338 
Translated from "Das Grundproblem der gegenwartigen Psychologie," l¥irhlichheit der See le (Zurich: Rascher, 1934). 
	Analytical Psychology and We.ltanschaullng 	358 
Translated from "Analytische Psychologie und vVeltanschauung," Seelenprobleme der Gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931). 
	The Real and the Surreal 	382 
Translated from "Wirklichkeit und Uberwirklichkeit," Querschnitt (Berlin), XII (1933). 
IX 

VI 
	The Stages of Life 	387 
Translated from "Die Lebenswende," Seelenprobleme der Gegenwart (Zurich: Rascher, 1931). 

I 

The Soul and Death 
Translated from "Seele und Tod," Wirhlicltkeit der Seele (Zurich: Rascher, 1934). 
VII 

4°4 

ON PSYCHIC ENERGY 
THE TRANSCENDENT FUNCTION 

	Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle 	417 
Translated from "Synchronizitat als ein Prinzip akausaler Zusammenhange," Naturerkliirung und Psyche (Studien aus dem C. G. Jung-Institut, IV; Zurich: Rascher, 1952). 
FOREWORD,419 
1.	EXPOSITION,421 
2.	AN ASTROLOGICAL EXPERIMENT, 459 
3. FORERUNNERS OF THE IDEA OF SYNCHRONICITY, 485 4· CONCLUSION, 505 
ApPENDIX: On Sync~~onicity, 520 
Translated from "Uber Synchronizitat," Emnos-Jahrbuch I95I (Zurich: Rhein-Verlag, 1952). 

A REVIEW OF THE COMPLEX THEORY 

BIBLIOGRAPHY 
INDEX 

x 

533 553