Common Names

Balm mint
Bee balm
Blue balm
Cure-all
Dropsy plant
Garden balm
Honey plant
Lemon balm
Melissa
Sweet balm
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Parts Usually Used

Herb, leaves
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Description of Plant(s) and Culture

Balm is a perennial plant; the stem is upright, hairy, quadrangular, and branched and grows as high as 3 feet. The leaves are opposite, ovate, long-petioled, somewhat hairy, bluntly serrate, and acuminate. The bilabiate flowers grow in axillary clusters and may vary in color from pale yellow to rose colored or blue-white. The flowering time is July and August.

When bruised, the whole plant smells like lemon.

The leaves of this plant, similar in appearance to those of Catnip, are best identified by the strong, pleasant lemony scent.
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Where Found

Common in the Mediterranean area and the Near East but is also naturalized to some places in the United States. Mostly, it is cultivated as a culinary herb, but it grows wild in fields, barnyards, old house sites, open woods, gardens and along roadsides, from Maine to Florida and west to Kansas.
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Medicinal Properties

Antispasmodic, calmative, carminative, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, stomachic, febrifuge, sedative, antidepressant, nervine
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Biochemical Information

Volatile oil (including citronellal), polyphenols, tannins, bitter principle, flavonoids, rosmarinic acid
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Legends, Myths and Stories

The great Paracelsus called this herb the elixir of life, and combined it with carbonate of potash in a mixture known as Primum Ens Melissae. It is recorded that one of Louis XIV's physicians, Lesebure, tried this out on an elderly chicken, which within a few days lost its tattered plumage, grew fresh feathers and started to lay eggs again. He had earlier tried it, with equally dramatic results, on two old servants, but did not complete the experiment. Another of Paracelsus's elixirs, the Primum Ens Sanquinis, contained human blood and Alcahest, a universal medicine based on caustic lime, alcohol and carbonate of potash.

Eau de Carmes, a fashionable 17th century perfume, was a distillation of balm leaves and spirits of wine, to which were added lemon peel, nutmeg, cloves and cinnamon. Balm oil is still a favorite scent throughout the Middle East. The botanical name melissa is from the Greek word for honey. Bees are particularly fond of this plant. Among the ancient Greeks it was a practice to place sprigs of balm in bee hives to attract a swarm.

John Hussey of Sydenham, England, who lived to the age of 116, breakfasted for 50 years on balm tea sweetened with honey, and the herb teas were the usual breakfasts of Llewelyn, Prince of Glamorgan, who lived to 108. Other amazing powers of longevity have been ascribed to lemon balm.

Balm and bees have been linked since ancient times. Melissa comes from the Greek for "honey bee", and lemon balm has the same healing and tonic properties as honey and royal jelly. Gerard said the the herb "comforteth the hart and driveth away all sadnesse," and it was a favorite in medieval "elixirs of youth;" the alchemist Paracelsus made a preparation called primum ens melissae, and even in the 18th century, it was still thought to "renew youth."

Originally grown in the Orient, Arab traders introduced this herb to Spain. It was later brought to Germany by Benedictine monks. Still popular in Europe, lemon balm is now grown in parts of the United States. The famous 17th century herbalist Culpeper thought so highly of lemon balm that he wrote, "Let a syrup made with the juice of it and sugar...be kept in every gentle woman's house to relieve the neighbours."

Essential oil: the concentrated essence of lemon balm has the same properties as the leaves but is far more potent; a few drops make an excellent antidote to depression. Pure essential oil is difficult to obtain commercially; it is often adulterated with lemon or lemongrass oils.
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Uses

Balm is a remedy for common female complaints and is useful for all sorts of nervous problems, hysteria, melancholy, and insomnia. Use balm tea to relieve cramps, dyspepsia, flatulence, colic, liver, spleen, bladder troubles, chronic bronchial catarrh, and some forms of asthma. Try it also for migraine and toothache, and, during pregnancy, for headaches, tension, and dizziness. The warm infusion has diaphoretic effects. An infusion of the leaves added to bath water is also said to promote the onset of menstruation. It is a cooling drink for feverish colds fever, and flu. Use the crushed leaves as a poultice for sores, tumors, swellings, milk-knots, and insect bites. Balm promotes sweating, and is a valuable stand-by when fever is present. Balm is also used in herb pillows because of its agreeable odor. Experimentally, hot-water extracts have been shown strongly antiviral for Newcastle disease, herpes, mumps; also antibacterial, antihistaminic, antispasmodic, and anti-oxidant.
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Formulas or Dosages

Collect the plant before or after flowering. The fresh plant is more effective than the dried.

Infusion: use 2 tsp. chopped herb or leaves to 1 cup boiling water. Drink warm, as required.

Cold extract: use 2 tbsp. per cup of cold water; let stand 8 hours.

Extract: mix 1/2 to 1 tsp. of extract in 1 cup water, take up to 3 times daily.

Use the dried herb to make tea, or drink 1 cup of packaged tea daily.

Tincture: the dose is 1/2 to 1 tsp.

Powder: take 10-40 grains at a time.
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How Sold

Sold in commercial antiviral preparations in Germany. This herb is widely available in tea, dried herb, and extract.
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Bibliography

• Back to Eden, by Jethro Kloss; pgs., 89, 165.
• American Folk Medicine, by Clarence Meyer, pg., 285.
• Complete Herbal & English Physician, by Nicholas Culpeper, pg., 215.
• The Complete Medicinal Herbal, by Penelope Ody, pgs., 78, 154-155, 164-165.
• Earl Mindell's Herb Bible, by Earl Mindell, pgs., 175-176.
• The Herbalist Almanac, by Clarence Meyer, pg., 21.
• The Herb Book, by John Lust, pgs., 45, 105-106, 157, 456, 462, 464, 470, 477-480, 482, 484, 488, 490, 510, 511, 520,521, 523, 526, 529, 532, 540,566, 573, 574, 579.
• Eastern/Central Medicinal Plants, by Steven Foster and James A. Duke, Plate 30, pg., 68.
• Old Ways Rediscovered, by Clarence Meyer, pgs., 59, 71.
• The Nature Doctor, by Dr. H.C.A. Vogel; pgs., 36, 73, 153, 184, 488, 407, 431, 435, 441.
• The Magic of Herbs, by David Conway, pgs., 83-84.
• American Folk Medicine, by Clarence Meyer, pg., 283.
• The Yoga of Herbs, by Dr. David Frawley & Dr. Vasant Lad, pg., 206.
• Webster's New World Dictionary, Third College Edition, Victoria Neufeldt, Editor in Chief, pg., 106.
• An Instant Guide to Medicinal Plants, by Pamela Forey and Ruth Lindsay, pg., 33.
• The Magic of Herbs in Daily Living, by Richard Lucas, pg., 126.
• The Rodale Herb Book, edited by William H. Hylton, pgs., 488-492.

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