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PROBUS, MARCUS VALERIUS

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 408 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PROBUS, See also:MARCUS See also:VALERIUS , of Berytus, See also:Roman grammarian and critic, flourished during the reign of See also:Nero. He was a student rather than a teacher, and devoted himself to the See also:criticism and elucidation of the texts of classical authors (especially the most important Roman poets) by means of marginal-See also:PROCESS notes or by signs, after the manner of the Alexandrine grammarians. In this way he treated See also:Horace, See also:Lucretius, See also:Terence and See also:Persius, the See also:biography of the last-named being probably taken from Probus's introduction to his edition of the poet. With the exception of these texts, he published little, but his lectures were preserved in the notes taken by his pupils. Some of his criticisms on See also:Virgil may be preserved in the commentary on the See also:Bucolics and Georgics which goes under his name. We possess by him See also:part of a See also:treatise De notis, probably an excerpt from a larger See also:work. It contains a See also:list of abbreviations used in See also:official and See also:historical writings (especially proper names), in See also:laws, legal pleadings and edicts. The following See also:works have been wrongly attributed to him. (I) Catholica Probi, on the declension of nouns, the conjugation of verbs, and the rhythmic endings of sentences. This is now generally regarded as the work of the grammarian See also:Marius Plotius Sacerdos (3rd See also:century). (2) See also:Institute artium, on the eight parts of speech, also called Ars vaticana from its having been found in a Vatican MS. As mention is made in it of the See also:baths of See also:Diocletian, it cannot be earlier than the 4th century.

It is possibly by a later Probus, whose existence is, however, problematical. (3) Appendix Probi, treating of the noun, the use of cases, rules of See also:

orthography (valuable in reference to the See also:pronunciation of Latin at the See also:time), and a table of Differentiae. As the author has evidently used the Institute, it also must be assigned to a See also:late date. (4) De nomine excerpta, a compilation from various grammatical works. See J. Steup, De Probis grammaticis (1871); See also:Teuffel-See also:Schwabe, Hist. of Roman Literature (Eng. trans.), 301.

End of Article: PROBUS, MARCUS VALERIUS

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