Online Etymology Dictionary

up-market (adj.): 1972, from up- + market (n.).
up-river (prep.): 1773, from up + river. As an adverb from 1848.
up-to-date (adv.): 1840, "right to the present time," from phrase up to date, probably originally from bookkeeping. As an adjective from 1865. Meaning "having the latest facts" is recorded from 1889; that of "having current styles and tastes" is from 1891.
Upanishad (n.): one of a class of speculative treatises in Sanskrit literature, 1805, from Sanskrit upa-nishad, literally "a sitting down beside." From upa "near to" (see up (adv.)) + ni-shad "to sit or lie down," from ni "downward" (from PIE *ni-, see nether) + -sad "sitting," From PIE *sed- (1) "to sit" (see sedentary).
upas (n.): legendary poisonous tree of Java, 1783, via Dutch, from Malay upas "poison," in pohun upas "poison tree." As the name of an actual tree (Antiaris toxicaria) yielding poisonous sap, from 1814.
upbeat (adj.): "with a positive mood," 1947, apparently from on the upbeat "improving, getting better," attested from 1934 and a favorite of "Billboard" headline-writers in the early 1940s, from the musical noun upbeat (1869), referring to the beat of a bar at which the conductor's baton is in a raised position; from up (adv.) + beat (n.). The "optimistic" sense apparently for no other reason than that it sounds like a happy word (the musical upbeat is no more inherently "positive" than any other beat).
upbraid (v.): Old English upbregdan "bring forth as a ground for censure," from up (adv.) + bregdan "move quickly, intertwine" (see braid (v.)). Similar formation in Middle Swedish upbrygdha. Meaning "scold" is first attested late 13c. Related: Upbraided; upbraiding.
upbringing (n.): 1510s, "act of rearing a young person," from up (adv.) + bringing (see bring (v.)). Mainly in Scottish in 16c.; in general use from c. 1870, according to OED. A verb upbring (past participle upbrought) was in Middle English in a sense "raise, rear, bring up, nurture" (c. 1300), but in Middle English upbringing is attested only as "act of introducing" (c. 1400).
upchuck (v.): "to vomit," by 1960, American English slang, from up (adv.) + chuck (v.) "to throw."
upcoming (adj.): 1848, "rising;" 1949, "forthcoming," from up (adv.) + coming (see come (v.)). It was a noun in Middle English, meaning "action of ascending" (mid-14c.), also "attack, onslaught" (c. 1300).
update (v.): 1944, in reference to information, 1952 in reference to persons, from up (adv.) + date (v.1). Related: Updated; updating. The noun is attested from 1967.
updraft (n.): also updraught, "rising air current," 1909, from up (adj.) + draft (n.).
upend (v.): also up-end, "set on end," 1823, from up + end. Related: Upended; upending.
upfield (adv.): 1951, from up (adv.) + field (n.).
upfront (adj.): 1932, up front "in the front," from up + front (n.). Meaning "honest, open" is from 1970; that of "paid in advance" is from 1967.
upgather (v.): also up-gather, 1580s, from verbal phrase, from up (adv.) + gather (v.). Related: Upgathered; upgathering.
upgrade (n.): also up-grade, 1847, "upward slope," from up (adj.) + grade (n.). The meaning "upgraded version" is recorded from 1980.
upgrade (v.): "increase to a higher grade or rank," 1904 (transitive); 1950 (intransitive), from up (adv.) + grade (v.). Related: Upgraded; upgrading.
upheaval (n.): 1834 in reference to convulsions in society; 1836 in geology, from verb upheave (c. 1300, from up (adv.) + heave (v.)) + -al (2). Similarly formed verbs are Old Frisian upheva, Old High German ufhevan, German aufheben.
upheld: past participle of uphold (q.v.).
uphill (adj.): 1610s, from up + hill (n.). As an adverb from c. 1600. Grose's "Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue" (1785) has "Uphills, false dice that run high."
uphold (v.): c. 1200, "support, sustain," from up (adv.) + hold (v.). Similar formation in Old Frisian upholda, Middle Dutch ophouden, German aufhalten. Meaning "maintain in good condition or repair" is from 1570s. Related: Upheld; upholding.
upholster (v.): 1853, back-formation from upholsterer. Related: Upholstered; upholstering.
upholsterer (n.): "tradesman who finishes or repairs articles of furniture" (1610s), from upholdester (early 15c.; early 14c. as a surname), formed with diminutive (originally fem.) suffix -ster + obsolete Middle English noun upholder "dealer in small goods" (c. 1300), from upholden "to repair, uphold, keep from falling or sinking" (in this case, by stuffing); see uphold (v.).
upholstery (n.): "upholsterer's work, furniture covered with textile materials, interior fittings made from textiles," 1640s; see upholster + -y (4).
upkeep (n.): "maintenance; cost of maintenance," 1849, from verbal phrase keep up "maintain in good order or condition" (1660s); see up (adv.) + keep (v.).
upland (n.): "interior district of a country," Old English upland "the country" (as opposed to the town), from up- + land (n.). As an adjective from 14c. Related: Uplandish (Old English uplendisc "rural rustic"); uplander. Jock Upaland was a 16c.-17c. term for a rustic.
uplift (v.): mid-14c., from up (adv.) + lift (v.). Related: Uplifted; uplifting.
uplift (n.): 1845, from up (adj.) + lift (n.).
uplink (n.): 1968, from up- + link (n.).
upload (v.): by 1980, from up (adv.) + load (v.). Related: Uploaded; uploading.
upon (prep.): early 12c., from Old English uppan (prep.) "on, upon, up to, against," from up (adv.) + on (prep.); probably influenced by Scandinavian sources such as Old Norse upp a.
upon (adv.): Old English upon; see up (adv.) + on (prep.).
upper (adj.): c. 1300, originally comparative of up (adj.). Similar formation in Middle Dutch upper, Dutch opper, Low German upper, Norwegian yppare. Upper hand "advantage" is late 15c., perhaps from wrestling (get the over-hand in the same sense is from early 14c.). Upperclassman is recorded from 1871.

Upper crust is attested from mid-15c. in reference to the top crust of a loaf of bread, 1836 in reference to society. Upper middle class (adj.) is recorded from 1835. Upper ten thousand (1844) was common mid-19c. for "wealthier and more aristocratic part of a large community;" hence uppertendom.
upper (n.): "part of a shoe above the sole," 1789, from upper (adj.). Sense of "stimulant drug" is from 1968, agent noun from up (v.).
uppercut (n.): in pugilism, a close-in strike upward with the fist, 1831, from upper + cut (n.). Perhaps the image is of chopping a tree by making cuts up (as well as down) in the trunk.
It was on a side hill, and I observed a boy, who appeared to be about fifteen years of age, opposite the house felling a large tree; he had cut a few chips from the under side, and was then making the principal incision on the upper. ... I said to the boy, "Well Sir, I see that you make the upper cut." "That is the true cut," said the boy; "for if you will take the axe and try below, you will find that the tree will crowd down upon your chips, and you can't get it down in double the time." [Theodore Sedgwick, "Hints to My Countrymen," 1826]
uppermost (adj.): mid-15c., from upper (adj.) + -most.
uppish (adj.): 1670s, "lavish," from up (adv.) + -ish. Sense of "conceited, arrogant, proudly self-assertive" attested from 1734. Related: Uppishly; uppishness.
uppity (adj.): 1880, American English, from up + -ity; originally used by blacks of other blacks felt to be too self-assertive (first recorded use is in "Uncle Remus").
upraise (v.): c. 1300, from up (adv.) + raise (v.). Related: Upraised; upraising.
upright (adj.): Old English upriht "erect, face-upward;" see up (adv.) + right (adj.1). Similar compounds are found in other Germanic languages (Old Frisian upriucht, Middle Dutch oprecht, Old High German ufreht, German aufrecht, Old Norse uprettr). Figurative sense of "good, honest, adhering to rectitude" is first attested 1520s.

As an adverb, Old English uprihte. As a noun, 1560s in the sense "a vertical front;" c. 1700 as "a vertical timber in framing;" 1742 in the sense "something standing erect." Meaning "an upright piano" is from 1860.
THREE-PENNY UPRIGHT. A retailer of love, who, for the sum mentioned, dispenses her favours standing against a wall. ["Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue," 1811]

The bent-over rear-entry posture they are talking about, of course, is kubda, the three-obol position at the bottom-end of a prostitute's price-range. [James N. Davidson, "Courtesans and Fishcakes: The Consuming Passions of Classical Athens," 1997]
uprise (v.): c. 1300, "stand up; get out of bed; ascend to a higher level," from up (adv.) + rise (v.). Similar formation in West Frisian oprize, Middle Dutch oprisen, Dutch oprijzen.
uprising (n.): mid-13c., "action of rising from death or the grave, resurrection," from up (adv.) + rising (n.). Meaning "action of rising from bed" is recorded from c. 1300; sense of "insurrection, popular revolt" first attested 1580s.
uproar (n.): 1520s, "outbreak of disorder, revolt, commotion," used by Tindale and later Coverdale as a loan-translation of German Aufruhr or Dutch oproer "tumult, riot," literally "a stirring up," in German and Dutch bibles (as in Acts xxi:38). From German auf (Middle Dutch op) "up" (see up (adv.)) + ruhr (Middle Dutch roer) "a stirring, motion," related to Old English hreran "to move, stir, shake" (see rare (adj.2)). Meaning "noisy shouting" is first recorded 1540s, probably by mistaken association with unrelated roar.
uproarious (adj.): 1791, from uproar + -ous. Related: Uproariously.
uproot (v.): 1590s (implied in uprooted), in the figurative sense, from up (adv.) + root (v.). The literal sense is first recorded 1690s. Related: Uprooted; uprooting.
upscale (adj.): 1966, "at the higher end of a scale, superior," a commercial word, from up (adv.) + scale (v.3).
upset (v.): mid-15c., "to set up, fix," from up (adv.) + set (v.). Similar formation in Middle Dutch opsetten "set up, propose," German aufsetzen. Modern sense of "overturn, capsize" (1803) is that of obsolete overset. In reference to the stomach, from 1834. Meaning "to throw into mental discomposure" is from 1805. Related: Upsetting.
upset (n.): early 15c., "insurrection," from upset (v.). Meaning "overturning of a vehicle or boat" is recorded from 1804.
upset (adj.): early 14c., "erected," past participle adjective from upset (v.). From 1805 as "distressed."