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To the illustrious duke of saxony and thuringia and misena prince of Maurice
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of 251
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DEDICATION
3
Although our veins and mines do not produce all varieties of minerals I have attempted to discuss those minerals not found in Germany but in other parts of Europe and certain parts of Asia and Africa. In the discussion of these minerals learned men, traders and miners have been of great assistance to me. As a rule, in connection with each mineral, I shall mention the places where it has been found or is found today. It is well known that certain regions produce famous earths, others congealed juices, stones, gems, marbles and metals. Some of these substances lack names as previous writers have not mentioned them and it will be necessary that I give them new names. As a rule I will give them Greek names as they cannot be named so aptly in Latin.
Most Illustrious Prince. I dedicate these books to you, in part because of the many favors you have bestowed upon me and for which I shall always be grateful, in part because the greatness of your name and reputation will give them added value. Actually your name adds greater honor to these books than any which might come to you through this association. If we consider birth, we see you having been born to that noble family which is one of the oldest and greatest of all Germany, second only in rank of nobility. If we consider favors of fortune, we see you abounding in riches and great and lasting power. You are known to be brave, strong of body, and with a stature becoming to the dignity of a Prince. Your strength of character is shown by the deep understanding with which you treat all people; by your manly courage and your burning zeal. You have become famous and renowned because of these attributes, praised by King Ferdinand and approved of, above all others, by The Most Invincible Emperor Charles. Your kingdom abounds in metals and, since we treat of metals in different sections of these books, it is most appropriate that they be dedicated to you.
In Misena silver, tin, copper, and iron are found; in Thuringia, near Sangerhausen, copper. Moreover Misena is so rich in silver that I need not mention any other metal to illustrate my point. Three hundred years ago the veins of Freiberg alone yielded enough silver annually to Prince Henry, who first annexed Thuringia to Misena, to purchase the kingdom of Bohemia. It was during his reign that a great tree was made from silver and set up near Northausen, Thuringia, not that anyone might sit beneath it as Xerxes once sat beneath a golden tree, but that its leaves, some of which were of gold and some of silver, could be given to nobles of all ranks who might come there to compete in tournaments. Golden leaves were given to those who unseated their opponents, silver leaves to those whose matches were a tie. There were no leaves for the unfortunate one who was unseated.
Garium, Misena, has been an esteemed producer of silver for one hundred and fifty years, Schneeberg for eighty-four years, Annaberg for forty-three years, and Marienberg for sixteen years. In recent years mines in the Joachimstal and Albertham valleys at the base of the Sudetes Mountains
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Table Of Contents
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Agricola. Textbook of Mineralogy.
Front page, forword and index
To the illustrious duke of saxony and thuringia and misena prince of Maurice
Book I Minerals color, taste, odor , physical properties of gemstones and minerals such as emeralds, diamonds, rubies, sapphires
Book II About different applications of earths (painting, medical) and their occurrences
Book III about halite and nitrium, alum and acrid juices and related minerals, sulphur, bitumen, realgar, and orpiment; the fourth, chrysocolla, aerugo, caeruleum, ferrugo
Book IV Sulphur, amber, Pliny's gems, jet, bitumen, naphtha, camphor, maltha, Samothracian gem, thracius stone, obsidianus stone
Book V about lodestone, hematite, geodes, hematite, selenite, lapis secularum, asbestos, mica
Book VI gems: diamond, emeralds, sapphire, topaz, chrysoberyl, carbuncle, jaspis
Book VII marbles, gems in rings and other applications
Book VIII metals, precious such as gold, platinum, silver
Book IX artificially coloring of metals such as gold, silver, copper
Book X lapis sabinicus, lapis selentinus, lapis liparaeus and other mixtures of stone, metal and earth
Latin Mineral Index
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