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A.1 Nucleotide Codes

We have included a list of accepted nucleotide replacement combinations and their respective symbols. The symbols are commonly found in output data from sequencing instruments. Table A-1 shows the complete set of nucleotide codes.

Table A-1. Nucleotide codes

Symbol

Acceptable nucleotides

Name or type

Complement

G

G

Guanine

C

A

A

Adenine

T

T

T

Thymine

A

C

C

Cytosine

G

R

G or A

purine

Y

Y

T or C

pyrimidine

R

M

A or C

amino

K

K

G or T

keto

M

S

G or C

 

S

W

A or T

 

W

H

A or C or T

 

D

B

G or T or C

 

V

V

G or C or A

 

B

D

G or A or T

 

H

N

G or A or T or C

any nucleotide

N

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