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SYNDERESIS

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 293 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SYNDERESIS , a See also:

term in scholastic See also:philosophy applied to the inborn moral consciousness which distinguishes between See also:good and evil. The word is really synteresis (Gr. uuvritp77o-is, from Qvyrnpeiv, to look after, take care of), but synderesis is the commoner See also:form. See also:Diogenes Laertius in his See also:account of the See also:Stoics (vii.85, T~v SE 7rp6env hp/.0 v 4,See also:aut rb "ciov 1crxety E1ri rO T77Peiv iaurh) uses the phrase T?7peiv 'avro to describe the See also:instinct for self-preservation, the inward See also:harmony of See also:Chrysippus, the recognition of which is vvveihnves. The term synderesis, however, is not found till See also:Jerome, who in dealing with Ezek. i. 4-15, says the See also:fourth of the " living creatures " of the See also:vision is what the Greeks See also:call ovvTi7p77ves, i.e. scintilla conscientiae the " spark of See also:conscience." Here apparently synderesis and conscience (amiantus) are See also:equivalent. By the schoolmen, however, the terms were differentiated, conscience being the See also:practical envisaging of good and evil actions; synderesis being, so to speak, the tendency toward good in thought and See also:action. The exact relation between the two was, however, a See also:matter of controversy, See also:Aquinas and See also:Duns Scotus holding that both are practical See also:reason, while See also:Bonaventura narrows synderesis to the volitional tendency to good actions.

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