- disguise (n.)
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- c. 1400, "strange style of dress" (especially one meant to deceive), from disguise (v.).
- disgust (n.)
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- 1590s, from Middle French desgoust "strong dislike, repugnance," literally "distaste" (16c., Modern French dégoût), from desgouster "have a distaste for," from des- "opposite of" (see dis-) + gouster "taste," from Latin gustare "to taste" (see gusto).
- disgust (v.)
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- c. 1600, from Middle French desgouster "have a distaste for" (see disgust (n.)). Sense has strengthened over time, and subject and object have been reversed; the older use looks like this: "It is not very palatable, which makes some disgust it" (1660s). The reverse sense of "to excite nausea" is attested from 1640s. Related: Disgusted; disgusting.
- dish (n.)
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- Old English disc "plate, bowl, platter," from Latin discus "dish, platter, quoit," from Greek diskos "disk, platter" (see disk (n.)). A common West Germanic borrowing; Old High German borrowed the word as tisc "plate," but German tisch now means "table," in common with other later Romanic forms (such as Italian desco, French dais). Meaning "particular variety of food served" is first recorded mid-15c. Meaning "what one likes" is c. 1900; that of "attractive woman" is 1920s. Meaning "concave reflector or antenna" attested from 1948.
- dish (v.)
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- "to serve food," late 14c., from dish (n.). Meaning "to disparage, denigrate" first recorded 1940s; probably from the same notion in figurative dish it out "administer punishment" (1934). Related: Dished; dishing.
- dishabille (n.)
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- 1670s, from French déshabillé (17c.), noun use of past participle of déshabiller "to undress" (oneself), from des- (see dis-) + habiller "to dress," originally "prepare, arrange" (see habit (n.)).
- disharmony (n.)
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- c. 1600; see dis- + harmony.
- dishcloth (n.)
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- also dish-cloth, 1828, from dish (n.) + cloth. It relegated earlier dish-clout (1520s) to dialect.
- dishearten (v.)
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- 1590s (first recorded in "Henry V"), from dis- "the opposite of" + hearten. Related: Disheartened; disheartening.
- dishevel (v.)
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- originally an adjective, "bare-headed," late 14c., variant (with muted final -e) of dishevely, from Old French deschevele "bare-headed, with shaven head," past participle adjective from descheveler "to disarrange the hair," from des- "apart" (see dis-) + chevel "hair," from Latin capillus "hair" (see capillary). Of the hair, "dissheveled," mid-15c. OED says use as a verb is chiefly a back-formation from disheveled.
- disheveled (adj.)
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- also dishevelled, early 15c., "without dressed hair," parallel form of dishevel (adj.); see dishevel. General sense of "with disordered dress" is from c. 1600.
- dishonest (adj.)
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- late 14c., from Old French deshoneste (13c., Modern French déshonnête) "dishonorable, horrible, indecent," perhaps from a Medieval Latin or Gallo-Roman compound of Latin dis- "not" (see dis-) + honestus "honorable" (see honest). The Latin formation was dehonestus. Related: Dishonestly.
- dishonesty (n.)
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- late 14c., "disgrace, shame, want of honor," from Old French deshonesté (13c.) "dishonor, impropriety," from des- (see dis-) + Latin honestatem "honorableness" (see honesty). Meaning "want of honesty" is recorded from 1590s.
- dishonor (v.)
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- mid-13c., from Old French deshonorer (12c.), from Late Latin dishonorare (reformed from classical Latin dehonestare), from dis- "opposite of" (see dis-) + honorare "to honor" (see honor (v.)). Related: Dishonored; dishonoring.
- dishonor (n.)
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- c. 1300, from Old French deshonor (12c.); see dishonor (v.).
- dishonorable (adj.)
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- 1530s; see dis- + honorable. Related: Dishonorably.
- dishonour
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- chiefly British English spelling of dishonor; also see -or. Related: Dishonoured; dishonouring; dishonourable; dishonourably.
- dishpan (n.)
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- "pan in which dishes are washed," 1872, from dish (n.) + pan (n.). Dishpan hands attested from 1944.
- dishwasher (n.)
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- also dish-washer, mid-15c. of persons; 1867 of machines; from dish (n.) + washer.
- dishwater (n.)
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- also dish-water, "water where dishes have been washed," late 15c., from dish (n.) + water (n.1). Used figuratively of weak broth, coffee, etc., from 1719.
- dishy (adj.)
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- "very attractive," 1961, from dish (n.) in the "attractive or desirable person or thing" sense + -y (2).
- disillusion (v.)
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- "to free or be freed from illusion," 1855, from a noun meaning "act of freeing from illusion" (1814); see dis- + illusion. Related: Disillusioned; disillusioning.
- disillusionment (n.)
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- 1856, from disillusion + -ment.
- disincentive (n.)
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- 1946; see dis- + incentive (n.).
- disinclination (n.)
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- 1640s; see dis- + inclination.
- disincline (v.)
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- 1640s, from dis- + incline (v.). Related: Disinclined; disinclining.
- disinfect (v.)
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- 1590s, perhaps from French désinfecter (16c.), or formed in English from dis- + infect. Related: Disinfected; disinfecting.
- disinfectant (n.)
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- 1837, from French désinfectant (1816), noun use of present participle of désinfecter (see disinfect). From 1875 as an adjective.
- disinformation (n.)
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- 1955, from Russian dezinformatsiya (1949), which is said to be from French; see dis- + information.
- disingenuous (adj.)
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- "lacking in candor," 1650s, from dis- "opposite of" + ingenuous. Related: Disingenuously; disingenuousness.
- disinherit (v.)
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- mid-15c., from dis- "not" + inherit. Related: Disinherited; disinheriting. Replaced earlier desherit (c. 1300), from Old French desheriter.
- disinhibition (n.)
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- 1927; see dis- + inhibition. From the start it was noted as being, often, "inhibition of an inhibition."
- disintegrate (v.)
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- 1796, from dis- "do the opposite of" + integrate (v.). Related: Disintegrated; disintegrating.
- disintegration (n.)
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- 1796, noun of action from disintegrate.
- disinter (v.)
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- 1610s, from French désenterrer (15c.), from dés- (see dis-) + enterrer "to inter" (see inter). Related: Disinterred.
- disinterested (adj.)
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- 1610s, "unconcerned," the sense we now would ascribe to uninterested, with the sense of "impartial" going to disinteressed (c. 1600). See dis- + interest. Modern sense of disinterested is first attested 1650s. As things now stand, disinterested means "free from personal bias," while uninterested means "caring nothing for the matter in question." Related: Disinterestedly; disinterestedness.
- disinvestment (n.)
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- 1938, first recorded in writings of J.M. Keynes, from dis- + investment. The verb disinvest in this sense is a back-formation attested from 1961. Related: Disinvested; disinvesting.
- disinvite (v.)
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- 1570s; see dis- + invite. Related: Disinvited; disinviting.
- disjecta membra (n.)
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- "scattered remains" (especially literary), from Horace's Latin phrase disjecti membra poetae "limbs of a dismembered poet."
- disjointed (adj.)
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- 1640s, past participle adjective from disjoint (mid-15c.), from Old French desjoindre, from Latin disiungere, from dis- (see dis-) + iungere (see jugular).
- disjunction (n.)
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- c. 1400, disjunccioun, from Old French disjunction (13c.) or directly from Latin disjunctionem "separation," noun of action from past participle stem of disjungere (see disjointed).
- disjuncture (n.)
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- c. 1400, surgical, "dislocation," from Latin; see dis- + juncture. Figurative use from 1680s.
- disk (n.)
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- American English preferred spelling, 1660s, "round flat surface," from Latin discus "quoit, discus, disk," from Greek diskos "disk, quoit, platter," related to dikein "throw," from PIE *dik-skos-, from root *deik- "to show, pronounce solemnly; also in derivatives referring to the directing of words or objects" [Watkins]; see diction.
Sense of "phonograph disk" is 1888; computing sense is from 1947. Disk jockey first recorded 1941; dee-jay is from 1955; DJ is 1961; video version veejay is 1982. Disk-drive is from 1952.
- diskette (n.)
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- "floppy disk," 1973, from disk with diminutive suffix -ette.
- dislike (v.)
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- 1540s (implied in disliking), hybrid which ousted native mislike as the opposite of like (v.). Related: Disliked; disliking. English in 16c. also had the excellent dislove "hate, cease to love," but it did not survive.
- dislocate (v.)
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- c. 1600, from earlier adjective or past participle dislocate "out of joint" (c. 1400), from Medieval Latin dislocatus, past participle of dislocare "put out of place," from Latin dis- "away" (see dis-) + locare "to place" (see locate). Related: Dislocated; dislocating.
- dislocation (n.)
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- c. 1400, originally of bones, from Old French dislocacion (14c.), or directly from Medieval Latin dislocationem (nominative dislocatio), noun of action from past participle stem of dislocare (see dislocate). General sense is from c. 1600.
- dislodge (v.)
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- c. 1400, from Old French deslogier "to leave or cause to leave a lodging place; expel, drive away," from des- "do the opposite of" (see dis-) + logier (see lodge (v.)). Related: Dislodged; dislodging.
- disloyal (adj.)
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- early 15c. (implied in disloyally), from Old French desloial, desleal (Modern French déloyal) "treacherous, false, deceitful," from des- (see dis-) + loial (see loyal).
- disloyalty (n.)
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- early 15c., from Middle French desloyaulte, from Old French desloiaute, desleauté "disloyalty, faithlessness, marital infidelity," from desloial (see disloyal). Especially of allegiance to a state or sovereign since c. 1600.