1580s "to argue obstinately, wrangle," "prob. a popular perversion of argue, or confusion of that word with haggle" [OED]. Reduplicated form argle-bargle is from 1822 (sometimes argy-bargy, 1857); As a noun, "wrangling" from 1861.
argent
Argentina
Argentine
argentine
Argive
argle
Argo
argon
Argonaut
argosy
argot