1895, from carbon (paper) + copy (n.). A copy on paper made using carbon-paper (paper faced with carbon, used between two sheets for reproduction on the lower of what is drawn or written on the upper). The figurative sense is from 1944. Also as a verb, "send a carbon copy (of something)," and as such often abbreviated c.c.
carbonaceous
carbonara
carbonate
carbonated
carbonation
carbon-copy
carbonic
carboniferous
carbonization
Carborundum
carboy