said to be from 19c. (but first attested 1959), perhaps from wallop, British slang for "beer," and cod in one of its various senses, perhaps "testicles" (a 1966 citation in OED spells it cod's wallop).
codification
codify
codominant
codon
cod-piece
codswallop
coe
co-ed
co-education
co-educational
coefficient