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dilatation (n.)

c. 1400, dilatacioun, "act of expanding, expansion," especially "abnormal enlargement of an aperture of the body," from Old French dilatation and directly from Late Latin dilatationem (nominative dilatatio) "a widening," noun of state from past-participle stem of Latin dilatare "make wider, enlarge," from dis- "apart" (see dis-) + lātus "broad, wide, widespread, extended" (see latitude). Also in Middle English "amplification in discourse" (late 14c.). In gynecology dilatation and curettage is by 1896.

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Definitions of dilatation from WordNet

dilatation (n.)
the state of being stretched beyond normal dimensions;
Synonyms: distension / distention
dilatation (n.)
the act of expanding an aperture;
Synonyms: dilation
From wordnet.princeton.edu