1788, "pertaining to or derived from documents," from document (n.) + -ary. Meaning "factual, meant to provide a record of something" is by 1921, originally in reference to film, from French film documentaire (by 1919). The noun (short for documentary film) is attested by 1935.
doctrinaire
doctrinal
doctrine
docudrama
document
documentary
documentation
dodder
doddypoll
dodeca-
dodecahedron