1520s, "legal power of administering judgment," from Medieval Latin iudicatura, from iudicat-, past participle stem of Latin iudicare "to judge" (see judge (v.)). For ending see -ure. Meaning "extent of jurisdiction of a judge or court" is from 1847.
judgmental
judicable
judication
judicative
judicatory
judicature
judicial
judiciary
judicious
Judith
judo