1823, originally slang, "garment or suit of clothes which does not fit the person for whom it was intended;" see mis- (1) "bad, wrong" + fit (n.1). Hence anything that fails of its intended effect; the meaning "person who does not fit his environment" is attested by 1880.
misery
misestimate
misfeasance
misfield
misfire
misfit
misfortune
misgiving
misgovern
misgovernance
misgovernment