1959 as a shortening of monophonic in reference to recordings; earlier used among printers for "monotype machine" (c. 1925) and generally for monochrome (motorcar, etc.), 1940s. From 1964 as short for mononucleosis.
monkey-wrench
monkish
monkshood
Monmouth
mono-
mono
monoceros
monochromatic
monochrome
monocle
monocular