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next (adj.)

"nearest in place, position, rank, or turn," Middle English nexte, from Old English niehsta, nyhsta (West Saxon), nesta (Anglian) "nearest in position or distance, closest in kinship," superlative of neah (West Saxon), neh (Anglian) "nigh;" from Proto-Germanic *nekh- "near" + superlative suffix *-istaz. Cognate with Old Norse næstr, Dutch naast "next," Old High German nahisto "neighbor," German nächst "next."

In reference to time by c. 1200. Adverbial ("next to, immediately after; almost, within a little of") and prepositional ("nearest to, immediately adjacent to") uses are from c. 1200. Phrase the next man "a typical person" is from 1857. Next-best "second best" is by 1670s.

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Definitions of next from WordNet
1
next (adj.)
(of elected officers) elected but not yet serving;
our next president
Synonyms: future / succeeding
next (adj.)
nearest in space or position; immediately adjoining without intervening space;
the person sitting next to me
in the next room
Synonyms: adjacent / side by side
next (adj.)
immediately following in time or order;
the next president
the next item on the list
next in line
Synonyms: following
next (adj.)
(of a day of the week) nearest (or nearest but one) after the present moment;
not this Saturday, next Saturday
on Tuesday next
2
next (adv.)
at the time or occasion immediately following;
next the doctor examined his back
From wordnet.princeton.edu