"of, pertaining to, or derived from nitre," 1794, originally in reference to acid obtained initially from distillation of saltpeter; see nitre + -ic. Perhaps immediately from French nitrique. The acid was known as aqua fortis, later acid spirit of nitre, then nitric acid (1787) under the system ordered by Lavoisier.
nitric acid
niter
nitpick
nitpicker
nitrate
nitre
nitric
nitrification
nitro
nitro-
nitrogen
nitroglycerine