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put (v.)

late Old English *putian, implied in putung "instigation, an urging," literally "a putting;" related to pytan "put out, thrust out" (of eyes), probably from a Germanic stem that also produced Danish putte "to put," Swedish dialectal putta; Middle Dutch pote "scion, plant," Dutch poten "to plant," Old Norse pota "to poke."

Meaning "act of casting a heavy stone overhead" (as a trial of strength) is attested from c. 1300. Obsolete past tense form putted is attested 14c.-15c. To put down "end by force or authority" (a rebellion, etc.) is from c. 1300. Adjective phrase put out "angry, upset" is first recorded 1887; to put out, of a woman, "to offer oneself for sex" is from 1947. To put upon (someone) "play a trick on, impose on" is from 1690s. To put up with "tolerate, accept" (1755) was originally to put up, as in "to pocket." To put (someone) on "deceive" is from 1958.

put (n.)

c. 1300, "act of throwing a weight overhand as a test of strength," from put (v.). General meaning "act of putting" is from early 15c. Also compare putt (n.).

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Definitions of put from WordNet
1
put (v.)
put into a certain place or abstract location;
Synonyms: set / place / pose / position / lay
put (v.)
cause to be in a certain state; cause to be in a certain relation;
That song put me in awful good humor
put your ideas in writing
put (v.)
formulate in a particular style or language;
I wouldn't put it that way
Synonyms: frame / redact / cast / couch
put (v.)
attribute or give;
He put all his efforts into this job
She put too much emphasis on her the last statement
The teacher put an interesting twist to the interpretation of the story
Synonyms: assign
put (v.)
make an investment;
Synonyms: invest / commit / place
put (v.)
estimate;
We put the time of arrival at 8 P.M.
Synonyms: place / set
put (v.)
cause (someone) to undergo something;
He put her to the torture
put (v.)
adapt;
put these words to music
put (v.)
arrange thoughts, ideas, temporal events;
I put these memories with those of bygone times
Synonyms: arrange / set up / order
2
put (n.)
the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date;
Synonyms: put option
From wordnet.princeton.edu