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sample (n.)

c. 1300, "something which confirms a proposition or statement," from Anglo-French saumple, a shortening of Old French essample, from Latin exemplum "a sample" (see example). Meaning "small quantity (of something) from which the general quality (of the whole) may be inferred" (usually in a commercial sense) is recorded from early 15c.; sense of "specimen for scientific sampling" is from 1878. As an adjective from 1820.

sample (v.)

"to test by taking a sample," 1767, from sample (n.). Earlier "to be a match for" (1590s). Related: Sampled; sampling.

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Definitions of sample from WordNet
1
sample (n.)
a small part of something intended as representative of the whole;
sample (n.)
items selected at random from a population and used to test hypotheses about the population;
Synonyms: sample distribution / sampling
sample (n.)
all or part of a natural object that is collected and preserved as an example of its class;
2
sample (v.)
take a sample of;
Synonyms: try / try out / taste
From wordnet.princeton.edu