1550s, formed in English from saturate, or else from Late Latin saturationem (nominative saturatio), noun of action from past participle stem of saturare "to fill full, sate, drench," from satur "sated, full," from PIE root *sa- "to satisfy." Saturation bombing is from 1942, first in reference to Allied air raid on Cologne, Germany.
the saturation of cotton with ether
satisfying
satori
satrap
sattva
saturate
saturation
Saturday
Saturn
saturnalia
saturnine
satyagraha