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sketch (n.)

"rough drawing intended to serve as the basis for a finished picture," 1660s, from Dutch schets or Low German skizze, both apparently 17c. artists' borrowings from Italian schizzo "sketch, drawing," which is commonly said to be from Latin *schedius (OED compares schedia "raft," schedium "an extemporaneous poem"), from or related to Greek skhedios "temporary, extemporaneous, done or made off-hand," related to skhema "form, shape, appearance" (see scheme (n.)). But according to Barnhart Italian schizzo is a special use of schizzo "a splash, squirt," from schizzare "to splash or squirt," of uncertain origin.

Extended sense of "brief account" is from 1660s; meaning "short play or performance, usually comic" is from 1789. Sketch-book recorded from 1820. German Skizze, French esquisse, Spanish esquicio are likewise from Italian schizzo.

sketch (v.)

1690s, "present the essential facts of," from sketch (n.). Meaning "draw, portray in outline and partial shading" is from 1725. Related: Sketched; sketcher; sketching.

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Definitions of sketch from WordNet
1
sketch (n.)
preliminary drawing for later elaboration;
Synonyms: study
sketch (n.)
a brief literary description;
Synonyms: vignette
sketch (n.)
short descriptive summary (of events);
Synonyms: survey / resume
sketch (n.)
a humorous or satirical drawing published in a newspaper or magazine;
Synonyms: cartoon
2
sketch (v.)
make a sketch of;
sketch the building
Synonyms: chalk out
sketch (v.)
describe roughly or briefly or give the main points or summary of;
sketch the outline of the book
Synonyms: outline / adumbrate
From wordnet.princeton.edu