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DIAMAGNETISM

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Originally appearing in Volume V08, Page 157 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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DIAMAGNETISM . Substances which, like See also:

iron, are attracted by the See also:pole of an See also:ordinary magnet are commonly spoken of as magnetic, all others being regarded as non-magnetic. It was noticed by A. C. See also:Becquerel in 1827 that a number of so-called non-magnetic bodies, such as See also:wood and See also:gum See also:lac, were influenced by a very powerful magnet, and he appears to have formed the See also:opinion that the See also:influence was of the same nature as that exerted upon iron, though much feebler, and that all See also:matter was more or less magnetic. See also:Faraday showed in 1845 (Experimental Re-searches, vol. iii.) that while practically all natural substances are indeed acted upon by a sufficiently strong magnetic pole, it is only a comparatively small number that are attracted like iron, the See also:great See also:majority being repelled. Bodies of the latter class were termed by Faraday diamagnetics. The strongest diamagnetic substance known is See also:bismuth, its susceptibility being—o•0000r4, and its See also:permeability 0.9998. The diamagnetic quality of this See also:metal can be detected by means of a See also:good permanent magnet, and its repulsion by a magnetic pole had been more than once recognized before the date of Faraday's experiments. The metals See also:gold, See also:silver, See also:copper, See also:lead, See also:zinc, See also:antimony and See also:mercury are all diamagnetic; See also:tin, See also:aluminium and See also:platinum are attracted by a very strong pole.

End of Article: DIAMAGNETISM

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