GREAT See also:

• BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

See See also:

• PLATE

1st Life Guards See also:

• SCARLET

The pantaloons are blue, except for the 11th Hussars, who wear crimson. Double stripes on the See also:

• TROUSERS

Scots—Buttons in threes, no plume, diced red and white cap-band. Irish—Buttons in fours, green plume, green cap-band. All wear in undress the white jacket, which is the old sleeved waistcoat, and peaked cap. The uniforms of the line infantry may be classed as Line, Light, See also:

• FUSILIER

In the King's Royal Rifles the scarlet piping and collar See also:

• FORM (Lat. forma)

Guards officers on ceremonial occasions wear a gold and crimson sash. On the collar and cuffs there are broad edgings of See also:

• LACE (corresponding to Ital. merletto, trina; Genoese Pizzo; Ger. spitzen; Fr. dentelle; Dutch kanten; Span. encaje; the English word owes something to the Fr. lassis or laces, but both are connected with the earlier Lat. laqueus; early French laces were

' To be replaced by a shako. Corresponding Corps and their facings in 1815. (S = See also:

• SILVER

See also:

• SOUTH
• SOUTH, ROBERT (1634–1716)

. Loyal See also:

• NORTH
• NORTH, BARONS
• NORTH, MARIANNE (1830—1890)
• NORTH, ROGER (1653-1734)
• NORTH, SIR THOMAS (1535?-16o1?)

See also:

• CANADIAN

15th, yellow (S). 16th, yellow (S). 17th, white (S). 19th, grass green. 22nd, buff yellow. 24th, grass green (S). 28th, yellow (S). 61st, yellow (S). 29th, yellow (S). 36th, gosling green. 30th, See also:

• PALE (through Fr. pal, from Lat. palms, a stake, for paglus, from the stem pag- of pangere, to fix; " pole " is from the same original source)

31st, buffs (S). loth, black. 33rd,red (S) ; 76th, red (S). 34th, yellow (S). 55th, green. 35th, See also:

• ORANGE
• ORANGE (Citrus Aurantium)
• ORANGE, HOUSE OF

40th, buff yellow. 82nd, yellow (S). 41st, red (S). 69th, green. 44th, yellow (S). 56th, See also:

• PURPLE

66th,gosling grn. (S). 50th, black (S). 97th, blue (S). See also:

• LEMON
• LEMON, MARK (1809-1870)

65th, white; 84th, yellow (S). 18th, blue. 88th, yellow (S). 94th, green. (tooth and 109th See also:

• LATE

Blue 51st, grass green Yorkshire (King's Own) . . „ (105th H.E.India See also:

• SHROPSHIRE (SALOP)

. . Dark green 7th, blue. Royal See also:

• MUNSTER
• MUNSTER, SEBASTIAN (1489-1552)

Blue . (101st and 104th Royal Scots See also:

• LOTHIAN

25th, blue. 42nd, blue; 73rd, dark green. 72nd, yellow (S). 75th, yellow; 92nd yellow (S). 79th, dark green. 91st, yellow (S). 93rd, yellow (S). Royal See also:

• ENGINEERS, MILITARY

Officers, gold belts. Royal Army Medical Corps, blue uniform with See also:

• MAGENTA

Regimental Badges.—The grenade in various forms is worn by the Royal Artillery, the Grenadier Guards and the Fusilier regiments. The figure of Britannia was awarded to the (9th) Norfolk regiment for gallantry at Almanza, 1707. The White Horse of See also:

• HANOVER
• HANOVER (Ger. Hannover)

All cavalry wear a pouch-belt over the left shoulder. The crimson infantry sash is worn by officers round the waist and by sergeants across the See also:

• BODY

Sergeants of infantry wear the sash and side-arms, the latter See also:

• PRIVILEGE

It remains to mention a few of the many regimental distinctions, trifling in themselves yet of the greatest importance as fostering regimental See also:

• PRIDE, THOMAS (d. 1658)

5) are dressed as Rifles, except that their head-dress is a round cap. The pattern of cavalry uniform, which is generally followed whatever the colours and regimental distinctions, is shown on Plate III., line 3, No. 3. In the main the dress of the native cavalry is dark blue. Five of the regiments wear red, the three See also:

• MADRAS

The artillery, engineers and army service corps are dressed as the corresponding branches of the See also:

• HOME
• HOME, DANIEL DUNGLAS (1833-1886)
• HOME, EARLS OF

With this is worn a kepi without ornaments and having the number in front. The officers wear a tunic of a different blue, almost black; otherwise, except for rank badges, it is siir.ilar to the men's; epaulettes and braid, gold. The officers' full dress kepi has a See also:

• GOLDEN

The head-dress is a red tasselled cap (chechia). The " false pockets " round which the braid circles on the front of the jacket are red for the 1st, white for the 2nd, yellow for the 3rd and blue for the 4th Zouaves. See also:

• ZOUAVE

3) wear dark blue tunics with red collars and cuff-flaps, silver ornaments and steel cuirasses, steel helmet with brass ornaments, black horsehair tail, red " shaving-See also:

• BRUSH (from Fr. brosse, which, like the English word, means both the undergrowth of a wood and the instrument; if the word in both these meanings is ultimately the same, then the origin is from a bundle of brushwood used as a brush or broom, but this is h
• BRUSH, GEORGE DE FOREST (1855– )

The trousers are red with light blue piping (two broad and one narrow light blue stripes between for officers). The full dress head-dress is a light blue shako, with dark green plume in full dress, coloured ball in other orders. The badge on the shako is a brass See also:

• BUGLE

Officers as the corresponding chasseur officers in France, but with yellow instead of red collars, &c. The native Algerian cavalry, the See also:

• SPAHIS (in Persian Sipari, meaning warriors, and synonymous with Sepoy)

Engineers, dark blue tunic with gold buttons, black red-edged collar patches bearing the number in red, black red-edged flap on cuffs ; red epaulettes, trousers and kepi as for artillery. Engineer officers have the same tunic as infantry, without facings, and the engineer badge (a See also:

• CUIRASS (Fr. cuirasse, Lat. coriaceus, made of leather, from corium, the original breastplate being of leather)

Other officers (rings on the cuff and kepi band, or strands of braid on the Austrian knot), I for sub-lieutenant, 2 for lieutenant, 3 for captain, 4 for commandant, 5 (3 gold and 2 silver) for lieutenant-colonel, 5 for colonel (Plate III., line 1, figs. and 5). Epaulettes: sub-lieutenant, T with fringe on right shoulder and 1 See also:

• SCALE
• SCALE (1) A

Service cap as in the line. For gala wear the 3rd See also:

• BATTALION

92, 145th Prussian regiment, black plumes. The Prussian and quasi-Prussian portions of the army follow a clear rule as to the badge of the army corps. The infantry of each corps has shoulder-straps of uniform colour, and when a regiment changes its corps it changes its shoulder-strap. There is a further distinguishing mark on the cuff-flap: I. H. III. IV. V. VI. VII. VIII. Shoulder-strap White White Red Red Yellow Yellow Lt. blue Lt. blue Cuff-flap pip- White Nil White Nil White Nil White Nil See also:

• ING

. . IX. X. XI. XV. XVI. XVII. XVIII. XX i Shoulder-strap White White Red Red Yellow Yellow Lt. blue Lt. blue Cuff-flap pip- Yellow Lt. blue Yellow Lt. blue Yellow Lt. blue Yellow Lt. blue ing . . Except in regiments (such as the guards of the smaller states now numbered in the line of the army, and a few others) where the blue flap and guard-stripes are worn, the greater part of the Prussian regiments wear the historic red flap; but there came a See also:

• TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
• TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
• TIME, STANDARD

" Guard " distinctions are worn by the Mecklenburg Grenadiers, No. 89, double guard-stripe on collar, blue cuff-flap with red piping and embroidery; by the 7th Prussian Grenadiers, single guard-stripe and blue flap with embroidery (edged with V. corps colour) ; by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 8th Prussian Grenadiers and by the 8oth Fusiliers ' Not yet formed. (formerly the elector of See also:

• HESSE
• HESSE (Lat. Hessia, Ger. Hessen)

The only distinguishing mark for these is the Baden device (a See also:

• GRIFFIN
• GRIFFIN [O'GRIoBTA, O'GREEVA], GERALD (1803-1840)
• GRIFFIN, GRIFFON

The line has gold buttons and appointments and " Brandenburg " cuffs, flaps edged according to the usual sequence (I. corps white, II. none, III. yellow). The service cap is light blue with red band and piping. Belts black. Jagers and Schutzen.—The See also:

• JAGER, GUSTAV (1832– )

The Swedish cuffs, edged with similar braid, are of the regimental colour, of which colour there is also a patch on the collar and piping round the shoulder-straps and back seams. In full dress white trousers, otherwise dark grey trousers with red piping, are worn. The undress tunic is dark blue of the ordinary buttoned pattern, but with braided cuffs, white shoulder-strap and collar-patch and braid as in full dress. The field cap is of the tunic colour with band of the regimental colour. The belts are white. High jack-boots are worn. The guard regiments have double guard-stripe and cuff-stripes. The Saxon heavy cavalry wears light blue braided cuirassier tunics, with brass scales instead of shoulder-straps, white piping, brass helmets with the Saxon star device, Swedish cuffs cut gauntlet-See also:

• WISE, HENRY ALEXANDER (1806-1876)
• WISE, ISAAC MAYER (1819-1900)

Facings. nic Buttons. BlFueaciTungs. G. du Corps Brass with Red Red Silver G. Cuirassiers silver eagle (or Blue Blue ,. 2 spike) Black Black t, 3 Steel with Dark red Dark red, „ 4 t, brass spike Light blue Light blue „ 5 „ „ Red Red ,, 6 „ Brass with See also:

• PINK

. . White White Crimson Crimson Scarlet Black Pink Yellow Collar edging Lt, blue Lt. blue Lt. blue Lt. blue White White White White Buttons and Goid Silver Gold Silver Gold Gold Silver Silver ornaments. The 17th and 18th (Mecklenburg) have respectively scarlet facings and gold buttons, and black facings with silver buttons. They have the double guard-stripe and cuff stripes. The 19th (Oldenburg) have the ordinary uniform with black facings and silver buttons, but white shoulder-straps. The Baden regiments (20, 21 and 22) have light blue uniforms with scarlet, yellow and black facings, light blue, light blue and red edgings, and silver buttons. They have white plumes instead of black, and the Baden device on the helmet. The Hessian regiments (23 and 24) have dark green tunics; the 23rd have double guard-stripe, cuff stripes and scarlet facings; the 24th the ordinary tunic with white facings, and both silver buttons. The Wurttembergers (25 and 26) have white and yellow facings respectively, collar edging light blue, buttons gold and silver respectively; the 25th regiment has double guard-stripe and cuff stripes, and white plume. Belts are white throughout, except in the Hessian units, which have black. The Prussian Guard Dragoons have light blue uniforms and red facings, double guard-stripes, and cuff stripes. Buttons gold in the 1st, silver in the 2nd.

White plumes. The uniforms of the eight Bavarian regiments of Chevaulegers resemble those of dragoons. They wear the black dragoon helmet and white plumes, dark green tunics, trousers and undress cap, and white belts. They also have the dragoon cuffs. But they have the double-breasted lancer tunic with front and piping of the regimental colour; crimson 1st and 2nd; pink 3rd and 6th; scarlet 4th and 5th; white 7th and 8th; the first of each pair having gold, the second silver ornaments. The Lancers (Ultimo) wear the usual lancer uniform of czapka, double-breasted tunic with plastron, and girdle. The trousers are dark grey, the plume white. The girdle is of the uniform colour edged with the facings colour. The cuff is the so-called " Polish,” a round, slightly pointed cuff with a See also:

• BUTTON (Fr. bouton, O. Fr. boton, apparently from the same root as bouter, to push)

17th, 18th and 21st (Saxon), light blue tunics and trousers, crimson facings, double guard-stripes and cuff stripes, brass scales, white piping. Czapkas white, crimson, light blue. Undress caps white. 19th and 20th (Wurttemberg). dark blue uniforms, darkgrey trousers, facings and czapkas scarlet in 19th, yellow in loth. 19th double guard-stripe and cuff stripe. Ornaments silver. 1st and 2nd Bavarian Ulans, dark green tunics and trousers, crimson facings and czapkas, white belts instead of girdles; 1st gold, 2nd silver ornaments. x 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Facing§ and Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet Scarlet piping . . White Scarlet Yellow Lt. blue White Scarlet Yellow Lt. blue Czapka and Gold Gold Gold Gold Silver Silver Silver Silver ground of scale .. . Ornaments . 9 ro rr x2 13 14 x5 rb Facings and White Crimson Yellow Lt.blue* White Crimson Yellow Lt.blue* piping . White Crimson Yellow Lt. blue White Crimson Yellow Lt. blue Czapka and Gold Gold Gold Gold Silver Silver Silver Silver ground of scale .

. Ornaments . * These two regiments have white piping. The Hussars are very richly dressed, many having the slung See also:

• PELISSE (through the Fr. from Lat. pellicia: sc. vestis, a garment made of fur, pellis, skin)

All wear a white (gold or silver officers) pouch-belt, white plumes. The undress cap is of the colour of the tunic, with various bands. Uniform. Busby -bag. Lace and Pelisse. Braid. Peli Guard Scarlet Scarlet Gold Dark blue 1 Black Red . Silver Black 2 White 3 Dull See also:

• VERMILION

The broad cuirassier braid on collar, front and cuffs is green, with white lines in the 1st, red in the 2nd, yellow 3rd, light blue 4th (the normal sequence), black 5th. The edgings of the shoulder-straps are similarly white, red, &c. The " staff orderlies " wear the same uniform, with certain deviations, in particular yellow and green braid, gold buttons, and white undress cap. The See also:

• MACHINE
• MACHINE (through Fr. from Lat. form machina of Gr. µnxavil)

All officers in undress wear plain dark grey trousers and dark grey cylindrical cloth cap, both in the line and the Jagers. Austrian. Hungarian. White or Gold or White but- Gold but- tons, silver but- brass but- White Gold tons, &c. tons, &c. tohit b Black . . . 58th 14th 38th 26th Dark brown 17th 55th 78th 68th Maroon . 7th 93rd 83rd 12th Dark red 18th 1st 53rd 52nd Amaranthated 95th 9oth - 86th See also:

• BORDEAUX

. . 97th 13th 6th 5th White . . 92nd 94th 25th — See also:

• SEA (in O. Eng. sae, a common Teutonic word; cf. Ger. See, Dutch Zee, &c.; the ultimate source is uncertain)
• SEA, COMMAND OF THE

. . Dragoons wear light blue jackets with collar and cuffs of regimental colour and narrow white or gold shoulder cord, red trousers, black crested helmets (gilded crests for officers), and slung pelisse exactly similar to the jacket except that the collar and cuffs are of black fur. The jacket is not merely an ornament, but is frequently worn, serving as a tunic. The field cap of the rank and file is red, shaped as for infantry, but without peak. Belts brown. The facings are—dark red 1st and 3rd, black 2nd and 6th, grass green 4th and 9th, imperial yellow 5th and 12th, sulphur yellow 7th and loth, scarlet 8th and I ith, madder red 13th and 14th, white 15th. Silver buttons 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, II, 13; gold 3, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15. Hussars wear dark or light blue jackets and pelisses, the former braided, the latter braided and edged with black fur. The trousers are red with gold " Austrian " knots and piping (all hussars are Hungarian) and the boots have the usual hussar braid. The head-dress is a shako with black " shaving-brush " plume. Regimental distinctions are as follows: Shako. Silver.

Gold. Shako. Silver. Gold. 1~ White 9th 3rd E White 12th 2nd t Dark blue 13th 1st o,a Light blue 7th loth Madder See also:

• ADDER

Artillery wear maroon tunics, light blue trousers, red collars, cuffs, shoulder-straps and wings, light blue cap, shako with black plume looped back. Fortress artillery have a red stripe in the trousers, technical artillery are dressed as field, but with dark grey trousers and cap and without plume. Buttons gold. On the jacket the whole collar is red. Officers wear pouch-belts as cavalry, and in undress the usual grey trousers and cap. Engineers have an infantry uniform, but in the Jager colours, grey and green. Train (A.S.C.) as artillery, but with light blue facings and red trousers with cap. Their shako has no plume. 590 The Bavarian, two Wurttemberg, one Baden and two Hessian regiments have white or black (Bavarians red) plumes, otherwise as for a " red " Prussian corps. The Mecklenburg artillery has silver buttons. The Saxon field artillery uniform is altogether different, consisting of green tunics with red collars and Swedish cuffs, gold appointments, red edgings, and black plume (horse artillery have a brass scale). Prussian and Bavarian field artillery have white belts, others black.

The foot artillery, which has white shoulder-straps, is distinguished from the field by the black Brandenburg cuff with plain blue flap (Guard Swedish cuff, guard-stripes, &c.) and by a red trouser piping. The Saxon foot artillery is distinguished from the field by the ball ornament instead of plume, and the " German " cuff. Belts black (Guard and Bavarians white). Bavarian foot artillery as Prussian, but with a spiked helmet and black cuff-flap, red-edged. The pioneers have the same uniform as artillery, but with silver buttons and appointments. The shoulder-straps are red, the helmet is spiked (Guards, black plume). The cuffs are black, red-edged, Swedish. Saxon pioneers as field artillery, but with " German " cuff. The " communication troops " wear similar uniforms with special badges, some having the Jager shako. The Train (army service corps) has dark blue dragoon uniforms with light blue facings and black plumes; Saxons, however, have light blue with black facings. Medical officers and See also:

• HOSPITAL (Lat. haspitalis, the adjective of hospes, host or guest)

Corporals and sergeants gold or silver lace on the collar and cuffs, small patches of the national colours on the collar patches of the greatcoat. Sergeants are distinguished from corporals by a button to the collar. There are numerous minor distinctions on the sword knots, lance pennons, hussar girdles, &c. Sergeant-majors have a narrow ring of lace on the cuff in addition to the broad under-officer's ring; and on the greatcoat patch two small national patches. Aspirant officers wear the uniform of their non-commissioned rank with some of the officer's distinctions. (b) Officers: The distinctive mark of the commissioned officer is the shoulder-piece (epaulette or cord). The epaulette is almost always silver and is worn as a " scale," i.e. without fringe, by captains and subalterns, with a See also:

• FINE

In all these, lines of the national colours are interwoven with the silver. Badges, See also:

• NUMBERS, BOOK OF
• NUMBERS, PARTITION OF

In marching or service dress the tunic is replaced by a hooked jacket or See also:

• BLOUSE

The collar and cuffs are red (cuffs black for general staff), buttons and lace usually gold. The trousers are dark grey, piped red (in some cases with stripes of yellow and red). The general staff wears the waist-sash; the adjutant-general's branch, aides-de-See also:

• CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

The ordinary infantry uniform was a double-breasted hooked tunic of dark green cloth, dark green trousers and cap (in full dress a round fur cap). With a few exceptions, details of facings, &c., followed well-marked rules. The number of the regiment appeared on the cap, that of the division on the shoulder-strap. The two regiments of the 1st brigade in each division wore red shoulder-straps, the two of the 2nd brigade blue. The 1st regiment had a red cap band and red collar patches, the 2nd blue, the 3rd white and the 4th green. It is not known how far this has been modified of late years. Regiments with royal colonels-in-See also:

• CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

The colour of the collars and cuffs varies according to the order of regiment within the division. The Pavlovsky regiment wears, instead of the fur cap, the old mitre-cap in brass and stiff red cloth. Rifles wear the universal pattern uniform with plain cap-band and collar and crimson shoulder-straps. The See also:

• FINLAND (Finnish, Suomi or Suomenmaa)

They wear epaulettes and the curious grenadier cap mentioned above. The Guard Dragoons are dressed as the Horse Grenadiers, but with the dragoon busby and red shoulder-straps. The Guard Lancers wear a lancer uniform resembling the German, blue with scarlet facings, lancer caps and grey-blue trousers. The top of the czapka is scarlet and yellow for the respective regiments. The See also:

• EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

As for the facings, the Don regiments have plain, and the other blue regiments crimson and yellow shoulder-straps respectively, and the green regiments have red, yellow or light blue. The head-dress is a conical lambskin cap, with cloth top, or a blue or green cap with band of the regimental colour. The Caucasusregiments, however, wear a more distinctly national uniform, consisting of a dark brown, collarless caftan, cut away below the See also:

• THROAT (O. Eng. protu, prote or }Prota, possibly from preotan, to press, whence threat, or, with loss of initial s, connected with strut, to swell)

Officers wear broad cloth (red, blue, &c.) shoulder-straps nearly covered by strips of silver or gold lace; on these appear the number or cipher and stars of rank—subalterns one, two and three, second captains four and senior captains none. In these ranks the cloth of the shoulder-strap shows in one narrow See also:

• STRIP

A white collar is worn under the coat collar by all ranks. Officers have a blue frock, with,black braid and plain cuffs. Infantry have silver buttons and (rank and file) red-edged shoulder-straps and shoulder wings, blue-grey trousers with red piping (officers, double stripe). The shako is blue with red piping (officers, silver braid), silver device and cockade; the kepi (in the rank and file pointed back and front and pressed down at the sides) is similar in colour, &c., to the men's shako. The belts are black. The Grenadier brigade alone has red collars and cuffs, all others are self-coloured (red edge to cuff). The greatcoat is light blue grey, single-breasted and unadorned except for shoulder wings. White or See also:

• HOLLAND
• HOLLAND, CHARLES (1733–1769)
• HOLLAND, COUNTY AND PROVINCE OF
• HOLLAND, HENRY FOX, 1ST BARON (1705–1774)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICH, 1ST EARL OF (1S9o-,649)
• HOLLAND, HENRY RICHARD VASSALL FOX, 3RD
• HOLLAND, JOSIAH GILBERT (1819-1881)
• HOLLAND, PHILEMON (1552-1637)
• HOLLAND, RICHARD, or RICHARD DE HOLANDE (fl. 1450)
• HOLLAND, SIR HENRY, BART

The full head-dress is a singularly handsome helmet, partly black, partly bright steel, with a tall See also:

• SWAN (A. S. swan and swan, Icel. svanr, Du. zwaart, Ger. Schwan)
• SWAN, J
• SWAN, JOHN MACALLAN (1847-1910)
• SWAN, SIR JOSEPH WILSON (1828– )

Artillery, gold buttons, dark blue trousers, with yellow piping (officers, double yellow stripe). Officers' tunics have black yellow-edged collars and cuffs, men's a black yellow-edged collar patch, and yellow edgings on the collars, shoulder-straps and cuff. The badge of the field artillery on shako, kepi and men's shoulder-straps is gold crossed guns; that of the horse and See also:

• MOUNTAIN (0. Fr. montaigne; popular Lat. montanea, an adjectival form from the classical mons, montis, whence Eng. " mount," a form usually used along with the name of an individual mountain, e.g. Mt Everest)
• MOUNTAIN, THE (La Montagne)

Peaked cap, plain See also:

• OLIVE (Olea europaea)

Medical, as infantry, but with magenta stripes, &c., and branch badge. Generals and Staff Officers.—Major-generals (and with a third star lieutenant-generals), dark blue double-breasted tunic with buttons in threes, and cuffs and collar of black velvet ornamented with oak-leaf gold embroidery, above the cuffs two silver stars; gold epaulettes and aiguillette, wide yellow waist-sash; dark blue trousers with two gold stripes: slings, and waist-belt if worn, crimson leather with gold stripes. " Chapeau " or cocked hat (French pattern) black felt with black feather edging and gold ornament; full-dress cap, universal pattern, with black velvet band, embroidered on band and peak as on full-dress cuffs. Undress: blue frock, double-breasted, with buttons in threes, " stand and fall " collar with U.S. in gold; rank marks on shoulder loops; plain dark blue trousers, universal pattern undress caps with oak-leaves on the peak only. White undress uniform is similar. Brigadier-generals, as major-generals with the following distinctions: one star on the sleeve or shoulder-See also:

• LOOP

Aides-de-camp wear a shield like the adjutant-general's but in red, white and blue See also:

• ENAMEL (formerly " amel," derived through the Fr. amail, emmll, esmail, from a Latin word smaltum, first found in a 9th-century life of Leo IV.)

Line. Crimson Crimson Crimson I See also:

• NICE

Piping. Light Horse. Red Black Red Red 11 See also:

• FOGGIA

They wear the usual light blue shoulder sash, but over the left, instead of, as in the army at large, over the right shoulder. The new service dress is blue-grey, regimental distinctions as on the officer's frock and kepi in all arms. Infantry equipment is shown on Plate IV., line 2, No. 9. The cavalry head-dress is a round grey helmet. Rank Badges.—Non-commissioned officers: Red or silver chevrons above the cuff, and small distinctions on the shako. Officers: On the shoulder-strap, 1, 2 and 3 silver stars for subalterns and captains, the same with narrow silver edging round the strap for field officers, 1, 2 or 3 gold stars on a silver shoulder-strap for general officers; on the shako, silver or gold rings round the upper part, on the kepi rings round the lower part of the cap, 1, 2 or 3 for company officers. i broader ring and 1, 2 or 3 for field officers. On the general's kepi there is a red, silver-embroidered band with 1, 2 or 3 rings above.