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See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES (JAMES See also:FRANCIS See also:EDWARD See also:STUART) (1688-1766) ,
See also:prince of See also:Wales, known to the See also:Jacobites as James III. and to the Hanoverian party as the Old Pretender, the son and See also:heir of James II. of See also:England, was See also:born in St James's See also:Palace, See also:London, on the loth of See also:June 1688. The scandalous See also:story that he was a supposititious See also:child, started and spread abroad by interested politicians at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of his See also:birth, has been completely disproved, and most contemporary writers allude to his striking See also:family likeness to the Royal Stuarts. Shortly before the See also:flight of the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king to See also:Sheerness, the See also:infant prince together with his See also:mother was sent to See also:France, and afterwards he continued to reside with his See also:father at the See also:court of St Germain. On the See also:death of his father, on the 16th of See also:September 1701, he was
immediately proclaimed king by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV. of France, but a fantastic See also:attempt to perform a similar ceremony in London so roused the anger of the populace that the See also:mock pursuivants barely escaped with their lives. A See also:bill of See also:- ATTAINDER (from the O. Fr. ataindre, ateindre, to attain, i.e. to strike, accuse, condemn; Lat. attingere, tangere, to touch; the meaning has been greatly affected by the confusion with Fr. taindre, teindre, to taint, stain, Lat. tingere, to dye)
attainder against him received the royal assent a few days before the death of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William III. in 1702, and the Princess See also:Anne, See also:half-See also:sister of the Pretender, succeeded William on the See also:throne. An influential party still, however, continued to adhere to the Jacobite cause; but an expedition from See also:Dunkirk planned in favour of James in the See also:spring of 1708 failed of success, although the See also:French See also:ships under the See also:comte de Fourbin, with James himself on See also:board, reached the See also:Firth of Forth in safety. At the See also:Peace of See also:Utrecht James withdrew from French territory to See also:Bar-le-Duc in See also:Lorraine. A See also:rebellion in the See also:Highlands of See also:Scotland was inaugurated in September 1715 by the raising of the See also:standard on the braes of See also:Mar, and by the See also:solemn See also:proclamation of James Stuart, " the See also:chevalier of St See also:George," in the midst of the assembled clans, but its progress was arrested in See also:November by the indecisive See also:battle of See also:Sheriffmuir and by the surrender at See also:Preston. Unaware of the gloomy nature of his prospects, the chevalier landed in See also:December 1715 at See also:Peterhead, and advanced as far See also:south as See also:Scone, accompanied by a small force under the See also:earl of Mar; but on learning of the approach of the See also:duke of See also:Argyll, he retreated to See also:Montrose, where the Highlanders dispersed to the mountains, and he embarked again for France. A See also:Spanish expedition sent out in his behalf in 1719, under the direction of See also:Alberoni, was scattered by a See also:tempest, only two frigates reaching the appointed See also:rendezvous in the See also:island of See also:Lewis.
In 1718 James had become affianced to the See also:young princess Maria Clementina Sobieski, See also:grand-daughter of the See also:warrior king of See also:Poland, See also:John Sobieski. The intended See also:marriage was forbidden by the See also:emperor, who in consequence kept the princess and her mother in See also:honourable confinement at See also:Innsbruck in See also:Tirol. An attempt to abduct the princess by means of a ruse contrived by a zealous Jacobite See also:gentleman, See also:Charles Wogan, proved successful; Clementina reached See also:Italy in safety, and she and James were ultimately married at See also:Montefiascone on the 1st of September 1719. James and Clementina were now invited to reside in See also:Rome at the See also:special See also:request of See also:Pope See also:Clement XI., who openly acknowledged their titles of See also:British King and See also:Queen, gave them a papal guard of troops, presented them with a See also:villa at Albano and a palace (the Palazzo Muti in the Piazza dei Santi Apostoli) in the See also:city, and also made them an See also:annual See also:allowance of 12,000 crowns out of the papal See also:treasury. At the Palazzo Muti, which remained the See also:chief centre of Jacobite intriguing, were born James's two sons, Charles Edward (the Young Pretender) and See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Benedict Stuart. James's married See also:life proved turbulent and unhappy, a circumstance that was principally due to the hot See also:temper and jealous nature of Clementina, who soon after Henry's birth in 1725 See also:left her See also:husband and spent over two years in a See also:Roman See also:convent. At length a reconciliation was effected, which Clementina did not See also:long survive, for she died at the See also:early See also:age of 32 in See also:February 1735. Full See also:regal honours were paid to the Stuart queen at her funeral, and the splendid but tasteless See also:monument by Pietro Bracchi (170o-1773) in St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's was erected to her memory by See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order of Pope Benedict XIV.
His wife's death seems to have affected James's See also:health and See also:spirits greatly, and he now began to grow feeble and indifferent, so that the See also:political adherents of the Stuarts were gradually led to See also:fix their hopes upon the two young princes rather than upon their father. Travellers to Rome at this See also:period See also:note that James appeared seldom in public, and that much of his time was given up to religious exercises; he was devot a l'exces, so Charles de See also:Brosses, an unprejudiced Frenchman, informs us. It was with See also:great reluctance that James allowed his See also:elder son to leave Italy for France in 1744; nevertheless in the following See also:year, he permitted Henry to follow his See also:brother's example, but with the See also:news of See also:Culloden he evidently came to regard his cause as definitely lost. The estrangement from his elder and favourite son, which arose over Henry's See also:adoption of an ecclesiastical career, so embittered his last years that he sank into a moping invalid and rarely left his chamber. With the crushing failure of the
"See also:Forty-five " and his See also:quarrel with his heir, the once-dreaded James soon became a See also:mere See also:cipher in British politics, and his death at Rome on the 2nd of See also:January 1766 passed almost unnoticed in London. He was buried with regal pomp in St Peter's, where See also:Canova's famous monument, erected by See also:Pius VII. in 1819, commemorates him and his two sons. As to James's See also:personal See also:character, there is abundant See also:evidence to show that he was See also:grave, high-principled, industrious, abstemious and dignified, and that the unflattering portrait See also:drawn of him by See also:Thackeray in Esmond is utterly at variance with See also:historical facts. Although a fervent Roman See also:Catholic, he was far more reasonable and liberal in his religious views than his father, as many extant letters testify.
See Earl See also:Stanhope, See also:History of England and Decline of the Last Stuarts (1853); See also:Calendar of the Stuart Papers at See also:Windsor See also:Castle;
H. See also:Jesse, Memories of the Pretenders and their Adherents (1845); Dr John See also:Doran, " See also:Mann" and See also:Manners at the Court of See also:Florence (1876); Relazione della morte di Giacomo III., Re d'Inghilterra; and Charles de Brosses, Lettres sur l'Italie (1885). (H.
End of Article: JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
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