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See also:JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540) , See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Hungary, was the son of the See also:palatine See also:Stephen Zapolya and the princess Hedwig of See also:Teschen, and was See also:born at the See also:castle of Szepesvar. He began his public career at the famous Rakos See also:diet of 1505, when, on his See also:motion, the See also:assembly decided that after the See also:death of the reigning king, See also:Wladislaus II., no See also:foreign See also:prince should be elected king of Hungary. Henceforth he became the See also:national See also:candidate for the See also:throne, which his See also:family had See also:long coveted. As far back as 1491 his See also:mother had proposed to the sick king that his daughter See also:Anne should be cqmmitted to her care in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order, subsequently, to be married to her son; but Wladislaus frustrated this project by contracting a matrimonial See also:alliance with the Habsburgs. In 1510 Zapolya sued in See also:person for the See also:hand of the Princess Anne in vain, and his See also:appointment to the voivody of Transylvania (1511) was with the evident intention of removing him far from See also:court. In 1513, after a successful See also:raid in See also:Turkish territory, he hastened to Buda at the See also:head of See also:rood horsemen and renewed his suit, which was again rejected. In 1514 he stamped out the dangerous See also:peasant rising under See also:Dozsa (q.v.) and the infernal torments by means of which the See also:rebel See also:leader was slowly done to death were the invention of Zapolya. With the gentry, whose hideous oppression had moved the peasantry to revolt, he was now more than ever popular, and, on the death of Wladislaus II., the second diet of Rakos (1516) appointed him the See also:governor of the See also:infant king See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis II. He now aimed at the dignity of palatine also, but the See also:council of See also:state and the court party combined against him and appointed Istvan See also:Bathory instead (1519). The strife of factions now burnt more fiercely than ever at the very See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time when the pressure of the Turk demanded the See also:combination of all the national forces against a See also:common danger. It was entirely due to the dilatoriness and dissensions of Zapolya and Bathory that the See also:great fortress of See also:Belgrade was captured in 1521, a loss which really sealed the See also:fate of Hungary. In 1522 the diet would have appointed both Zapolya and Bathory captains-See also:general of the See also:realm, but the court set Zapolya aside and See also:chose Bathory only. At the diets of Hatvan and Rakos in 1522, Zapolya placed himself at the head of a See also:confederation to depose the palatine and the other great See also:officers of state, but the See also:attempt failed. In the following See also:year, however, the revolutionary Hatvan diet drove out all the members of the council of state and made Istvan See also:Verboczy, the great jurist, and a friend of Zapolya, palatine. In the midst of this hopeless anarchy, See also:Suleiman I., the Magnificent, invaded Hungary with a countless See also:army, and the See also:young king perished on the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field of See also:Mohacs in a vain attempt to stay his progress, the contradictory orders of Louis II. preventing Zapolya from arriving in time to turn the fortunes of the See also:day. The court party accused him of deliberate treachery on this occasion; but the See also:charge must be pronounced groundless. His younger See also:brother See also:George was killed at Mohacs, where he was second See also:commander-in-See also:chief. Zapolya was elected king of Hungary at the subsequent diet of See also:Tokaj (Oct. 14), the See also:election was confirmed by the diet of See also:Szekesfehervar (loth of See also:November), and he was crowned on the following day with the See also:holy See also:crown.
A struggle with the See also:rival candidate, the See also:German king See also:Ferdinand I., at once ensued (see HUNGARY: See also:History) and it was only with the aid of the See also:Turks that king John was able to exhaust his opponent and compel him to come to terms. Finally, in 1538, by the compact of Nagyvarad, Ferdinand recognized John as king of Hungary, but secured the right of See also:succession on his death. Nevertheless John See also:broke the compact by bequeathing the See also:kingdom to his infant son John See also:Sigismund under Turkish See also:protection. John was the last national king of Hungary. His merit, as a statesman, lies in his stout vindication of the national See also:independence, though without the assistance of his great See also:minister Gyorgy titiesenovich, better known as " See also:Frater George " (See also:Cardinal See also:Martinuzzi q.v.), this would have been impossible. Indirectlyhe contributed to the subsequent See also:conquest of Hungary by admitting the Turk as a friend.
See Vilmos Fraknoi, Ungarn vor der Schlacht bei Mohacs (Buda-pest, 1886) ; L. Kupelwieser, See also:Die Kampfe Ungarns mit den Osmanen bis zur Schlacht bei Mohacs (See also:Vienna, 1895) ; Ignacz Acsady, History of the Hungarian Realm, vol. i. (Hung.) (See also:Budapest, 1902-1904).
End of Article: JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
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