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See also:STATE, See also:GREAT See also:OFFICERS OF , a designation popularly applied to all the See also:principal ministers of the See also:British See also:Crown, but
See also:xxv. 26strictly applicable only to the See also:lord high steward, the lord high See also:chancellor, the lord high treasurer, the lord-See also:president of the (privy) See also:council, the lord (keeper of the) privy See also:seal, the lord great See also:- CHAMBERLAIN (0. Fr. chamberlain, chamberlenc, Mod. Fr. chambellan, from O. H. Ger. Chamarling, Chamarlinc, whence also the Med. Lat. cambellanus, camerlingus, camerlengus; Ital. camerlingo; Span. camerlengo, compounded of 0. H. Ger. Chamara, Kamara [Lat.
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSEPH (1836— )
- CHAMBERLAIN, JOSHUA LAWRENCE (1828– )
- CHAMBERLAIN, SIR NEVILLE BOWLES (1820-1902)
chamberlain, the lord high See also:- CONSTABLE (0. Fr. connestable, Fr. connetable, Med. Lat. comestabilis, conestabilis, constabularius, from the Lat. comes stabuli, count of the stable)
- CONSTABLE, ARCHIBALD (1774-1827)
- CONSTABLE, HENRY (1562-1613)
- CONSTABLE, JOHN (1776-1837)
- CONSTABLE, SIR MARMADUKE (c. 1455-1518)
constable, the See also:earl See also:marshal, and the lord high See also:admiral. Of these, three—the lord chancellor, the lord-president of the council, and the lord privy seal—the first and second are always, and the third almost always, See also:cabinet ministers. The offices of two more—those of the lord treasurer and the high admiral—are now executed by See also:commission, the See also:chief of the lords commissioners, known severally as the first lord of the See also:treasury and the first lord of the See also:admiralty, being likewise members of the cabinet, while the first lord of the treasury is usually at the See also:head of the See also:government. But, although it has become the See also:rule for the treasury and the admiralty to be put in commission, there is nothing except usage of longer or shorter duration to prevent the Crown from making a See also:personal See also:appointment to either of them, and the functions which formerly appertained to the lord treasurer and the high admiral are still regularly performed in the established course of the See also:national See also:administration. The four offices of the high steward, the great chamberlain, the high constable, and the earl marshal stand on a different footing, and can be regarded at the See also:present See also:day as little else than survivals from an earlier See also:condition of society. They have practically ceased to have any relation to the See also:ordinary routine of business in the See also:country or of ceremonial in the See also:palace, and the duties associated with them have either passed entirely into See also:abeyance or are restricted within extremely narrow limits, See also:save on certain occasions of exceptional pomp and solemnity. All of them were once hereditary, and, taking the three kingdoms together, they or their counterparts and equivalents continue to be held by right of See also:inheritance in one or other of them even now. These and the more important See also:foreign great offices of state are all dealt with under their proper headings, and other See also:information will be found in the articles CABINET, See also:MINISTRY, PRIVY COUNCIL, TREASURY, and See also:HOUSEHOLD, ROYAL.
On the subject of the great offices of state generally, see See also:Stubbs,
Constitutional See also:History, ch. xi.; See also:Freeman, See also:Norman See also:Conquest, ch. See also:xxiv. ; See also:Gneist, Constitution of See also:England, ch. xvi., xxv. and liv. ; also See also:Gibbon, Decline and Fall, ch. liii., and See also:Bryce, See also:Holy See also:Roman See also:Empire, ch. xiv.
End of Article: STATE, GREAT OFFICERS OF
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