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MINISTRY

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 545 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MINISTRY , the See also:

office of a See also:minister (q.v.), in all its meanings, See also:political and religious, or the See also:body of persons holding such an office and performing its duties; more particularly the body ofpersons who, in theory the servants at the See also:head of the See also:state, See also:act as the responsible executive over the whole See also:sphere of See also:government, as in the See also:United See also:Kingdom. On the See also:continent of See also:Europe, on the other See also:hand, the word " ministry " is most usually applied to the responsible head of a particular See also:department together with his subordinates, including the permanent officials or See also:staff. In See also:England, ever since the introduction of monarchical institutions the See also:sovereign has always been surrounded by a select body of confidential advisers to assist the See also:crown in the government of the See also:country. At no See also:period could a See also:king of England act, according to See also:law, without See also:advice in the public concerns of the kingdom; the institutions of the crown of England and the institution of the privy See also:council are coeval. At the See also:Norman See also:Conquest the king's council, or as it is now called, the privy council, was composed of certain members of the See also:aristocracy and See also:great See also:officers of state, specially summoned by the crown, with whom the sovereign usually advised in matters of state and government. In the earlier stages of See also:English constitutional See also:history the king's councillors, as confidential servants of the monarch, were See also:present at every See also:meeting of See also:parliament in See also:order to advise upon matters judicial in the See also:House of Lords; but in the reign of See also:Richard II. the privy council dissolved its judicial connexion with the peers and assumed an See also:independent See also:jurisdiction of its own. It was in the reign of See also:Henry VI. that the king's council first assumed the name of privy council, and it was also during the minority of this sovereign that a select council gradually emerged from the larger body of the privy council, which ultimately became the See also:modern See also:cabinet. Since the Revolution of 1688, and the development of See also:parliamentary government, the privy council has dwindled into See also:comparative insignificance. The, See also:power once swayed by the privy council is now exercised by that unrecognized select See also:committee of the council known as the cabinet (q.v.). The practice of consulting a few confidential advisers instead of the whole privy council had been resorted to by English monarchs from a very See also:early period; but the first mention of the See also:term cabinet council in contradistinction to privy council occurs in the reign of See also:Charles I., when the See also:burden of state affairs was entrusted to the committee of state which See also:Clarendon says was enviously called the cabinet counciL" At first government by cabinet was as unpopular as it was irregular. Until the formation of the first parliamentary ministry by See also:William III. the ministers of the king occupied no recognized position in the House of See also:Commons; it was indeed a See also:moot point whether they were entitled to sit at all in the See also:lower chamber, and they were seldom of one mind in the See also:administration of matters of importance. Before the Revolution of 1688 there were ministers, but no ministry in the modern sense of the word; colleague schemed against colleague in the council chamber, and it was no uncommon thing to see ministers opposing one another in parliament upon See also:measures that in modern times would be supported by a united cabinet.

As the See also:

change from government by See also:prerogative to government by parliament, consequent upon the Revolution of 1688, See also:developed, and the House of Commons became more and more the centre and force of the state, the See also:advantage of having ministers in the legislature to explain and defend the measures and policy of the executive government began. to be appreciated. The public authority of the crown being only exercised through the See also:medium of ministers, it became absolutely necessary that the advisers of the sovereign, who were responsible for every public act of the Crown as well as for the See also:general policy they had been called upon to administer, should have seats in both Houses of Parliament. Still nearly a See also:century had to elapse before political unanimity in the cabinet was recognized as a political See also:maxim. From the first parliamentary ministry of William III. until the rise of the second See also:Pitt, divisions in the cabinet were constantly occurring, and a See also:prime minister had more to fear from the intrigues of his own colleagues than from the See also:tactics of the opposition. In 1812 an See also:attempt was made to See also:form, a ministry consisting of men of opposite political principles, who were invited to accept office, not avowedly as a See also:coalition government, but with an offer to the Whig leaders that their See also:friends should be allowed a See also:majority of one in the cabinet. This offer was declined on the plea that to construct a cabinet on " a See also:system of counteraction was inconsistent with the See also:prosecution of any See also:uniform and beneficial course of policy." From that date it has been an established principle that all cabinets are to be formed on some basis of political See also:union agreed upon by the members when they accept office together. It is now also distinctly understood that the members of a cabinet are jointly and severally responsible for each other's acts, and that any attempt to distinguish between a particular minister and his colleagues in such matters is unconstitutional. During the 19th century the power of ministers was greatly extended, and their duties became more distinctly marked out. As now interpreted, the leading principles of the See also:British constitution are the See also:personal irresponsibility of the sovereign, the responsibility of ministers, and the inquisitorial and controlling power of parliament. At the head of affairs is the prime minister (q.v.), whose duties are more general than departmental; and the other members of the administration, whose See also:work is exemplified by the titles of their offices (the more important of which are treated separately), are the See also:lord high See also:chancellor, the lord See also:president of the council, the lord privy See also:seal, the first lord of the See also:treasury, the five secretaries of state (See also:home, See also:foreign affairs, colonies, See also:war, See also:India), the chancellor of the See also:exchequer, the secretary for See also:Scot-See also:land, the See also:chief secretary to the lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland, the postmaster-general, the presidents of the See also:board of See also:trade, the See also:local government board, the board of See also:agriculture and the board of See also:education (all of which were originally committees of the privy council), the chancellor of the duchy of See also:Lancaster and the first lord of the See also:admiralty. These are the more important members of the administration, and they are generally in the cabinet. The subordinate members of the administration, some of whom are occasionally invited to join the cabinet, while others are never in it, are the parliamentary and See also:financial secretary to the admiralty, the parliamentary under-secretaries of the home, foreign, war, colonial and India offices, the board of trade, local government and board of education, the junior lords of the treasury (assistant " whips "), the financial secretary and patronage secretary to the treasury (the See also:senior " See also:whip "), the first See also:commissioner of See also:works, the paymaster-general, and the See also:attorney-general and See also:solicitor-general.

There are in addition the lord See also:

advocate and the solicitor-general for See also:Scotland, the lord-lieutenant and lord chancellor of Ireland (who are sometimes members of the cabinet), and the attorney-general and solicitor-general for Ireland. TREASURY [The See also:title was at first lord treasurer, except when the treasury was put in See also:commission. Ultimately See also:special See also:rank was given to one of the commissioners as first lord of the treasury. From the See also:time of the See also:earl of See also:Essex (1679) the name given is that of the first lords, with the exception of the three printed in italics. In modern times the first lord of the treasury has usually, but not invariably, been the head of the government or prime minister. A See also:list of the Prime Ministers is given in the See also:article PRIME MINISTER. 1603. Lord Buckhurst, cr. Earl of See also:Dorset 1604. 16o8. Earl of See also:Salisbury. 1612.

Earl of See also:

Northampton and others. (Commissioners.) 1614. Earl of See also:Suffolk. 1618. See also:Archbishop See also:Abbot and others. (Commissioners.) 162o. See also:Sir H. See also:Montagu, cr. Vis- See also:count See also:Mandeville 162o. 1621. Lord Cranfield, cr. Earl of See also:Middlesex 1622.

1624. Sir J. Ley, cr. Lord Ley 1625, and Earl of See also:

Marl-See also:borough 1626. 1628. Lord See also:Weston, cr. Earl of See also:Portland 1633. 1635. Archbishop See also:Laud and others. (Commissioners.) 1636. W. See also:Juxon, See also:Bishop of Lon- See also:don.

1641. Sir E. See also:

Littleton and others. (Commissioners.) 1643. Lord See also:Cottington. 1649. See also:Interregnum. 166o. Sir E. See also:Hyde and others. (Commissioners.) 166o. Earl of See also:Southampton.

1667. See also:

Duke of See also:Albemarle and others. (Commissioners.) 1672. Lord See also:Clifford. 1673. See also:Viscount See also:Dunblane, cr. Earl of See also:Danby 1674. 1679. Earl of Essex. 1679. Lord Hyde, cr. Earl of See also:Rochester 1682.

1684. Lord See also:

Godolphin. 1687. Lord Bellasyse. 1689. Earl of See also:Monmouth. 169o. Viscount See also:Lonsdale. 169o. Lord Godolphin. 1697. C.

Montagu, cr. Earl of See also:

Halifax 1700. 1699. Earl of Tankerville. 1700. Lord Godolphin. 1701. Earl of See also:Carlisle. 1702. Lord Godolphin. 1710. Earl Poulett.

Earl of See also:

Oxford. Duke of See also:Shrewsbury. Earl of Halifax. Earl of Carlisle. Sir R. See also:Walpole. Lord See also:Stanhope. Earl of See also:Sunderland. Sir R. Walpole. Earl of See also:Wilmington. H.

See also:

Pelham. Duke of See also:Newcastle. Duke of See also:Devonshire. Duke of Newcastle. Earl of See also:Bute. G. See also:Grenville. See also:Marquess of See also:Rockingham. Duke of See also:Grafton. Lord See also:North. Marquess of Rockingham. Earl of Shelburne.

Duke of Portland. W. Pitt. H. Addington. W. Pitt. Lord Grenville. Duke of Portland. S. See also:

Perceval. Earl of See also:Liverpool.

G. See also:

Canning. Viscount Goderich. Duke of See also:Wellington. Earl See also:Grey. Viscount See also:Melbourne. Sir R. See also:Peel. 1603. Sir T. See also:Egerton, L.K., cr. Lord See also:Ellesmere 1603, and Viscount See also:Brackley 1616.

1617. Sir F. See also:

Bacon, L.K., cr. Lord Verulam 1618, and Viscount St Albans 162I. 1621. J. See also:Williams, Bishop of See also:Lincoln, L.K. 1625. Sir T. See also:Coventry, L.K., cr. Lord Coventry 1628. 164o.

Sir J. See also:

Finch, L.K., cr. Lord Finch 164o. 1641. Sir E. Littleton, L.K., cr. Lord See also:Lyttelton 1641. 1645. Sir R. See also:Lane, L.K. 1649. Interregnum.

166o. Sir E. Hyde, C., cr. Lord Hyde 1660, and Earl of Clarendon 1661. 1667. Sir O. Bridgeman, L.K. 1672. Earl of See also:

Shaftesbury, C. 1673. Sir H. Finch, L.K., cr.

Lord Finch 1674, C. 1675, cr. Earl of See also:

Nottingham 1681. 1682. Sir F. North, L.K., cr. Lord See also:Guilford 1683. 1685. Lord See also:Jeffreys, C. 169o. Sir J. See also:Maynard and others.

(Commissioners.) 169o. Sir J. Trevor and others. (Commissioners.) 1693. Sir J. See also:

Somers, L.K., C., cr. Lord Somers 1697. 1700. Sir N. See also:Wright, L.K. 1705. W.

See also:

Cowper, L.K., cr. Lord Cowper 1706, C. 1707. 1710. Sir T. Trevor and others. (Commissioners). 171o. Sir S. See also:Harcourt, L.K., cr. Lord Harcourt 1711, C. 1714.

Lord Cowper, C. 1718. Sir R. See also:

Tracy and others. (Commissioners.) 1718. Lord See also:Parker, C., cr. Earl of See also:Macclesfield 1721. 1725. Sir J. Jekyll and others. (Commissioners.) Lord King, C. Lord See also:Talbot of Hensol, C.

Lord See also:

Hardwicke, C., cr. Earl of Hardwicke 1754. 543 1835. Viscount Melbourne. 1841. Sir R. Peel. 1846. Lord J. See also:Russell, cr. Earl Russell 1861. 1852.

Earl of See also:

Derby. 1852. Earl of See also:Aberdeen. 1855. Viscount See also:Palmerston. 1858. Earl of Derby. 1859. Viscount Palmerston. 1865. Earl Russell. 1866.

Earl of Derby. 1868. B. Disraeli. 1868. W. E. See also:

Gladstone. 1874. B. Disraeli, cr. Earl of See also:Beaconsfield 1876.

1880. W. E. Gladstone. 1885. Sir See also:

Stafford See also:Northcote, cr. Earl of See also:Iddesleigh 1885 (prime minister,Marquess of Salisbury). 1886. W. E. Gladstone. 1886.

Marquess of Salisbury. 1887. W. H. See also:

Smith (prime minis- ter, Lord Salisbury). 1891. A. J. See also:Balfour (prime minis- ter, Lord Salisbury). 1892. W. E.

Gladstone. 1894. Earl of See also:

Rosebery. 1895. A J. Balfour (prime minis-ter, Lord Salisbury till 1902). 1905. Sir H. See also:Campbell-Bannerman. 1908. H. H.

See also:

Asquith. (C.) OR LORD KEEPERS (L.K.) 1756. Sir J. Willes and others. (Commissioners.) 1757. Sir R. See also:Henley, L.K., cr. Lord Henley and C. 176o, Earl of See also:Northington 1764. 1766. Lord See also:Camden, C. 1770.

Charles See also:

Yorke, C. 1770. Sir S. S. Smythe and others. (Commissioners.) 1771. Lord Apsley, C., succeeded as Earl See also:Bathurst 1775. 1778. Lord See also:Thurlow, C. 1783. Lord See also:Loughborough and others. (Commissioners.) 1783.

Lord Thurlow, C. 1792. Sir J. See also:

Eyre and others. (Commissioners.) 1793. Lord Loughborough, C., cr. Earl of See also:Rosslyn 1801. 18o1. Lord See also:Eldon, C. 18o6. Lord See also:Erskine, C. 1807.

Lord Eldon, C. 1827. Lord See also:

Lyndhurst, C. 183o. Lord See also:Brougham, C. 1834. Lord Lyndhurst, C. 1835. Sir C. C. See also:Pepys and others. (Commissioners.) 1836.

Lord See also:

Cottenham, C. 1841. Lord Lyndhurst, C. 1846. Lord Cottenham, C. 185o. Lord Langdale and others. (Commissioners.) 185o. Lord See also:Truro, C. 1852. Lord St Leonards, C. 1852.

Lord See also:

Cranworth, C. 1858. Lord See also:Chelmsford, C. 18J9. Lord Campbell, C. 18161. Lord See also:Westbury, C. 1865. Lord Cranworth, C. 1866. Lord Chelmsford, C. 1868.

Lord See also:

Cairns, C. 1868. Lord See also:Hatherley, C. 1872. Lord See also:Selborne, C. 1874. Lord Cairns, C., cr. Earl Cairns 1878. 1880. Lord Selborne, C., cr. Earl of Selborne 1882. 1885.

Lord See also:

Halsbury, C. 1886. Lord See also:Herschell, C. 1886. Lord Halsbury, C. 1892. Lord Herschell, C. 1895. Lord Halsbury, C., cr. Earl of Halsbury 1898. 1905. Lord Loreburn, C.

1711. 1714. 1714. 1715. 1715. 1717. 1718. 1721. 1742. 1743. 1754. 1756.

1757. 1762. 1763. 1765. 1766. 1770. 1782. 1782. 1783. 1783. 18o, . 1804.

18o6. 1807. 1807. 1812. 1827. 1827. 1828. 183o. 1834. 1834. 1725. 1733.

1737. [The substitution of two secretaries for one was the consequence of the increase of ;business. There was no distinction of departments, each secretary taking whatever work the king saw See also:

fit to entrust him with During the reigns of the first two Stuarts, however, there was a tendency to entrust one secretary with the See also:correspondence with See also:Protestant states and their See also:allies, and the other with the correspondence with See also:Catholic states. Probably in the reign of Charles II., and certainly as early as 1691, two departments, the See also:Northern and the See also:Southern, were instituted. In 1782 the departments were changed to Home and Foreign. A third secretary of state was appointed in 1794, and he was called the Secretary for War and the Colonies from 18o1 to 18J4, when the work was divided, and the War and Colonial Secretaryships were instituted. The Secretary of State for 1717. Earl of Sunderland. J. See also:Addison. 1718. Earl Stanhope.

J. See also:

Craggs. 1721. Viscount See also:Townshend. Lord See also:Carteret. 1724. Duke of Newcastle. 1730. Lord See also:Harrington. 1742. Lord Carteret, became Sir T. See also:Lake.

Earl See also:

Granville 1744. 1744. Earl of Harrington. Sir G. See also:Calvert. 1746. Earl Granville. 1746. Earl of Harrington. 1746. Earl of See also:Chesterfield. Sir A.

See also:

Morton. 1748. Duke of See also:Bedford. Sir J. See also:Coke. 1751. Earl of Holderness. 1754. Sir T. See also:Robinson, Cr. See also:Baron See also:Grantham 1761 Sir H. See also:Vane.

1755. H. See also:

Fox. 1756. W. Pitt. Viscount See also:Falkland. 1761. Earl of Bute. Lord See also:Digby. 1761. . .

Earl of See also:

Egremont. 1762. G. Grenville. Sir W. Morrice. 1763. Earl of Halifax. Earl of See also:Sandwich. 1765. Duke of Grafton. H.

S. See also:

Conway. 1766. Duke of See also:Richmond. Sir J. Trevor. 1766. Earl of Shelburne. Henry Coventry 1768. Viscount See also:Weymouth. 1768. Earl of Hillsborough, Colo- nies.

Sir L. See also:

Jenkins. 1768. Earl of See also:Rochford. 1770. Earl of Sandwich. 1771. Earl of Halifax. S. Godolphin. 1771. Earl of Suffolk.

Earl of See also:

Middleton. 1772. Earl of See also:Dartmouth, Colonies. Viscount See also:Preston. 1175. Viscount Weymouth, Cr. Earl of Nottingham. Marquess of See also:Bath 1789. 1776. Lord G. S. Germaine, Colo- nies.

Earl of Shrewsbury. 1779. Viscount Stormont. 1779. Earl of Hillsborough, Cr. Marquess of See also:

Downshire 1789 Earl of See also:Jersey. 1782. W. See also:Ellis, Cr. Baron Mendip, Earl of See also:Manchester. 1794, Colonies. Earl of Nottingham.

R. Harley, cr. Earl of Oxford 1711 Home Department. Foreign Department. 1782. Earl of Shelburne. C. J. Fox. [1783 H. See also:

Boyle, cr. Baron See also:Carleton 1782.

Lord Grantham. T. Townshend, Cr. Baron See also:

Sydney 1714- 1783. Lord North. . C. J. Fox. H. St. See also:John, Cr. Viscount Boling- 1783.

Marquess of See also:

Carmarthen. Earl See also:Temple. See also:broke 1712. 1783. . . Lord Sydney. 1789. W. W. Grenville, Cr. Baron Viscount Townshend. Grenville 1790.

1791. H. Dundas. . Lord Grenville. 1794. Home Department. I Foreign Department. War and Colonial Department. Duke of Portland . Lord Grenville H.Dundas, Cr. Visct.Melville18o2. 1801.

Lord Pelham, aft. Earl of See also:

Chichester Lord Hawkesbury Lord See also:Hobart, aft. Earl of 1803. C. P. Yorke See also:Buckinghamshire. 1804. Lord Hawkesbury Lord See also:Harrowby . Earl Camden. 1805. Lord See also:Mulgrave Viscount Castlereagh. 18o6.

Earl See also:

Spencer C. J Fox . W. See also:Windham. 1807. Lord Pawkesbury, aft. Earl of Liverpool G. Canning . Viscount Castlereagh. 1809. R. See also:Ryder .

Earl Bathurst 1809. Marquess See also:

Wellesley 1812. Viscount See also:Sidmouth (H. Addington) Viscount Castlereagh, aft. Marquess of Earl Bathurst. 1822. R. Peel G. Canning [See also:Londonderry 1827. W. S. See also:Bourne .

Earl of See also:

Dudley Viscount Goderich. 1827. Marquess of See also:Lansdowne . . W. See also:Huskisson. 1828. R. Peel Earl of Aberdeen . Sir G. See also:Murray. [See also:Ripon. 183o.

Viscount Melbourne . . Viscount Palmerston . Viscount Goderich, aft. Earl of 1833. . . E. G. S. See also:

Stanley,aft.Lord Stanley 1834. Viscount Duncannon,aft.Earl of See also:Bessborough and Earl of Derby. T. See also:Spring-See also:Rice, aft.

Lord Mont- 1834. H. See also:

Goulburn Duke of Wellington Earl of Aberdeen. [See also:eagle. 1835. Lord J. Russell . Viscount Palmerston . Lord See also:Glenelg. 1839. Marquess of See also:Normanby. 1839.

Marquess of Normanby Lord J. Russell. 1841. Sir J. See also:

Graham, See also:Bart. Earl of Aberdeen Lord Stanley. 1845. W. E. Gladstone. 1846. Sir G.

Grey Viscount Palmerston . Earl Grey. [See also:

Hampton. 1852. Spencer H. Walpole . . . Earl of See also:Malmesbury . Sir J. S. See also:Pakington, aft. Lord 1852.

Viscount Palmerston . Lord J. Russell . . Duke of Newcastle. India was appointed in 1858.] 1603. Sir R. See also:

Cecil, cr. Lord Cecil 1603, Viscount Cranborne 1604, Earl of Salisbury 1605 `1612. Vacant. 1614. Sir R. Winwood.

1615. . 1618. Sir R. See also:

Naunton. 1619. . 1623. Sir E. Conway, Cr. Lcrd Conway 1625. 1625. 1625. 1628.

Viscount See also:

Dorchester. 1632. Sir F. See also:Windebank. 164o. 1641. Sir E. See also:Nicholas. 1642. 1643. 1643. Interregnum.

166o. Sir E. Nicholas. . 1662. Sir H. Bennet, Cr. Earl of See also:

Arlington 1665. 1668. . 1672. . 1674. Sir J. See also:Williamson.

1678. Earl of Sunderland. 1680. . 1681. Lord Conway. 1683. Earl of Sunderland. 1684. . 1684. 1688. 1689. Earl of Shrewsbury.

169o. Viscount See also:

Sidney. 1692. Sir J. See also:Trenchard. 1694. 1695. Sir W. See also:Trumbull. 1697. J. See also:Vernon.

1700. Sir C. Hedges. 1701. 1702. 1704. 1706. Earl of Sunderland. 1708. 1710. Lord Dartmouth, Cr. Earl of Dartmouth 1711.

W. See also:

Bromley. J. Stanhope, Cr. Earl Stan-See also:hope 1718 1713. 1714. . . 1855. Home Department. Foreign Department. Colonial Department. War Department.

1855. Sir G. Grey Earl of Clarendon Sidney See also:

Herbert . Lord Panmure. Earl of Malmesbury . Lord J. Russell. [See also:Taunton See also:Jonathan Peel. H. Labouchere, aft. Lord Lord Stanley 1855. S.

H. Walpole 1858. 1858. Home Department. Foreign Department. Colonial Department. War Department. India Department. 1859. S. H. Walpole Earl of Malmesbury .

Sir E. G. E. L. Bulwer Jonathan Peel Lord Stanley. 1859. T. H. S. Sotheron- Lord J. Russell, Cr. Earl S.

Herbert, Cr. Lord Sir C.See also:

Wood,cr. Viscount 1861. See also:Estcourt. Russell 1861 Herbert of See also:Lea 1861 Halifax 1866. 1863. Sir G. Cornewall . Sir G. C. See also:Lewis. Viscount Cranborne.

1864. Lewis Earl of Clarendon. Earl de Grey and Ripon, Sir S. H. Northcote, Cr. 1865. Sir G. Grey Lord Stanley, aft. Earl aft. Marquess of Ripon Earl of Iddesleigh 1885 1866. . of Derby Jonathan Peel Duke of See also:

Argyll. 1867.

S. H. Walpole . Earl of Clarendon Sir J. S. Pakington, aft. Marquess of Salisbury. 1868. H. A. See also:

Bruce, Cr, Earl Granville Baron Hampton G. See also:Hardy, Cr.

Viscount 1870. Baron See also:

Aberdare Earl of Derby E. See also:Cardwell, Cr. Vis- See also:Cranbrook 1878. 1874. .1873 Marquess of Salisbury count Cardwell 1874 Marquess of Hartington. 1878. Sir R. A. See also:Cross Earl Granville G. Hardy Earl of See also:Kimberley. 1880.

Sir W. Vernon Har- Marquess of Salisbury. F. A. Stanley Lord R. See also:

Churchill. 1882. See also:court Earl of Rosebery. H. C. E. See also:Childers Earl of Kimberley. 1885.

Sir R. A. Cross, cr. Earl of Iddesleigh Marquess of Hartington, Viscount Cross. 1886. Viscount Cross Marquess of Salisbury. aft, D. of Devonshire Earl of Kimberley. 1886. 1886 Earl of Rosebery. W. H. Smith .

H. H. See also:

Fowler, Cr. Vis- 1886. H. C. E. Childers . Earl of Kimberley Viscount Cranbrook. count Wolverhamp- 1887. H. See also:Matthews, cr. Marquess of Salisbury.

H. Campbell-Bannerman ton 1908. 1892. Viscount See also:

Llandaff Marquess of Lansdowne W. H. Smith. Lord G. See also:Hamilton. 1894. .1895 Sir E. Grey . E.

Stanhope. Hon. W. St J. Brodrick. 1895. H. H. Asquith H. Campbell-Bannerman J. See also:

Morley, aft. Viscount 1900.

Sir M. See also:

White See also:Ridley, Marquess of Lansdowne Morley of See also:Blackburn. 1902. Cr. Viscount Rid- Hon. W. St J. Brodrick, 1903. ley 1900 aft. Viscount See also:Midleton 1905. C. T. See also:Ritchie, cr.

H. O. See also:

Arnold-See also:Forster 1908. Baron Ritchie of R. B. See also:Haldane 1910. See also:Dundee 1905 A. Akers-See also:Douglas. . H. J. Gladstone, cr. Viscount Glad- See also:stone 1910 Winston S.

Churchill. See also:

Lytton, cr. Baron Lytton 1866 Duke of Newcastle . E. Cardwell Earl of See also:Carnarvon Duke of See also:Buckingham . Earl Granville Earl of Kimberley. Earl of Carnarvon Sir M. See also:Hicks See also:Beach, cr. Viscount St Aldwyn 1906 Earl of Kimberley Earl of Derby Sir F. A. Stanley, cr. Baron Stanley of Preston 1886, aft.

Earl of Derby Earl Granville E. Stanhope Sir H. T. See also:

Holland,cr.Vis- count See also:Knutsford 1895. Marquess of Ripon J. See also:Chamberlain . Hon. A. Lyttelton Earl of See also:Elgin Earl of See also:Crewe.

End of Article: MINISTRY

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